3. INTRODUCTION
• Amebiasis or amoebic dysentery is a common parasitic enteral
infection. It is caused by any of the amoebas of
the Entamoeba group. Amoebiasis may present with no
symptoms or mild to severe symptoms, including abdominal
pain, diarrhea, or bloody diarrhea. Severe complications may
include inflammation and perforation, resulting in peritonitis.
4. Etiology
• The protozoan Entamoeba histolytica causes amebiasis.
• There are three species of intestinal amoebas.
• Entamoeba histolytica causes most symptomatic diseases.
• Entamoeba dispar is nonpathogenic.
• Entamoeba moshkovskii is reported increasingly, but its
pathogenicity is unclear.
• These organisms are spread via the oral-fecal route.
5. • INCUBATION PERIOD:
• The incubation period from amebiasis is between 2 to 4 weeks.
• RISK FACTOR:
• include the use of corticosteroids, poor nutrition, young age, and
pregnancy.
• Extraintestinal manifestation; The most common extraintestinal
manifestations are an amoebic liver abscess. A liver abscess
develops in less than 4% of patients and may occur within 2 to 4
weeks after the initial infection. Liver abscess usually presents
with right upper quadrant pain, fever, and tenderness to palpation.
6. EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Amebiasis occurs worldwide but is predominantly seen in
developing countries due to decreased sanitation and increased
fecal contamination of water supplies.
• Globally, approximately 50 million people contract the infection,
with over 100000 deaths due to amebiasis reported annually.
• The principal source of infection is ingestion of water or food
contaminated by feces containing E. histolytica cysts.
7. DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUTION
• Direct microscopy of stools or rectal swabs. However, the
organisms are seen in only 30% of patients.
• Cultures can be done from fecal or rectal biopsy specimens or
liver aspirates.
• colonoscopy is done to obtain scrapings of the mucosal surface.
It is appropriate when the stool studies are negative for
amebiasis.
8. CONT;
• Blood tests may reveal the following:
• ElevatedWBC
• Eosinophilia
• Elevated bilirubin and transaminase enzymes
• Mild anemia
• Elevated ESR
9. PREVENTION
• Washing hands with soap and water after every use of a toilet.
• Maintain the proper disposal of sewage.
• Handle soiled diapers carefully.
• Drink boiled water or sealed water when traveling.
• Maintain proper washing and cleaning food before use.
• People with amebiasis should avoid sexual contact until the
infection is treated and has cleared.
10. TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT
• The primary therapy for symptomatic amebiasis requires
hydration and the use of metronidazole and/or tinidazole.These
two agents are dosed as follows:
• Metronidazole dosing for adults is 500 mg orally every 6 to 8
hours for 7 to 14 days.
• Tinidazole adult dosing is 2 g orally each day for 3 days.
