100 Greatest Paintings Of All Time.pdf

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Top 100 Great Paintings of All Time -
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100 Greatest Paintings of All Time
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1. Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci.
Date: c.1503 - c.1519
The Mona Lisa, painted by Leonardo da Vinci between 1503 and 1519, is the most famous and well-
known paintings in the entire world. The portrait's singular appeal stems from its enigmatic
quality; the Mona Lisa grin exudes mystery, sensuality, and satisfaction. Sfumato, a painting
technique used by Leonardo to ease the transition between colors, was used to accomplish this.
The Mona Lisa is recognized as the best example of a portrait due to its depth and complexity of
emotion.

2. The Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh.
Date: 1889
The night sky painted by Van Gogh is a swirling expanse of energy. The community is a sanctuary
of calm order beneath the exploding stars. The flame-like cypress, a tree typically linked with
cemeteries and sadness, connects ground and sky. But van Gogh did not see death as a bad omen.
"I constantly dream when I look at the stars," he said. "Why, I wonder, shouldn't the dazzling dots
of the sky be as reachable as the dark dots on the map of France? We take death to reach a star in
the same way as we take the railway to travel to Tarascon or Rouen."

3. Girl with a Pearl Earring by Johannes
Vermeer. Date: c.1665
The most well-known painting of Jan Vermeer, The Girl with a Pearl Earring, is frequently referred
to as the "Dutch Mona Lisa." It makes sense to draw comparisons to Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona
Lisa (about 1504) because both works of art exude mystery, from the model's mysterious gaze to
the rumors surrounding the identities of the women depicted. The Girl with a Pearl Earring's
model's identity is a mystery. Maria, the eldest daughter of Vermeer, has been mentioned as a
possible candidate, however there is no solid proof to support this claim.

4. The Night Watch by Rembrandt.
Date: 1642
The State Museum in Amsterdam is home to Rembrandt's most well-known painting, which is
hailed as one of the most famous works of art in the entire world. The picture was covered in a
thick layer of varnish for a large portion of its lifetime, giving the impression that it was a night
scene and giving rise to its name. In 1940, the varnish was stripped off, exposing the vivid colors of
the painting. Art traders cut the picture down on three sides in 1715 so that it would fit between
two columns, and vandals purposefully sought to destroy the painting, both of which caused
damage to it.

5. The Scream by Edvard Munch.
Date: 1893
Of all Munch's motifs, The Scream is the most well-known and frequently reinterpreted. It has a
worldwide appeal thanks to its vivid colors, slender lines, and outstanding overall design.
Despite extreme simplicity, the scene can be identified as the Kristiania Fjord as seen from
Ekeberg, with a wide perspective of the fjord, the town, and the hills beyond. Two walking
individuals can be seen in the background to the left, near the end of the walkway with the
railing that cuts across the image diagonally. These figures are frequently mistaken for two
companions who Munch describes in his annotations for the image. But the viewer's focus is
initially drawn to the man in the foreground. Its mouth is open in a silent scream, its hands
clasped to its head, and the undulating motion coursing through the surroundings amplify it. It
is difficult to determine if the figure is a man or a woman, young or old, or even if it is a human
being at all.

6. American Gothic by Grant Wood.
Date: 1930
Grant Wood adopted the exact realism of northern European painters of the 15th century,
although the artist's subjects came from his native Iowa. A farmer and his spinster daughter are
shown in the artwork American Gothic posing in front of their gothic-styled home, which takes its
name from its gable windows and tracery. In reality, the painter's sister and their dentist served as
the models. Wood was accused of parodying the rigidity and bigotry that isolated rural living may
breed in this piece, but he refuted the charge. The Puritan ethic and values that he thought
elevated the Midwestern character are exemplified in the image of American Gothic.

7. The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci painted The Last Supper, one of the most well-known works in the world, in
the late 15th century for the Milanese Dominican abbey Santa Maria delle Grazie. Ludovico
Sforza, the Duke of Milan, who was Leonardo's patron during his first prolonged stay in Milan,
ordered the wall painting.
The Apostles are positioned to his left and right of Jesus, who is seated in the middle of a long
table, in The Last Supper.

8. Las Meninas by Diego Velázquez.
Date: 1656
Diego Velázquez, the most prominent artist of the Spanish Golden Age, painted Las Menina, which
is Spanish for The Ladies-in-waiting, in 1656. It is currently on display in the Museo del Prado in
Madrid. Its intricate and mysterious design poses doubts about what is genuine and what is an
illusion, as well as establishing an ambiguous interaction between the observer and the figures
shown. It has been one of the most extensively studied masterpieces in Western painting as a
result of these complexity. According to some commentators, the painting depicts a sizable room
in the Royal Alcazar of Madrid during the reign of King Philip IV of Spain and features several
figures, the majority of whom are recognized as members of the Spanish court, who appear to
have been caught in a specific moment as if in a snapshot.

9. The Creation of Adam by Michelangelo.
Date: 1508 – 1512
The Sistine Chapel's ceiling features a fresco work by Italian artist Michelangelo called The
Creation of Adam (Italian: Creazione di Adamo), which was created somewhere between 1508 and
1512. It serves as an illustration of the Genesis creation story, in which God creates Adam and gives
him life. The fresco, which is the fourth in a chronological series of panels illustrating Genesis
incidents, is a component of a sophisticated iconographic design.
Humanity has come to associate itself with the picture of God and Adam's nearly touching hands.
Numerous copies and parodies of the painting have been made. One of the most reproduced
religious works of art ever is Michelangelo's Creation of Adam.

10. Impression, Sunrise by Claude Monet.
Date: 1872
Art critic Louis Leroy mockingly referred to Monet's artwork as "Impressionistic" when
Impression, Sunrise was displayed at its debut exhibition in 1874. The soon-to-be-renowned
Impressionist painters rapidly adopted this word, and the exhibition—which featured further
pieces by Impressionist artists—became known as the "Impressionist Exhibition" after that. Later,
in 1985, this artwork was stolen from the Musee Marmottan Monet in Paris; nevertheless, it was
found unharmed in 1990, and in 1991, the museum put it back on display.

11. Lady with an Ermine by Leonardo da Vinci.
Date: 1489 – 1490
Cecilia Gallerani, the young mistress of Ludovico Sforza, the regent and ultimately the Duke of
Milan, is shown in Leonardo Da Vinci's portrait Lady with an ermine (1489–1490). Although some
academics contested this claim, there is plenty of proof that Cecilia Gallerani is the subject of Lady
with an ermine. The portrait is first mentioned in a sonnet by court poet Bernardo Bellincioni, who
says that Cecilia appears to be listening to an invisible speaker. A letter between Cecilia and
Isabella d'Este, the marquise of Mantua, provides additional proof. The marquise requests in her
letter that Cecilia send her the portrait so she can contrast Leonardo's creations with those of
another artist, Giovanni Bellini.

12. Napoleon Crossing the Alps by Jacques-
Louis David. Date: c.1800 – 1801
Napoleon Crossing the Alps (also known as Napoleon at the Saint-Bernard Pass or Bonaparte
Crossing the Alps) is a series of five oil on canvas equestrian portraits of Napoleon Bonaparte
painted by the French artist Jacques-Louis David between 1801 and 1805. Initially commissioned by
the King of Spain, the composition shows a strongly idealized view of the real crossing that
Napoleon and his army made across the Alps through the Great St Bernard Pass in May 1800. It has
become one of the most commonly reproduced images of Napoleon.

13. Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La
Grande Jatte by Georges Seurat.
Date: 1884 – 1886
This most well-known and significant Neo-Impressionist painting shows a cross-section of Parisian
society relaxing in a park on a Seine River island just outside the city limits on a Sunday afternoon.
On Sundays, middle-class Parisians would leave the city to spend time in nature. Usually, people sit
alone near others or congregate in small groups of two or three. The relationship between these
individuals contributes to the work's sense of modernity by fostering a sense of isolation and
alienation from one another as well as nervous tension. Seurat worked on this large-scale painting
for two years, using a grid system and tiny paint dots.

