role of trekking tourism for community develpment in enapl

1. 5/21/2017
Community Development with Trekking Tourism
(A Case study in Gatling, Rasuwa, Nepal)
Regional Development Studies Toyo university Tokyo
PURIBHAKTA KURMAR
3810150012
Supervisor: Professor Kazuo TAKAHASHI 1

2. Table of content
Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Gatlang village …….............................1
1.2. Why community development...........3
1.2.1. Why community development with trekking
tourism.......................................4
1.3. Question and Objective of the study..5
1.4. Importance of the Study…………..........6
1.5. Limitation of the study……..................6
1.6. Purpose of the research......................7
1.7. Research organization........................8
CHAPTER II
2.1. Popular Trekking in Nepal……..…........9
2.1.1. Trekking vegetation……………….......10
2.2.Tourism development in Nepal………..12
2.4.Community development literature..22
2. 2.5. Summary…....................................25
CHAPTER III
Research Methods
3.1. Rational of the study……...…………......26
3.2. Research Design……………………............26
3.3. Universe and unit of analysis……….....26
3.4. Natures of Data collection……………....27
3.5. Techniques of Data Collection……........27
3.5.1. Census survey……………......................27
3.5.2 Questionnaire ………………….................27
3.5.3. Key .informants.................................27
3.5.4. Participation observations………........27
3.6. Data analysis technique………….............27
CHAPTER IV
Research findings on the basis of community
4.1. Gatling village……………………….…............29
4.3. Cultural and Historical aspects…..…......33
4.4. Available Facilities in Gatling……………...35
4.5. Summary...............................................39
CHAPTER V
DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
5.1. Universe of data and collection……….....40
5.2. Summary...............................................58
CHAPTER VI
Discussion of trekking tourism and community development
6.1. Findings……………………......…..............…..59
6.2.3. Environmental aspects……................…70
CHAPTER VII
Conclusion and recommendation
7.1. Conclusion…….…………………..................…72
7.2. Recommendation………………............….….74
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3. Organization of the study
Phase 1 Phase 2
Farming based
community
Phase 3
• Trekking Tourism and farming
community.
• Community organization has
started
Mother saving group
Trekking Tourism
Greenhouse plan
are active
Before Tourism
Phase of
Tourism
Developing
phase of
Tourism
Earthquake
Reconstruction and
renovation phase
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4. Objectives of the study
• The objective of the study is to combine the Trekking
Tourism and community development approach to identify
the community-based change the social-economic aspects.
• Find out the issue of Trekking Tourism, and identifies the
bottom-up Community development approach to the
Gatlang village. And draw framework for Tourism and
community development in community level
• Looking for community progress with Tourism for Rural
Poverty Alleviation Program, or sustainable tourism for
community development after 2002 in Tamang heritage
trail and Gatlang Village Rasuwa
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5. Literature review
• Community development in Thailand and Nepal
Saving group ( CODI, ACHR, Lumanti Nepal and other)
• Community development and tourism in Nepal
Annapurna Trekking route Ghandruk village Gurung
community.
• Mountain Trekking and community development in
Mustang Nepal(kamal Banskota and Bikash Sharma )
• Tourism and community development Asian practices
20014.UNWTO( 20014 September report)
• Other ...
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6. Research methodology
• Key informants
• Census survey
• Questionnaire survey
• Participation observation
• Documentary analysis
Primary
Qualitative and
quantitative
Nepal tourism board ,Lang tang
National park , Tamang heritage
trail, DDC, VDC, AND other
published and unpublished.
Secondary
10
15
11
3
Gatlang village respondents.
local tourism
business holders
Trekking employeee
and trekking agency
Tourismt
Key informants
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7. Total Respondents - 39
5/21/2017
S.N. Respondents type No. Of
respondent
s
Male Female
1 Villagers. Homestay
and of local lodge
10 3 7
2 Trekking guide and
Trekking agency
15 13 2
3 Tourists 11 4 7
4 Key informants 3 2 1
7

8. Research Tools and Technique
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• Key informants
• Census survey
• Questionnaire survey
• Participation observation
• Documentary analysis

9. Gatling village
sources :Google map
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Introduction of research field
9

10. The main Natural tourism attraction of Tamang heritage trail
Gatlang
village
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Total population in the VDC
2487
Total household 532
Tourism participate house
hold 10
Homogenous Community
Buddhist 65%
Christianity 35%
Tamang ethnical group 98%
Kami a group 2%

11. Community Trekking attraction aspects of Gatling community
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Black village
Tamang Traditional
lifestyle and culture
Natural beauty of
mountain view.
New trekking route
11

12. Period of Trekking Tourism
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3-6 month 6-9 month 9-12 month
17. Period of trekking tourism. 14 10 1 0 0
14
10
1
0 0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
12
Trekking guide and local people opinion

13. Tourism Number in Gatlang since 2002 to 20１６
252
779
1440
978
1100
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2002 2005 2010 2015 2016
5/21/2017 13
Sources: collected from homestay and lodge of the gatlang village

