Agriculture
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agriculture : affecting factor and major crops
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Agriculture
- 2. What is Agriculture? Agriculture is one of the most important economic activity in the world . About 75 % of Indians total population is still depend on Agriculture . Agriculture is the cultivation of Plants and other life forms for food, fiber, bio-fuel, medicinal and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, where by farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization.
- 3. Meaning of Agriculture The word agriculture is the English adaptation of the Latin word ‘agricultūra’. ‘Ager’ means field and ‘cultūra’ means cultivation; in the strict sense ‘agricultūra’ means "tillage of the soil". Agricultural Activities include: Growing crops, fruits, vegetables and flowers Rearing of livestock
- 4. Factors Affecting Farming Physical Factors Cultural Factors Economic Factors
- 5. Physical Factors TEMPERSTURE TERRAIN PRECIPITATION WIND SOIL ALTITUDE
- 6. CULTURAL FACTORS Land Tenure Who owns the land? Farmers may be owner occupiers, tenants, landless labourers or state employees on the land which they farm. Cash Tenancy Share Cropping Inheritance Laws and Farm Size
- 7. ECONOMIC FACTORS Transport Types of transport available, time taken, and the cost of moving raw materials. For perishable commodities (e.g. Milk) an efficient transport network is an necessity. For bulky goods (e.g. Potatoes) transport costs must be lower for outputs to be profitable. Items should be grown as close to market as possible.
- 8. Major Crops A large variety of crops are grown to meet the needs of the growing population. Major food crops are wheat, rice, maize and millets. Main fiber crops are Jute and cotton Important beverage crops are tea and coffee. Many crops supply raw materials for agro-based industries.
- 9. Rice Rice is the major food crop of the world. It is the staple diet of the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Rice needs high temperature, high humidity and rainfall. It grows best in alluvial clay soil, which can retain water. China leads in the production of rice followed by India, Japan, Sri Lanka and Egypt.
- 10. Wheat Wheat requires moderate temperature and rainfall during growing season and bright sunshine at the time of harvest. It thrives best in well drained loamy soil. Wheat is grown extensively in USA, Canada, Argentina, Russia, Ukraine, Australia and India. In India it is grown in winter.
- 11. Millets Millets are known as coarse grains and can be grown on less fertile and sandy soils. It is a hardy crop that needs low rainfall and high to moderate temperature and adequate rainfall. Jowar, bajra and ragi are grown in India, Nigeria and China
- 12. Maize Maize requires moderate temperature, rainfall and lots of sunshine. It needs well-drained fertile soils. Maize is grown in North America, Brazil, China, Russia, Canada, India, and Mexico.