14. The Kiss by Gustav Klimt.
Date: 1907 – 1908
Gustav Klimt's most well-known piece is The Kiss. This piece represents the pinnacle of the artist's
Gold Period, which was distinguished by the use of gold leaf in his creations. In the shape of a
femme fatale, Klimt departed from his usual depiction of sexily powerful women in this painting.
Instead, there is a picture of a couple in an embrace covered in flowers and flecked with gold,
which represents love and art. Klimt had an uncontrollable sexual drive, as evidenced by the fact
that he fathered at least 14 illegitimate offspring. The image, which was chosen to be depicted on
the 2003 Austrian 100 euro coin, is supposed to have been modelled on Klimt and his lifelong
friend Emile Floge, who was also rumored to be his girlfriend.

15. Café Terrace at Night by Vincent van
Gogh. Date: 1888
Café Terrace at Night is an 1888 oil painting by the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh. It is also known
as The Cafe Terrace on the Place du Forum, and, when first exhibited in 1891, was entitled
Coffeehouse, in the evening (Café, le soir). Van Gogh painted Café Terrace at Night in Arles,
France, in mid-September 1888. The painting is not signed, but described and mentioned by the
artist in three letters. Visitors to the site can stand at the north eastern corner of the Place du
Forum, where the artist set up his easel. The site was refurbished in 1990 and 1991 to replicate van
Gogh's painting.

16. The Swing by Jean-Honore Fragonard.
Date: 1767
This painting, often referred to as The Happy Accidents of the Swing, is regarded as one of the
greatest masterworks of the Rococo period. The image shows a young woman being pushed
by her spouse while swinging from a tree. The young man in the front is plainly the object of
the young woman's flirtation, which her husband is oblivious of. A young aristocrat originally
gave Gabriel Francois Doyen the commission to paint him and his mistress. Doyen declined the
commission and gave it to Fragonard because he thought the picture was pointless. The most
recent example of this impact is the animated feature film Tangled, which was made in the
same aesthetic as the painting and has been influenced by many later works, including
paintings and sculptures.

17. The Sleeping Gypsy by Henri Rousseau.
Date: 1897
The Sleeping Gypsy's protagonist, according to Rousseau, is a "wandering Negress, a mandolin
musician, rests with her jar beside her (a vase with drinking water), overtaken with exhaustion in a
profound sleep. When a lion happens to walk by and smells her, he decides not to eat her. A
moonlight effect exists, which is lovely. Rousseau, a toll collector for the city of Paris, was a mostly
self-taught painter who had aspirations of enrolling at the Academy despite his goals. The younger
generation of avant-garde painters, such as Pablo Picasso, Wassily Kandinsky, and Frida Kahlo,
responded favorably to his sharp colors, fantastic imagery, and precise outlines, which were
inspired by the aesthetic and subject matter of popular print culture. However, this goal was never
achieved.

18. Bal du moulin de la Galette by
Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Date: 1876
One of the most admired works of Impressionism is Dance at Moulin de la Galette. The setting is a
Sunday afternoon at Moulin de la Galette, a popular gathering place for dressed-up Parisians to
dance, drink, and eat galettes (flat cakes) all day long. Gustave Caillebotte owned the picture, but
the French government took possession of it after his passing since death taxes hadn't been paid.
Later, it was moved from the Luxembourg Museum to the Louvre and subsequently the Musee
d'Orsay. It sold for the fifth-highest amount ever paid for a painting at auction in 2009.

19. The Musicians by Caravaggio. Date:
c.1595
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571–1610), an Italian Baroque painter, painted The Musicians
or Concert of Youths (about 1595). Since 1952, it has been housed at the Metropolitan Museum of
Art in New York. In 1983, it underwent an extensive restoration. The Musicians is believed to be
Caravaggio's first painting made specifically for Cardinal Francesco Maria Del Monte after he
initially moved into his home in 1595. According to the painter Baglione, who wrote the biography
of the artist, he "painted for the Cardinal youngsters playing music very well drawn from nature
and also a youth playing a lute," the latter of which is likely The Lute Player, which appears to be a
companion piece to The Musicians.

20. The Third of May 1808 by Francisco Goya.
Date: 1814
To commemorate Napoleon's forces' invasion of Spain in 1808, the provisional government of
Spain commissioned this painting at Goya's suggestion. The painting was deemed revolutionary
and ground-breaking when it was created because it depicts aspects of battle that had never
before been freely shown. One man is the subject of the artwork, standing in the center with his
arms outstretched and facing a French firing squad. He is illuminated in white light. His dead
friends are all over the place. As a result, it is regarded as one of the earliest examples of modern
art. The style and context of this work have been directly referenced by a number of other artists,
including Edouard Manet and Pablo Picasso.

21. The Gleaners by Jean-Francois Millet.
Date: 1857
The Gleaners, by far the most well-known of Millet's paintings, shows three women gathering the
last of a field's wheat. According to Millet, the subject of women gathering the last remnants of
wheat is a timeless one that is connected to Old Testament tales. The public received the painting
with blatant contempt. It sympathetically depicted those who, at the time, belonged to the lowest
classes of society and who took advantage of the traditional right to take the remaining remnants
of grain from the wheat harvest. This picture received nothing but criticism from the French high
class during the artist's lifetime because they were concerned about it praising the lower classes.
It wasn't until the artist's passing that it began to gain more popularity.

22. The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck.
Date: 1434
The Arnolfini Portrait is a 1434 oil painting on wood panel by the Early Netherlandish artist Jan van
Eyck. It is also known as The Arnolfini Wedding, The Arnolfini Marriage, the Portrait of Giovanni
Arnolfini and his Wife, or by other names. It is thought to be a full-length double portrait of the
Italian businessman Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini and his wife, probably in their house in Bruges,
Belgium. Its beauty, intricate iconography, geometric orthogonal perspective, and use of a mirror
to expand the image space make it one of the most innovative and complicated paintings in
Western art.

23. The Raft of the Medusa by
Théodore Géricault. Date: 1818 – 1819
The horrible scene depicted in The Raft of the Medusa shows a tangled mass of humans floating at
water, some of whom are dead and others who are fighting for their lives. The solitary African
person on the raft waves a cloth towards a group of men who are attempting to attract the notice
of an approaching ship (located on the far right of the horizon line). Under a threatening sky, the
raft is being blown about in a rough ocean, its sail billowing in the wind. In this piece, Géricault
devoted close attention to the small details. He also drew severed body parts to give the drawing
the most realistic appearance.

24. The Embarkation for Cythera by
Antoine Watteau. Date: 1717
The Embarkation for Cythera, also known as "L'Embarquement pour Cythère," was painted by
French artist Jean-Antoine Watteau. It is also referred to as the Cythera Pilgrimage and the Cythera
Voyage. In 1717, Watteau submitted this image as his reception piece to the Royal Academy of
Painting and Sculpture. The picture is currently housed in Paris's Louvre. Around 1718 or 1719,
Watteau painted a second version of the piece, sometimes referred to as Pilgrimage to Cythera to
distinguish it, which is now housed in Berlin's Charlottenburg Palace. The painting portrays a "fête
galante"; an amorous celebration or party enjoyed by the aristocracy of France after the death of
Louis XIV, which is generally seen as a period of dissipation and pleasure, and peace, after the
sombre last years of the previous reign.

25. The Jewish Bride by Rembrandt.
Date 1667
The Jewish Bride (Dutch: Het Joodse bruidje) is a painting by Rembrandt, painted around 1667.
Early in the 19th century, an Amsterdam art collector recognized the picture as a Jewish father
giving his daughter a jewelry on her wedding day, giving the painting its current name. The identity
of the couple is unknown, and this interpretation is no longer widely held. Lack of anecdotal
context, leaving simply the main universal theme—a couple united in love—increases the
ambiguity. The couple has been referred to either as Rembrandt's son Titus and his bride or
Amsterdam poet Miguel de Barrios and his wife in speculative suggestions.