14. Objective .....
• The objective of the study is to combine the
Trekking Tourism and community
development approach to identify the
community-based change the social-economic
aspects.
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15. 5/21/2017
Trekking Tourism Community
Improve the tourism
infrastructure
Effective marketing
Promotional activities
Community development
Organize the
unorganized
community
Community leader
Empower the
community
Trekking Tourism and Community Development
15

16. Trekking Tourism as tools for
Community development
Community/local stake holders
Developed Community struggling
for sustainable Tourism
self help. Self realization, and
organization self empowerment
Community development needs
assist management and financial
aid and empowerment
Sustainable livelihood employment
creation and income generation
Cultivation of community Organizing
participating and contributing& benefiting
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Tourism and Community Development
SOURCES :With the references of UNWTO tourism and community Development
16

17. 5/21/2017 17
Fully
Disagree
Disagree
Neither
disagree
nor
Agreee
Agree
Fully
Agree
tourism could be a
tools for community
development ?
0 0 1 2 7
0 0
1
2
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8.1 Trekking Tourism could be a tools for Community
Development ?

18. 5/21/2017 18
6
5
0
0
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
very strong
Strong
Medium
Poor
very
strong
Strong Medium Poor
How did you recognize
the potentiality of
trekking tourism in
Tamang Heritage Trail?
6 5 0 0 0
Q.2How did you recognize the potentiality of trekking tourism in
Tamang Heritage Trail?

19. 5/21/2017 19
0 0
1 1
8
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Fully Disagree Disagree Neither
disagree nor
Agreee
Agree Fully Agree
8.2.Trekking tourism is increasing job opportunity in the local
community?

20. What is tourism?
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Tourism
as
Income
sources
Business
Community
stakeholders
Community
empowerment
Social
awareness
Tools
20

21. Objective ......
• Find out the weakness of Trekking Tourism in
Gatlang village, and identifies the bottom-up
Community development approach to the
Gatlang village. And draw framework for
Tourism and community development in
community level
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22. 5/21/2017
Natural
beauty
Cultural
richness
Trekking
facilities
4.
Trekking
route
5.
Accommo
dation
facilities
6.
Hospitalit
y and
guide
service
7. Confort
of
trekking
very good 9 8 3 2 3 3 5
weak 3 3 6 6 5 8 5
need to improve 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
9
8
3
2
3 3
5
3 3
6 6
5
8
5
0 0 0
1
0 0 0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
How did you find following sources in Gatlang village and Tamang
Heritage trail?
very good weak need to improve
22

23. Weakness of Trekking facilities in Gatlang
Tourism issue in
Gatlang village
Poor infrastructure
No map and
information board
No Rubbish basket
lack of marketing
No community
development leader
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24. 5/21/2017 24
6
5
0 0 0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Very satisfied Satisfied Not satisfied
Q.7.How do you express the experience of the visit in
Tamang Heritage Trail Gatlang village

25. No Leadership in
the Community
Small group
Small group
Small group
Small group
field survey find out the.
• Lack of education
• Lack of participation
• Lack of proper leadership in
community
• Individualism of thinking
• Waiting for Gov. support
Current situation of Gatlang community
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A unorganized
Community
25

26. Community activities
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27. 5/21/2017 27
Communities activities

28. Objectives…..
• Looking for community progress with
Tourism for Rural Poverty Alleviation
Program, or sustainable tourism for
community development after 2002 in
Tamang heritage trail and Gatlang Village
Rasuwa
5/21/2017 28

29. 5/21/2017
1.income and
employment
2. cultural
preservation
Enviromental
change
Other
positve 12 0 2 0 0
Negative 8 3 2 0 0
I don’t know 5 2 8 0 0
12
0
2
0 0
8
3
2
0 0
5
2
8
0 0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Positive and Negative impacts of Tourism in your opinion
positve Negative I don’t know
29

30. 5/21/2017 30
1..Economic
impacts
2.Environmen
tal impacts
3.Community
empowermen
t
4.Women
participation
5.Education
for Child
Positive 9 4 7 4 6
Negative 1 5 0 0 0
I Don’t know 1 2 3 5 4
9
4
7
4
6
1
5
0 0 0
1
2
3
5
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6. How did you find tourisi mpacts in those aspects?

31. ASPECTS Economic Socio-cultural Environmental
1 positive -Economic activities
have increased
-Cottage industries
has been increasing
-Housewife able to
income generate
-Increased the social
awareness.
-Community based
organization are
activating after
earthquake
- Child education
has been increasing
-Environmental
protection
awareness activities
are doing by INGO
Temporary youth
migration has
decrease
Become social bond
strong
2 negative -Increase violation
of local norms and
values
-Increase
deforestation
because of tourist
infrastructure
-Non-compostable
can and plastic
bottle has been
increasing.
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32. • Increase in social awareness after the
Tourism.
• Temporary migration has decrease
• Child education and women income and
empowerment has increasing .
• Community- based cottage industry has
increase
• women saving group are active
• Deforestation has been increasing
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Conti...............
32

