CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIBIOTICS, PHARMACOLOGY 2, PHARMD 3rd YR

1. By
Bhavya Sree Pinnamaneni
Sir CRR COPS.

2. Classification done basedon
Chemical structure
Mechanism of action
Type of organism which primarily
active
Spectrum of activity
Type of action
From which antibiotics are obtained

3. Based on chemical structure
1. Sulfonamides & related drugs:
Ex: Sulfadiazine, Dapsone, PAS
2. Diamino pyridines:
Ex:Trimethoprim, Pyrimethamine
3. Quinolones:
Ex: Nalidixic acid, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin,
Gatifloxacin
4. Beta lactam antibiotics:
Ex: Pencillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactams,
Carbapenems
5. Tetracyclines:
Ex: Doxycycline, Oxytetracycline.
6. Nitrobenzene derivatives:
Ex: Chloamphenicol

4. Based on chemical structure
7. Aminiglycosides:
Ex: Streptomycin, Gentamycin, Amikacin,
Neomycin
8. Macrolide antibiotics:
Ex: Azithromycin, Clarithromycin,
Erythromycin
9. Glycopeptide antibiotics:
Ex: Vancomycin, Teicoplannin
10. Lincosamide antibiotics:
Ex: Lincomycin, Clindamycin
11. Oxazolidinone:
Ex: Linezolid
12. Polypeptide antibiotics:
Ex: Polymixin-B, Colistin, Bacitrain,Tryothricin

5. Based on chemical structure
13. Nitrifuron derivatives:
Ex: Nitrofurantoin, Furazolidone
14. Nicotinic acid derivatives:
Ex: INZ, Pyrazinamide, Ethionamide
15. Nitroimidazoles:
Ex: Metronidazole, Tinidazole
16. Polyene antibiotics:
Ex: Nystatin, Amphotericin-B, Hamycin
17. Azole derivatives:
Ex: Miconazole, Clotrimazole, Ketoconazole,
Fluconazole
18. others:
Ex: Rifampin, Spectinomycin, Cycloserine,
Vincomycin, Ethambutol, Grisefluvin, Clofizimine

6. Based on Mechanism of action
1. Inhibit cellwall synthesis:
Ex: Pencillins, Cephalosporins, Cycloserine,
Vancomycin, Bacitracin
2. Cause leakage from cellmembranes:
Ex: Polypeptide- Polymixins, Cloestine,
Bacitarcin
Polyenes- Amphotericin-B, Nystatin,
Hamycin
3. Inhibit the protein synthesis:
Ex: Tetracyclines, Cholromphenicol,
Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Linezolid
4. Cause misreading of mRNA coding & affect permiability:
Ex: Aminolgycosides- Streptomycin, Gentamycin

7. Based on Mechanism of action
5. Inhibit the DNA Gyrase:
Ex: Fluroquinolones- Ciprofloxacin
6. Interfere with DNA function:
Ex: Rifampin, Metronidazole
7. Interfere with DNA synthesis:
Ex: Acyclovir, Zidovudine
8. Interfere with intermediary metabolism:
Ex: Sulfoamides, Sulfone, PAS, Trimethoprim,
Ethambutol

8. Based on organism against which
primarily actives
1. Anti bacterial:
Ex: Pencillins, Aminoglycosides, Erythromycin
2. Anti fungal:
Ex: Gresiofulvin, Amphotericin-B, Ketoconazole
3. Anti protozal:
Ex: Chlrorquin, Pyrimethamine, Metranidazole
4. Anti viral:
Ex: Acyclovir, amantidine, Zidovudin
5. Anti helmenthic:
Ex: Mebendazole, Pyrantel, Albenmdazole,
Niclosamide, Diethylcarbamazine

9. Based on Spectrum of activity
Narrow spectrum
• Pencillin-G
• Streptomycin
• Erythromycin
Broad spectrum
• Tetracyclines
• Cholramphenicol

10. Based on type of action
Primarily Bacteriostatic
• Sulfonamides
• Tetracyclines
• Chloramphenicol
• Erythromycin
• Ethambutol
• Linezolid
Primarily Bactericidal
• Pencillins
• Aminolglycosides
• Polypeptides
• Rifampin
• Cotrimazole
• Metronidazole
• Ciprofloxacin
• Nalidixic acid
• Cephalospoins
• Vancomycin
• Pyrazinamide
• Isoniazide

11. Based upon antibiotics obtained from
1. Fungi:
Ex: Pencillin, Cephalosporin, Griseofulvin
2. Bacteria:
Ex: Polymixin-B, colestin, Bacitracin,
Aztreonam
3. Actinomycetes:
Ex: Aminoglycosides, Teteacyclines,
Chloramphenicol, Polyene, Macrolides