26. Whistler's Mother by
James McNeill Whistler: Date: 1871
The 1871 oil painting Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1 by James Abbott McNeill Whistler, an
American-born artist, is often referred to as Whistler's Mother or Portrait of Artist's Mother. Anna
McNeill Whistler, Whistler's mother, is depicted in the artwork. The picture, which measures 56.81
by 63.94 inches (1,443 mm by 1,624 mm), is housed in a frame created by Whistler. After being
purchased by the French government in 1891, it is now housed at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris. It is
among the most well-known pieces created by an American artist outside of the country. It has
been variably compared to a Victorian Mona Lisa and an American icon.

27. A Bar at the Folies-Bergere by
Edouard Manet. Date: 1882
The Folies-Bergere nightclub in Paris is the setting for this picture, which is regarded as Manet's
final significant piece. With the beers in the foreground on the bar, which are unmistakably Bass
Pale Ale, it can also be considered as early 20th-century product placement. This signified an
English customer that night at the bar because it was England's first registered trademark. There
has also been a lot of discussion about the painting's composition, which initially appears to be a
mirror copy of the girl in the backdrop. However, upon closer examination, it becomes clear that
the positioning is improper and that it cannot be a mirror image.

28. The Wanderer above the Sea of Fog by
Caspar David Friedrich. Date: 1818
German Romantic artist Caspar David Friedrich painted the oil painting Wanderer above the Sea of
Fog (German: Der Wanderer über dem Nebelmeer), also known as Wanderer above the Mist or
Mountaineer in a Misty Landscape, sometime around 1818. It is regarded as a prime example of
Romanticism and one of its greatest achievements. It is presently housed in Hamburg, Germany's
Kunsthalle. A young man is seen in the foreground standing on a rocky ledge with his back to the
viewer. He is holding a walking stick with his right hand while wearing a dark green overcoat. The
wanderer looks out at a scene shrouded in a dense sea of fog, his hair blowing in the wind.

29. Paris, a Rainy Day by
Gustave Caillebotte. Date: 1877
Gustave Caillebotte (1848-1894), a French artist, is well known for his massive 1877 oil painting,
Paris Street; Rainy Day (French Rue de Paris, temps de pluie). It depicts a number of people
crossing through the Place de Dublin, also known as the Carrefour de Moscou in 1877, at a junction
east of the Gare Saint-Lazare in north Paris. Although this painting belongs to the impressionist
school and Caillebotte was a friend and patron of many impressionist painters, it distinguishes in
its realism and reliance on line rather than sweeping brushstrokes.

30. Flaming June by Frederic Leighton.
Date: 1895
Sir Frederic Leighton produced the painting Flaming June in 1895. It is usually regarded as
Leighton's greatest work and exhibits his classicist tendencies. It was painted with oil paints on a
canvas measuring 47 by 47 inches (1,200 millimeter 1,200 mm). The woman depicted is said to
make reference to the frequently sculpted sleeping nymphs and naiads created by the Greeks.
Early in the 20th century, Flaming June vanished from view before being rediscovered in the 1960s.
Soon after, it was put up for auction during a time when it was considered to be difficult to sell
artwork from the Victorian era, but it failed to sell for its low reserve price of US$140 (about $1,126
in today's standards). It was swiftly acquired by the Museo de Arte de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto
Rico, where it is now housed, following the auction.

31. Breezing Up (A Fair Wind) by
Winslow Homer. Date: 1873 - 1876
Breezing Up (A Fair Wind) is an oil painting by American artist Winslow Homer. It depicts a catboat
called the Gloucester chopping through that city's harbor under "a fair wind" (Homer's original
title). Inside the boat are a man, three boys, and their catch. Early in his career, Homer began to
favor blunt reality. He supported himself as a freelance illustrator after serving an apprenticeship
in a Boston lithography business. He produced a wide range of well-liked images that were later
published as wood engravings in national periodicals including Harper's Weekly. His topics in the
early 1860s ranged from the opulent lifestyle of a beach resort to the atrocities of war. Homer
embraced a warmer color scheme, a looser brush style, and an interest in painting outdoor
settings after spending a lot of time in Europe in 1866–1867. These changes were mostly
influenced by the work of contemporaneous French painters like Courbet, Manet, and Monet.

32. The Harvesters by Pieter Bruegel
The Elder. Date: 1565
The Harvesters is one of five surviving paintings from a possible group of six that wealthy Antwerp
merchant Niclaes Jongelinck commissioned from Bruegel. The series was likely ordered as a lavish
ornamental scheme for the dining room of his suburban mansion, Ter Beken. The Gloomy Day,
Hunters in the Snow, the Return of the Herd, and Haymaking are the other four paintings in the
collection and are all located at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna (Lobkowicz Collections,
Prague). Jongelinck's 1566 inventory lists "16 pieces" by the artist, but only two distinct pieces and
the Twelff maenden (twelve months) are specifically identified, indicating that the series may have
originally had twelve paintings.

33. The Luncheon of the Boating Party by
Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Date: 1880 – 1881
After completion, Renoir sold it to the impressionist-supporting art dealer Paul Durand-Ruel.
Numerous of Renoir's close friends, including his future wife, can be seen unwinding at the Maison
Fournaise along the Seine River in this painting, which is undoubtedly one of his most well-known
pieces. Like many of his other works, this one by Renoir features his friends and acquaintances.
Aline Charigot, a seamstress who later married Renoir, is depicted in the composition's lower left
corner carrying a dog (monkey pincher). Other close friends, actors, the business's owners, and
well-known social leaders from his era are also shown in the artwork.

34. The Storm on the Sea of Galilee by
Rembrandt. Date: 1633
Rembrandt only ever painted one seascape, The Storm on the Sea of Galilee. It shows Jesus
taming the sea's waves and preserving the lives of the fourteen men on board. Rembrandt
allegedly inserted a self-portrait of himself on the boat, adjacent to Jesus and his twelve followers,
among these fourteen men. The painting was taken on March 18, 1990, by thieves posing as police
officers. This painting and twelve other pieces were taken during the break-in at the Boston,
Massachusetts-based Isabella Stewart Gardener Museum. Since the paintings were never found,
the theft is regarded as the largest in history. The artworks' empty frames are still hanging in their
original place, awaiting recovery.

35. A Cotton Office in New Orleans by
Edgar Degas. Date: 1873
In 1872, Degas traveled with his brother Rene to New Orleans, Louisiana, to visit their uncle, Michel
Musson. He decided to paint to pass the time after his flight in 1873 back to France was delayed,
and he planned to sell this painting to a British textile dealer. However, a global decrease in cotton
prices prevented the sale, so he showed the piece in the Impressionist Exhibition in Paris in 1876
instead. It was the first Degas painting to be sold to a museum when the Museum of Fine Arts
acquired it in 1878.

36. Irises by Vincent van Gogh.
Date: 1889
Van Gogh painted Irises in 1889, the year before he passed away, while he was at the Saint Remy
de Provence asylum. This picture was one of many that Van Gogh painted as a means of
maintaining his mental stability. It was painted before his first mental attack at the asylum. Theo
received the painting from Van Gogh and quickly forwarded it to the Salon des Independants that
year, where it was displayed and received excellent praise. Up until the time it was purchased by
the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles in 1990, it continued to achieve high auction price
records.