33. Conclusion of the study
5/21/2017
Community development with a
community leader, in the co-operation
of a community, CBO, Government
and Tourism institution could be best.
The NGO/ INGO and Government is
the most important partner to drive the
community development
Tamang community Gatlang village is
the unorganized community. Lack of a
Community leader and proper
management of tourism, community
have not benefited as expected
lesion learnt from this research
has Community development is a
process. If community able to
keep continue they might have
successful benefits.
Success and failure of projects
sometimes depend on community
character literacy, social
organization, community leader
and cultural aspects
33

34. 5/21/2017 34
• Tourism is a seasonable business in the mountain
region that is not enough sustainable throughout
the year. In general, the tourism infrastructure is
poor; naturally and culturally Gatlang village is
rich, but from the viewpoint of tourism business
the facilities are not enough
• The key informants try to explain to trekking
tourist has been supporting to the poor household
of the village by sponsor the education for the
children of the village

35. 5/21/2017 35

36. Recommendation ofresearch
• Re-Organized of community with strong
leadership
• Understanding of the community organization
and stakeholders
• Understanding of the tourism promotional
activities
• Revitalizations tourism as community
development tools
5/21/2017 36

37. Strong
Community
leader
small scale community group
Trekking Tourism
Government.
Other
organization
Small group Small group
Small groupSmall group
Re-Organized of community with strong leadership
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38. Understanding of the community organization and
stakeholders
5/21/2017
Tourism
Handicraft
committee
Mother saving
group
Homestay and lodge
management
committee
Tourism
management
Committee
Green house
farming group
38

39. Tourism promotional activities
5/21/2017
communitycooperationwiththose
organizationfortouristpromotion. Creat relation with Trekking agency
co-operate with Nepal Tourism board
Co-operation with Rearch institution
Make web based advertisement
Creat Communiy homepage
39

40. References:
• ACHR (2014) 215 Cities in Asia. Fifth Yearly Report of the Asian Coalition for Community Action Programme, November 2014.
• BAJRACHARYA S.B., FURLEY P.A., NEWTON A.C., 2006. – “Impacts of Community-based conservation on local communities in the Annapurna
Conservation Area, Nepal”. Biodiversity and Conservation, n°15, pp. 2765-2786.
• BAUMMGARTNER F., BAUMGARTNER R., KOPPE R., ROHRBACH A., 1978. – Impact of Trekking Tourism in hill areas. Report of a field Survey in fall
1977. Zürich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 102 p.
• BUTLER R.W., 1989. – “Alternative Tourism: Pious Hope or Trojan Horse?”. World Leisure and Recreation, n°31, pp. 9-17.
• Christenson, James A., and Robinson, Jerry W., Jr., editors. Community Development in America. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1980
• CODI (2008) ‘Baan Mankong Project Performance Assessment 2008’. Bangkok: Community Organizations Development Institute.
• CODI (2012) ‘Baan Mankong: Thailand’s City-wide, Community-Driven Slum Upgrading and Community Housing Development at National
Scale’. Bangkok: Community Organizations Development Institute.
• Cook, James B. “Advocacy of Grassroots Citizenship.” Journal of Community Development society, 1975.
• DIXIT KM., TÜTING L., 1986. – Bikas-Binas. Development, The Change in Life an Environment of the Himalaya. Kathmandu Ratna Book
Distribution, pp. 382-393.
• Edited by Douglas G. Peares and Richard W. Butler Contemporary issue in tourism development 1999 by Rout ledge London
• Edited by Greg Richards and Derek Hall. Tourism and sustainable community development by Rout ledge London 2000,
• HAMILTON B.F., 1987. – “What are the Impacts of Himalayan Deforestation on the Ganges-Brahamaputra Lowlands and Delta? Assumptions
and Facts”. Mountain Research and Development, vol. 7, n°3, pp. 256-263.
DOI: 10.2307/3673202
• HEINEN J.T, SHRESTHRA S.K., 2006. – “Evolving policies for conservation: An Historical Profile of the Protected Area System of Nepal”. Journal
of Environmental Planning and Management, vol. 49, n°1, janvier, pp. 41-58.
• Jamal, T. and Dredge, D. (2014) Tourism and Community Development Issues
• John Swarbrooke Book, Colin beard, Suzanne Leckie, Gill Pomfret. Adventure tourism the new frontier (Butterworth Heinemann 2003)
• K.C., Ram Bahadur (1984), Facts about Nepal, HMG/N, Department of Information, Kathmandu.
• Kamal Basnkota and Bikash Sharma (1998) mountain tourism for community development in Nepal, a case study of Upper mustang Nepal .
• KMTNC/ACAP, 1996. – A New Approach in Protected Area Management. Kathmandu.
• Sopon Pornchokchai “Bangkok slum review and recommendation”1993agency for real estate affiares .
• World Bank and International Monetary Fund (2013) Global Monitoring Report 2013. Rural-urban Dynamics and the Millennium
Development Goals. Washington, DC: World Bank (http://bit.ly/1Bpb3Dn).
• 5/21/2017 40

41. 5/21/2017
• Thank you very much(Eng.)
• ありがとうございました.
• धन्यबाद(Dhanyabad) Nepali)
41

42. 5/21/2017 42Sources: Rabin tamang trekking guide