37. Salvator Mundi by Leonardo da Vinci.
Date: c.1500
Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian artist, depicted Christ in the 1500s in a painting titled Salvator Mundi,
which is Latin meaning Savior of the World. Jesus is depicted in the painting wearing Renaissance
clothing and offering a blessing while holding a transparent rock crystal orb in his left hand,
signifying his role as the world's savior and supreme ruler of the cosmos and serving as a
representation of the 'crystalline sphere' of the heavens as it was understood during the
Renaissance. Students and Leonardo devotees are aware of about 20 more versions of the piece.
The Royal Collection has Leonardo's preliminary chalk and ink sketches of the draperies.

38. The Great Wave off Kanagawa by
Katsushika Hokusai. Date: 1831
The popularity and acclaim of Katsushika Hokusai's most well-known painting keep rising all across
the world. Two boats carrying Japanese sailors are depicted colliding with the print's namesake,
the Great Wave. The wave appears as though it will engulf the boats entirely and that the boatmen
will undoubtedly perish within it. It is a powerful image, but it is also really simple and lovely, with
blue waves that curl and white foamy tips that menacingly coil down into points, like claws ready
to scoop the sailors out of the water.

39. The astronomer by Johannes Vermeer.
Date: 1668
The Astronomer is a painting by Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer that was completed in or around
1668. It is 51 cm by 45 cm (20 x 18 in) and is an oil on canvas that is on display at the Louvre in Paris,
France. Both this astronomer and the slightly later The Geographer are featured in Vermeer's
oeuvre. Scientists were a favorite subject in 17th-century Dutch art. It is thought that both depict
the same person, possibly Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. According to a 2017 investigation, the
canvas for the two pieces comes from the same piece of cloth, demonstrating their intimate
connection.

40. Wheat Field with Cypresses by Vincent
van Gogh. Date: 1889
A Wheatfield with Cypresses is any of three similar 1889 oil paintings by Vincent van Gogh, as part
of his wheat field series. All were exhibited at the Saint-Paul-de-Mausole mental asylum at Saint-
Rémy near Arles, France, where Van Gogh was voluntarily a patient from May 1889 to May 1890.
The works were inspired by the view from the window at the asylum towards the Alpilles
Mountains. The painting depicts golden fields of ripe wheat, a dark fastigiate Provençal cypress
towering like a green obelisk to the right and lighter green olive trees in the middle distance, with
hills and mountains visible behind, and white clouds swirling in an azure sky above.

41. Boulevard of Capucines by Claude Monet.
Date: 1873 – 1874
Boulevard des Capucines is an oil on canvas street scene painting of Boulevard des Capucines by
French Impressionist artist Claude Monet painted in 1873. Beginning in the late 1860s, the
traditional Académie des Beaux-Arts, which had its yearly display at the Salon de Paris, rejected
Monet and other like-minded artists. To show their paintings independently, Monet, Renoir,
Pissarro, and Sisley founded the Société anonyme des artistes peintres, sculpteurs et graveurs in
the second half of 1873. Monet displayed Impression, Sunrise, the piece that would give the group
its long-lasting name, at their inaugural exhibition, which took place in April 1874.

42. Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose by
John Singer Sargent. Date: 1885 - 1886
John Singer Sargent painted Carnation, Lily, Lily, and Rose (1885–1886) en plein air, which is French
for "painting outside." The Hudson River School, the Barbizon School, and Impressionism were
just a few of the 19th-century art styles that benefited greatly from this painting technique. While
sailing with fellow artist Edwin Austin Abbey in 1885, Sargent found inspiration for the inventive
lighting effect. One evening at Pangbourne along the Thames, he noticed Chinese lanterns strung
from trees, casting light across flowerbeds. After Pangbourne, Sargent spent time at Farm House
in Broadway, Worcestershire, where he worked on the picture while staying with artist Francis
David Millet. Slowly but surely, Sargent worked on the painting from September 1885 until it was
finished in October 1886. The reason for this was because Sargent was adamant about capturing
the lighting effect from Pangbourne and only painted for a little period of time each evening to get
the same degree of light at sunset.

43. The Oath of Horatii by
Jacques-Louis David. Date: 1784
The enormous artwork Oath of the Horatii, also known as Le Serment des Horaces, was created by
French artist Jacques-Louis David in 1784 and is currently on exhibit in the Louvre in Paris. A major
hit with both critics and the general public, the painting is still one of the most well-known
examples of the Neoclassical movement. It illustrates a scene from a Roman fable concerning a
disagreement between Rome and Alba Longa, two warring cities, and emphasizes the value of
patriotism and masculine self-sacrifice for one's nation. The two cities agree to pick three soldiers
from each to fight; the victor in that fight will be the victorious city.

44. Dance at Bougival by
Pierre-Auguste Renoir painted Dance at Bougival in 1883. It is currently housed in the Museum of
Fine Arts' collection in Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States of America. One of the most
cherished pieces in the museum, according to the description. Two of Renoir's acquaintances,
Suzanne Valadon and Paul Auguste Lhote, are shown in the piece. One of Renoir's earliest
attempts to return to the more traditional manner of painting he learnt through imitating works at
the Louvre has been described as the artwork, which nonetheless retains the vivid palette used by
his fellow Impressionists.

45. The Battle of Issus by
Albrecht Altdorfer. Date: 1529
The Battle of Alexander at Issus is an oil painting from 1529 by the German artist Albrecht Altdorfer
(c. 1480–1538), a pioneer of landscape painting and a founding member of the Danube school. It is
known in German as Alexanderschlacht. It depicts the Battle of Issus in 333 BC, where Alexander
the Great defeated Darius III of Persia with ease and won important advantage for his campaign
against the Persian Empire. One of the most famous representations of the Renaissance landscape
painting style known as the global landscape, which here reaches an unprecedented grandeur, the
picture is widely recognized as Altdorfer's masterpiece.

46. The Lady of Shalott by
John William Waterhouse. Date: 1888
One of John William Waterhouse's most well-known works, The Lady of Shalott (1888), depicts the
terrible conclusion of Alfred Tennyson's 1832 poem The Lady of Shalot. A medieval Arthurian
legend about Elaine of Astolat, who perished as a result of unfulfilled love for Sir Lancelot, is
recounted in Tennyson's poem. She was supposedly cursed in a tower close to King Arthur's
Camelot. The Lady of Shalott, who is cursed and unable to leave her tower in Tennyson's poem,
sits in the tower and weaves, only able to see reality through a mirror. She glances out the window
and boards a small boat towards Camelot, defying her fate. She dies before getting there as a
punishment for breaking the spell.

47. The Tower of Babel by
Pieter Bruegel the Elder. Date: 1563
Three oil paintings by Pieter Bruegel the Elder use the Tower of Babel as their subject. The first, an
ivory miniature that was painted by Bruegel while he was in Rome, is now lost. At the
Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, there is a display of the Tower of Babel. The "Little" Tower
of Babel, a similar artwork from around 1563, is housed in the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in
Rotterdam.
The Roman Colosseum, which Christians of the period considered as a symbol of both arrogance
and persecution, is purposefully evoked in Bruegel's representation of the building of the tower,
with its multiple arches and other displays of Roman engineering.

48. The Sea of Ice by Caspar David Friedrich.
Date: 1823 - 1824
German Romantic painter Caspar David Friedrich painted The Sea of Ice (German: Das Eismeer),
also known as The Wreck of Hope (German: Die gescheiterte Hoffnung), in 1823–1824. The scene
shows a shipwreck in the center of a sheet of ice that has cracked and ice that has accumulated as
a result of the impact. The ice has taken on the appearance of a monolithic tomb, or dolmen, with
jutting edges toward the sky. On the right, you can just make out the stern of the wreck. This is
HMS Griper, one of two ships that participated in William Edward Parry's 1819–1820 and 1824
voyages to the North Pole, as shown by an inscription on it.

49. Narcissus by Caravaggio. Date: c.1599
Caravaggio, an Italian Baroque master, painted Narcissus between 1597 and 1599. It is housed in
Rome's National Gallery of Ancient Art. The painting was originally attributed to Caravaggio by
Roberto Longhi in 1916. The fact that this is one of only two known Caravaggio paintings with a
classical mythology topic is more a result of accidents of survival than the artist's body of work.
Ovid, a poet, claimed in his Metamorphoses that Narcissus was a gorgeous young man who fell in
love with his own reflection. He is unable to break free and perishes from his passion while staring
at his reflection as he crosses the Styx.

50. Man at the Window by
Gustave Caillebotte. Date: 1875
Young Man at His Window (Jeune man à sa fenêtre) is a painting by French Impressionist
Gustave Caillebotte (1848-1894) that was created in 1875. The oil painting's dimensions
are 117 by 82 centimeters (46 by 32 inches). The artwork shows René Caillebotte, the
artist's brother, standing at a balcony while dressed casually. He is observing Boulevard
de Malesherbes from a window of the family's residence in Paris's Rue de Miromesnil
(the large, oblique cross-street in the background). It is a relatively early piece in
Caillebotte's body of work and exhibits his enthusiasm for urban Realism.

51. Dante and Virgil by
William-Adolphe Bouguereau. Date: 1850
Bouguereau was out for vengeance after failing to win the Prix de Rome in 1848 and 1849. His
early Salon submissions demonstrate this ferocious ambition. The young man wanted to make an
impression once more after his ambitious Equality before Death (1849). He proposed a further
larger painting that was influenced by Dante, whose writing was adored by the Romantics and
who captured all of its dramatic beauty. This picture was influenced by a brief episode from
Dante's Inferno that takes place in the eighth circle of hell (the circle for falsifiers and
counterfeiters) and depicts an altercation between two condemned souls. Gianni Schicchi attacks
Capocchio, an alchemist and heretic, and bites him on the neck.

52. Lady Godiva by John Collier. Date: c.1897
According to a legend that dates back at least to the 13th century, Lady Godiva was an Anglo-
Saxon noblewoman who lived in the 11th century. She is said to have rode through the streets of
Coventry on her horse while completely naked, with only her long hair covering her body. Later
versions of this myth claim that a man named Tom saw her ride and was either struck blind or
killed, giving rise to the term "Peeping Tom" for a voyeur.

53. The Garden of Earthly Delights by
Hieronymus Bosch. Date: 1510 - 1515
The Garden of Earthly Delights, by far Bosch's most well-known and ambitious work, best
exemplifies his distinctive artistic style and contains the most vivid imagery and nuanced symbolic
meaning. The triptych is typically understood to represent a warning against giving in to
temptation, although there has been a great deal of speculation and analysis, and critics and
historians are divided on the matter. Some people think the middle panel, which shows a
fantastical world with nudes engaged in sexual activity, large fruits, and other suggestive
elements, is just a representation of paradise lost, while others think it is a moral warning that will
lead you to hell, as it is shown in the third panel of the series.

54. View of Toledo by El Greco. Date: c.1599
View of Toledo is one of El Greco's two remaining landscapes and one of the most well-known
depictions of the sky in western art. El Greco was the first landscape painter in the annals of
Spanish art because it was uncommon to depict an isolated landscape picture at the time it was
created. However, it does not accurately depict Toledo's scenery. The castle is at the right
position, but the other buildings' locations and distances from one another are inaccurate. The
painting is mentioned in the film "V for Vendetta," where the protagonist Evey Hammond draws
her captor's attention to it.

55. Boy with a Basket of Fruit by
Caravaggio. Date: c.1593
This painting was completed by Caravaggio when he was still a relatively unknown artist and new
to Rome. Mario Minniti, a close friend of Caravaggio's who was 16 at the time and would later
frequently act as one of his models, was used as the model for the boy in the painting. As a realist
painter, Caravaggio did not idealize his works; rather, he faithfully depicted the reality of what he
saw on the canvas before him. His depictions of the fruit and leaves in the basket, which are so
lifelike that they have been examined by horticulture professionals who were able to precisely
identify the individual cultivars, make this incredibly evident.

56. Annunciation by Leonardo da Vinci.
Date: c.1472
One of Leonardo da Vinci's earlier works, Annunciation (about 1472), was commissioned by the
church of San Bartolomeo in Monte Oliveto. Although oil was often used on canvas, Leonardo
chose to paint using tempera and oil on wood. The picture was probably created with the newly
restored church's sacristy (a place where priests get ready for services and hold items of worship)
in mind based on its rectangular shape and size.

57. The Boating Party by Mary Cassatt.
Date: 1893 - 1894
American artist Mary Cassatt painted The Boating Party in 1893. Since 1963, it has been a part of
the National Gallery of Art's collection. The Boating Party was painted by Cassat in Antibes, on the
French Riviera, in the winter of 1893–1894. Cassat and her mother stayed at the Villa "La
Cigaronne" at Cap d'Antibes in the months of January and February 1894. Cassat painted it when
she was 49 years old.

58. Vincent's Bedroom in Arles by
Vincent van Gogh. Date: 1888
Three related paintings by 19th-century Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh are
collectively referred to as Bedroom in Arles (French: La Chambre à Arles; Dutch: Slaapkamer te
Arles). Van Gogh gave this piece the simple title The Bedroom (La Chambre à coucher in French).
The images on the wall to the right make it simple to tell which of the three genuine versions he
mentioned in his letters. Van Gogh's bedroom in the Yellow House, also known as 2, Place
Lamartine in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, France, is shown in the artwork.

59. Night by Max Beckmann. Date: 1918
This has to be among the goriest pictures ever painted. Other artists have portrayed the horrors of
war, oppression, and martyrdom; torture and pain are frequently portrayed as sinners' justly
deserved punishments before being cast into hell, and the roasting and beheading of saints are
depicted to serve the greater glory of God. These artists are typically driven by higher purposes of
patriotism or pacifism. However, Beckmann does not perceive a reason for the agony he exhibits;
there is no glory for anyone, no payment, and no celebration of justice served—only senseless
anguish and cruelty for its own sake. There seems to be no physical way to escape Beckmann's
overpowering self-blame for human nature. Both the perpetrator and the victim are cornered.

60. Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I by
Gustav Klimt. Date: 1907
The wealthy entrepreneur Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer, who made his money in the sugar industry,
commissioned this picture, which took three years to complete. Klimt was a favorite artist of
Ferdinand Bloch- Bauer's, and in 1912, he was given the task of painting another portrait of his wife
Adele. The only person Klimt painted twice was Adele Bloch-Bauer. Perhaps the reason this picture
is so well-known is not because of its artistic merit but rather because of its controversial past.
Adele Bloch-Bauer wanted the picture to be donated to the Austrian State Gallery after she passed
away, but German troops approaching during World War II took it. The paintings were designated
as Maria Altmann's and his nieces' property by Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer in 1945.

61. The Card Players by Paul Cezanne.
Date: 1893
Paul Cézanne, a French Post-Impressionist painter, created a series of oil paintings titled The Card
Players. There are five paintings in the series, which were painted in the early 1890s during
Cézanne's final phase. The sizes and representations of the players in the variations differ.
Cézanne also produced a large number of sketches and studies in advance of The Card Players
series. The second most expensive work of art ever sold, one version The Card Players was sold in
2011 to the Royal Family of Qatar for a sum that has been variously reported to be between $250
million and $300 million.

62. Vertumnus (Emperor Rudolph II) by
Giuseppe Arcimboldo. Date: 1591
Giuseppe Arcimboldo painted Vertumnus (Emperor Rudolph II), which is in the Skoklosters Slott,
Bolsta collection. The deity of the seasons, Vertumnus, who was rumored to have the ability to
change his form at will, served as the painting's primary source of inspiration. The fruits,
vegetables, and flowers that cover Emporer Rudolph II's body in the artwork have replaced his
skin, muscles, and hair. The artwork is in the Mannerism genre and was painted on wood using the
oil technique. It was viewed as a representation of agricultural wealth in the sixteenth century.

63. Improvisation. Gorge by
Wassily Kandinsky. Date: 1914
The 1914 artwork Improvization is by Russian Impressionist Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944). The oil
on canvas work, which is 97 by 98 centimeters in size and is from the Improvisations series, is
inspired by abstract art. It is now kept in Munich's Städtische Galerie am Lenbachhaus. Kandinsky
uses the landscape as a source of inspiration as he paints a still life. He uses the ladder motif to
convey a sense of towering height as he describes his experience of trekking through a gorge with
steep sides.

64. Young Hare by Albrecht Durer.
Date: 1502
One of the most well-known illustrations of Dürer's studies of nature and animals is the watercolor
A Young Hare (1502). The artwork is notable not just for displaying Dürer's extraordinary skill, but
also because it sheds light on his conception of the interaction between art and nature. New
representational methods, such as the study of proportions, perspective, and imitation of nature,
were developed throughout the Renaissance. Dürer learned about many of these methods while
traveling in Italy in the late 1490s and brought the new information back to Germany. Due of his
fascination with nature, Dürer's early 1500s artwork frequently reflected this, such as A Young
Hare.

65. Portrait of Patience Escalier by
The 1888 painting Portrait of Patience Escalier is by Dutch Impressionist Vincent van Gogh (1853–
1990). The oil on canvas painting, which measures 69 by 56 cm and is from the Improvisations
series, is inspired by Post-Impressionism and the portrait genre. It is in Philip Niarchos' private
collection and was painted in Arles-sur-Tech, France. Van Gogh wanted to portray an older peasant
who looked like his father, and this resulted in the picture. Gardener and shephard Patience
Escalier shares many facial similarities with his father. He painted two versions of this portrait.

66. Skull with Burning Cigarette by
Skull with Burning Cigarette, without a doubt one of Van Gogh's most gruesome pieces, and
arguably the most notable of his works from the Antwerp period. The painting was probably
inspired by a skeleton Vincent saw in an anatomy class while he was taking art classes. This would
seem to be supported by a sketch from the same time period called Hanging Skeleton and Cat. The
painting, a somber memento mori, was created when Van Gogh's health was poor (as a result of
stomach problems and decayed teeth), and it may reflect Vincent's personal worries about his
wellbeing. Some see the piece as a defiant protest against Vincent's deteriorating health.

67. The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli.
Date: 1483 - 1485
One of the most well-known paintings ever created, The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli in the
1480s, is the highlight of any trip to the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. It is a line mark of European art as
well as a commercial icon. It is a mystery as to what the painting's true topic is and what it means.
The complexity of this work of art has been demonstrated by the numerous hypotheses and
interpretations that have been generated throughout the years.The painting's composition is
rather straightforward: in the middle, the goddess of love Venus is depicted standing in a shell that
has washed ashore on a beach, being greeted by a young woman on the right and blown there by
two personifications of the winds. The title of the piece contrasts with what it depicts because we
do not actually witness Venus being born.

68. Christ among the Doctors by
Albrecht Durer. Date: 1506
Albrecht Dürer painted Christ among the Doctors (1506) while on his second trip to Italy. The panel
shows a scene from the life of Christ; when Jesus was twelve years old, he traveled to Jerusalem
with Joseph and Mary. Jesus waits at the temple and is subsequently discovered conversing with
the temple elders. On a page slip in the book being held by the elderly man on the left is a Latin
inscription that reads, "Work done in five days," or opus quinque dierum. Scholars are in
agreement that this alludes to the painting's quick execution and its tempera base and thin oil
paint layer.

69. The Dance Class by Edgar Degas.
Date: 1874
Edgar Degas painted The Dance Class in 1874. It is a part of the Metropolitan Museum of Art's
collection. One of Degas' most ambitious works on the subject of dance is the picture and its
companion piece, which is on display at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris. The fictitious setting shows a
dance class being taught by renowned ballet instructor Jules Perrot in the former Paris Opera,
which had burned down the year before. The Guillaume Tell poster hanging on the wall is a
memorial to Jean-Baptiste Faure, the opera singer who had commissioned the piece. The picture is
on display at Gallery 815 of the Metropolitan Museum.

70. The Abbey in the Oakwood by
Caspar David Friedrich. Date: 1809 - 1810
Caspar David Friedrich painted The Abbey in the Oakwood, known in German as Abtei im Eichwald.
It was painted in Dresden between 1809 and 1810 and debuted alongside The Monk by the Sea at
the Prussian Academy of Arts exhibition in 1810. The Abbey in the Oakwood was hung below The
Monk by the Sea at Friedrich's suggestion. Over two dozen of Friedrich's paintings feature
cemeteries or graves, including this one. King Frederick Wilhelm III purchased both paintings for
his collection following the show. Today the paintings are shown side by side in Berlin's Alte
Nationalgalerie.

71. The Milkmaid by Johannes Vermeer.
Date: c.1660
Despite the fact that servants and kitchen maids frequently appeared in Dutch genre paintings
from the 17th century, Jan Vermeer's work The Milkmaid stands apart since it features a single
figure portrait of a kitchen maid. The milkmaid is completely focused on her task as she slowly
pours the milk. The inside was kept fairly basic even if the surrounding items suggest that the
milkmaid is in a kitchen. Vermeer decided to remove a wall hanging, most likely a map, from the
back wall, according to X-ray analyses of the painting. In addition, the artist replaced the clothes
bin in the right corner with a footwarmer. The artist emphasized the milkmaid and her activity
more by making these changes.

72. The Ninth Wave by Ivan Aivazovsky.
Date: 1850
Ivan Aivazovsky, a maritime painter of Russian Armenian descent, painted The Ninth Wave in 1850.
It is his best-known piece. The phrase used in the title, which is a sailing term, describes a wave
that follows a series of waves that get progressively bigger. It shows a sea after a night storm and
individuals clinging on shipwreck debris in an attempt to save themselves from certain death. The
debris, which is shaped like a cross, seems to be a Christian allegory for deliverance from sin on
earth. Warm colors in the artwork lessen the sea's ominous undertones, making it seem more
likely that the humans would survive. This picture depicts both the destructive and beautiful
aspects of nature.

73. St. John the Baptist by Leonardo da Vinci.
Date: c.1515
Leonardo da Vinci painted St. John the Baptist in the High Renaissance style on walnut wood. It
was presumably finished between 1513 and 1516, and is thought to be his last work. The painting's
original dimensions were 69 x 57 cm. It is currently on display in Paris, France at the Musée du
Louvre. St. John the Baptist is shown in isolation in the artwork. The figure appears to emerge
from the dark background thanks to the use of chiaroscuro. St. John has long, curly hair, is
wearing pelts, and is smiling enigmatically in a style reminiscent of Leonardo's famous Mona Lisa.

74. Two Sisters (On the Terrace) by
The Art Institute of Chicago's collection includes an 1881 oil painting by French artist Pierre-
Auguste Renoir titled Two Sisters or On the Terrace. The painting is 100.5 cm by 81 cm in size. The
picture was given the names Two Sisters (French: Les Deux Soeurs) by Renoir and On the Terrace
(French: Sur la terrasse) by its first owner, Paul Durand-Ruel. Renoir worked on the painting on the
terrace of the Maison Fournaise restaurant, which is situated on an island in the Seine near Chatou,
a western Paris suburb. A young woman and her younger sister are shown in the artwork sitting
outside with a tiny basket holding balls of yarn.

75. the Meeting on the Turret Stairs by
Frederick William Burton. Date: 1864
Frederic William Burton's watercolor painting from 1864 titled The Meeting on the Turret Stairs
(also known as Hellelil and Hildebrand, the Meeting on the Turret Stairs). The Irish National Gallery
houses the painting. The love tale of Hellelil, who fell in love with her personal guard Hildebrand, is
the subject of the picture. Whitley Stokes, a friend of the artist, translated the tale from a medieval
Danish ballad, which was then published in Fraser's Magazine in 1855. Later, Margaret Stokes, a
sister of the poet, gave it to the museum.

76. Landscape with the Fall of Icarus by
Pieter Bruegel the Elder. Date: c.1560.
The artwork is most likely a copy of a long-lost Bruegel original, most likely from the 1560s or soon
after. It is painted in oils as opposed to tempera in Bruegel's other canvas works. Although
Joachim Patiner invented the global landscape, a style of painting where the main subject is
represented by small people in the distance, it is unique to have a much larger unrelated "genre"
figure in the foreground and strikes somewhat at the developing hierarchy of genres. Other
Bruegel landscapes, such as The Hunters in the Snow (1565) and others in that series of works
depicting the seasons, feature genre figures in a raised foreground, but they are neither as large in
relation to the size of the image nor do they have a background subject from a "higher" class of
painting.

77. Calling of Saint Matthew by Caravaggio.
Date: c.1600.
A masterpiece by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, The Calling of Saint Matthew, captures the
moment when Jesus Christ calls Matthew to follow him. It was finished between 1599 and 1600 for
the Contarelli Chapel in Rome's San Luigi dei Francesi church, where it still stands today. The
Martyrdom of Saint Matthew, created at the same time as the Calling, and The Inspiration of Saint
Matthew, two other Caravaggio paintings of Matthew, hang next to it (1602).

78. The Night Cafe by Vincent van Gogh.
Date: 1888.
The Night Café, also known as Le Café de nuit, is an oil work by Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh that
was completed in Arles in September 1888. Its title is inscribed lower right beneath the signature.
Yale University owns the picture, which is on display in the Yale University Art Gallery in New
Haven, Connecticut. The interior shown is the Café de la Gare, 30 Place Lamartine, owned by
Joseph-Michel Ginoux and his wife Marie, who posed for Van Gogh's and Gauguin's Arlésienne in
November 1888. A little while later, Joseph Ginoux apparently posed for both artists as well.

79. The Promenade, Woman with a Parasol by
Claude Monet. Date: 1875.
Claude Monet painted Woman with a Parasol - Madame Monet and Her Son in 1875. It is often
referred to as The Stroll (French: La Promenade). The Impressionist painting captures a moment
during a promenade on a breezy summer day and features his wife Camille Monet and their son
Jean Monet between the years 1871 to 1877 while they lived in Argenteuil. Monet uses light,
impulsive brushstrokes to add color splashes. The wind is blowing Mrs. Monet's veil and her
billowing white dress, and the green underside of her parasol echoes the motion of the meadow's
grass. She is viewed against fluffy white clouds in an azure sky from below with a strong upward
perspective. To provide depth, a child, the Monets' seven-year-old son, is put farther away, hidden
behind a rise in the ground and only visible from the waist up.

80. Supper at Emmaus by Caravaggio.
Date: 1602.
Caravaggio, an Italian Baroque painter, painted The Supper at Emmaus in 1601, and it is currently
on display at the National Gallery in London. Originally, Ciriaco Mattei, the brother of cardinal
Girolamo Mattei, ordered and paid for this artwork. The scene in the picture shows the moment
when the disguised and resurrected Jesus appears to two of his disciples in the town of
Emmaus—possibly Luke and Cleopas—before quickly disappearing from their view (Gospel of
Luke 24: 30-31). Cleopas is covered in a pilgrim's scallop shell. The clothing on the other apostle is
torn. Cleopas makes a gesticulation that challenges the viewer's viewpoint by extending his arms
in and out of the scene.

81. Madonna in the Meadow by Raphael.
Date: 1505 - 1506.
Raphael painted the Madonna del Prato (Madonna of the Meadow), also known as Madonna with
the Christ Child and Saint John the Baptist, in 1506. It is now housed in Vienna's Kunsthistorisches
Museum. Due to its lengthy stay in the imperial collection at the Vienna Belvedere, it is also known
as the Madonna del Belvedere. In a serene green field, the infant John the Baptist, infant Jesus,
and the Virgin Mary are all depicted and connected by their appearances. Mary is standing with her
right leg extended and is donning a crimson garment with a blue mantle that has gold borders.
The Madonna holding hands with Jesus represents the unification of Mother Church with Christ's
sacrifice, while the blue represents the church and the red the death of Christ.

82. Wooded Path in Autumn by
Hans Andersen Brendekilde. Date: 1902
A Wooded Path in Autumn is a delightful painting by Hans Andersen Brendekilde. Hans Andersen
was a Danish painter who came from a poor family. As a youngster, he was apprenticed be an
artist.

83. A Mermaid by John William Waterhouse.
Date: 1900.
Following his appointment as an Academician, John William Waterhouse submitted this picture to
the Royal Academy. Beginning in the 1880s, Waterhouse displayed both intricate compositions
with numerous figures and solo figures, frequently borrowed from literature or Greek mythology,
at the Royal Academy and the New Gallery. It's conceivable that Alfred Lord Tennyson's poem
"The Mermaid" (1830) served as the inspiration for Waterhouse's painting "A Mermaid."

84. The Kiss by Francesco Hayez. Date: 1859.
Francesco Hayez, an Italian painter, painted The Kiss in 1859. It may be his most well-known piece
of art. The Risorgimento attitude is captured in this artwork, which embodies the key elements of
Italian romanticism. Alfonso Maria Visconti di Saliceto ordered it and presented it to the
Pinacoteca di Brera following his passing. A medieval couple is depicted in the painting kissing and
hugging one another. It is one of the most powerful and passionate depictions of a kiss in the
annals of Western art. The male extends his left leg to support the girl as she leans backward,
while also placing one foot on the step next to him as if he were about to jump off.

85. Head of a Young Woman with Tousled Hair
(Leda) by Leonardo da Vinci. Date: c.1508.
The Head of a Woman, also known as La Scapigliata, is an oil painting on wood by the great Italian
Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that is kept in the Galleria Nazionale di Parma, Italy, and dates
to possibly around 1500. The completed artwork was first documented in the House of Gonzaga
collection in 1627. It was produced during the High Renaissance period of art. It may be the same
piece that Ippolito Calandra recommended to put in Margaret Paleologa's chamber while she was
Federico II Gonzaga's wife in 1531. The marquesses asked Leonardo to paint a Madonna for her
personal studiolo in a letter to Pietro Novellara in 1501.

86. The Parquet Planers (The Floor
Scrapers) by Gustave Caillebotte.
Date: 1875.
One of the first depictions of the urban proletariat appears in this artwork. City employees were
rarely depicted in paintings, in contrast to peasants (The Gleaners by Millet, 1857) or rural laborers
(The Stone Breakers by Courbet, 1849). Caillebotte does not include any social, moralizing, or
political messages in his paintings, unlike Courbet or Millet. His standing among the most talented
realists is justified by his exhaustive documented study (gestures, instruments, accessories).
Caillebotte had studied with Bonnat and had just academic training. The perspective, emphasized
by the high angle image, and the floorboard alignment follow convention. According to the
academic method, the artist sketched each component of his painting separately before
transferring it to the canvas using the square method.

87. Hunters in the Snow by
Pieter Bruegel the Elder. Date: 1565.
Hunters in the Snow, one of six paintings by Brueghel that portray the several seasons of the year,
is in his traditional peasant genre with a landscape subject. Of the six, five of these works have
survived. After a fruitless hunt, the hunters are seen coming back with their hounds. His depiction
of the snowy scene has been utilized by scientists to support evidence on the severity of the Little
Ice Age, which occurred at the time the picture was made. Brueghel is providing us with a secular
representation of what rural life should seem like by producing works at a period of religious
revolution in the Netherlands.

88. The Art of Painting by Johannes Vermeer.
Date: c.1666 - c.1668.
Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer painted The Art of Painting, sometimes referred to as The
Allegory of Painting, in the 17th century. It is on display in Vienna's Kunsthistorisches Museum and
belongs to the Austrian Republic. This illusionistic painting is one of Vermeer's most famous. This
painting was considered by Thoré-Bürger to be his most intriguing in 1868. Thoré-Bürger is most
known today for his rediscovery of the works of painter Johannes Vermeer.

89. Portrait of Bindo Altoviti by Raphael.
Date: 1512 - 1515.
The Italian High Renaissance painter Raphael completed The Portrait of Bindo Altoviti in or around
1515. It is housed in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. Rich banker Bindo Altoviti was
of Florentine descent and was born in Rome in 1491. He enjoyed the arts and was well-educated.
Raphael's work, especially his portraits of males, is not typical of his, and the subject's graceful,
almost effeminate attitude and the strong contrast between light and shadow show the artist's
experimenting with many forms and techniques during his later Roman time.

90. Self Portrait with a Grey Felt Hat by
Vincent van Gogh. Date: 1887.
Vincent van Gogh frequently painted by himself since he lacked the money to pay models to pose
for him. During the winter of 1887–1888, while spending nearly 2 years in Paris with his brother
Theo, he created this self-portrait. But in his own unique style, he applied the pointillism painting
method. Van Gogh picked up the pointillism painting style while he was a student of Fernand
Cormon. Van Gogh surrounded his head with a kind of halo using strokes.

91. Ecce Homo by Caravaggio. Date: c.1605.
Painting by the Italian painter Caravaggio, Ecce Homo (c. 1605/6 or 1609, according to John Gash).
It is housed in Genoa's Palazzo Bianco. The scene is from the book of John 19, and it shows Pontius
Pilate presenting Christ to the multitude while saying, "Ecce homo!" "Look, there he is." In
Caravaggio's depiction of the scene, Pilate's exhibition was mixed with the earlier scenario in
which Christ was mockingly dressed as a king by his torturers and already wearing a crown of
thorns.

92. Mr. and Mrs. Andrews by
Thomas Gainsborough. Date: c.1750.
Mr. and Mrs. Andrews (1750), a portrait painted by Thomas Gainsborough when he was just 21
years old, is one of his most well-known paintings. Robert Andrews, the landowner, and his young
wife Frances Andrews are shown in the artwork relaxing on a bench in front of an English
countryside scene. Two years after the couple's marriage in the Sudbury parish church at All
Saints, the portrait was ordered in 1750. The artwork, however, is not a portrait of a couple; rather,
it probably commemorated the bequest Andrews received in 1750. This makes the painting a
"triple" portrait of Mr. Andrews, his wife, and his property.

93. The Wedding Feast at Cana by
Paolo Veronese. Date: 1563.
The Biblical account of the Wedding at Cana, whereby Jesus turns water into wine, is depicted in
Paolo Veronese's (1528–88) figurative painting The Wedding Feast at Cana. The large-format
(6.77m 9.94m) oil painting, which was created in the Mannerist (1520–1600) style of the late
Renaissance, embodies the stylistic ideal of compositional harmony used by Leonardo, Raphael,
and Michelangelo. In contrast to Mannerism, which exaggerated Renaissance ideals of figure,
light, and color with asymmetric and unnaturally elegant arrangements achieved by flattening the
pictorial space and distorting the human figure as an ideal preconception of the subject, rather
than as a realistic representation, the art of the High Renaissance (1490–1527) emphasized human
figures of ideal proportions, balanced composition, and beauty.

94. Ophelia by Sir John Everett Millais.
Date: 1851 - 1852.
Sir John Everett Millais, a British painter, painted Ophelia in 1851 and 1852. It can be found in the
collection of the Tate Britain in London. It shows the Hamlet character Ophelia singing just before
she falls into a Danish river and perishes. The painting received a mixed reception when it was first
displayed at the Royal Academy, but it has since earned praise as one of the most significant
pieces of art from the middle of the nineteenth century for its beauty, its accurate portrayal of a
natural landscape, and its influence on artists ranging from Peter Blake, Ed Ruscha, and Friedrich
Heyser to John William Waterhouse and Salvador Dalí.

95. An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump by
Joseph Wright. Date: 1768
One of many candlelit settings that Derby artist Joseph Wright painted in the 1760s is An
Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump, an oil painting from 1768. By portraying a scientific subject in
the solemn style previously designated for scenes of historical or religious significance, the
painting broke with prevailing norm at the time. The Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment's
scientific breakthroughs were depicted by Wright in great detail. While his contemporaries praised
his paintings as extraordinary, the style was never extensively emulated due to his provincial
background and subject preferences. Since 1863, the painting has belonged to the National Gallery
in London, and is regarded as a masterpiece of British art.

96. The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks
to Sultan Mahmoud IV by Ilya Repin.
Date: 1878 - 1891.
The massive Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, measuring 6 by 11 feet, is one of Repin's most
challenging works and took him more than ten years to complete. He meticulously noted the years
along the bottom edge of the canvas as he worked on the painting. The picture was quickly
purchased by Alexander III, Emperor of Russia, for 30,000 roubles, which at the time was the
highest price ever paid for a Russian painting. Despite Repin's original intention for the painting to
take a satirical look at politics, it eventually included themes of equality, liberty, and fraternity. The
State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg currently houses the painting.

97. The Poor Poet by Carl Spitzweg.
Date: 1837
The most well-known and widely viewed artwork by German artist Carl Spitzweg is titled The Poor
Poet (German: Der arme Poet). It had three versions and was painted in 1839. A poet is shown in
his shabby attic home in the painting. A little window on the left side of the small space provides
light. The rafters of the home roof are on the right, and an umbrella is hung there to shield the
sleeping space from rainwater seeping through the roof. On the right side of the artwork, the door
to the chamber is visible. A green tiled stove without a fire is located opposite the entryway, on
the left side of the image.

98. Madame Recamier by Jacques-Louis David.
Date: 1800.
Juliette Récamier, a Parisian socialite, is seen in Jacques-Louis David's 1800 painting, Portrait of
Madame Récamier, dressed simply in an Empire-line dress with virtually bare arms and short hair
"à la Titus" while reclined on a Directoire-type sofa in the height of Neoclassical style. He started it
in May 1800, but may have abandoned it when he discovered that François Gérard had already
been hired to paint a portrait of the same subject (Gerard's portrait was finished in 1802); on the
other hand, a lot of David portraits have the same plain background. Ingres used the position of a
reclined figure gazing over her shoulder in his Grande Odalisque in 1814. It is now housed at The
Louvre.

99. Primavera by Sandro Botticelli.
Date: 1478 - 1482
Primavera is an academic artwork by Botticelli that is intended for a select group of viewers who
can understand its intricate literary, philosophical, and iconographic allusions, such as those that
the Medici family developed in Florentine intellectual circles. The message of this piece, which is
comprised of symbols and allegories, has been subject to a number of potential interpretations.
The characters can be recognized by reference to other literary works, such as the poem Stanze
for the Carousel by Botticelli's contemporary Angelo Poliziano or the works of Latin authors who
were popular in the 15th century, such as Lucrezio, Ovidio, and Orazio.

100. Beheading of Saint John the Baptist by
Caravaggio. Date: 1608.
Caravaggio oil painting The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist. The painting is frequently cited as
Caravaggio's masterwork and "one of the most important works in Western painting," according
to Andrea Pomella in Caravaggio: An Artist via Images (2005). One of the top ten works of art ever
created, according to Jonathan Jones, is The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist. According to
Jones, "Death and human brutality are exposed bare by this masterwork, as its magnitude and
shadow daunt and possess the mind". The artwork is 12 feet (3.7 meters) by 17 feet (5.2 meters)
and is painted in oil on canvas. The chiaroscuro technique is used to emphasize the rich red and
warm yellow colors that are typical of the Baroque era.

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