SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 44
Tatalaksana Asma pada anak dan peranan
Kortikosteroid Inhalasi ?
Speaker:
ID-5683 ED Juni 23
DISCLAIMER
• The meeting and material are organized and sponsored by PT. AstraZeneca Indonesia.
• This is a promotional meeting.
• The speaker in this meeting receive honoraria from PT. AstraZeneca Indonesia.
• Pertemuan ilmiah dan materi dalam pertemuan ini diselenggarakan dan disponsori oleh PT.
AstraZeneca Indonesia.
• Pertemuan ilmiah ini adalah pertemuan yang bersifat promosi.
• Pembicara dalam pertemuan ilmiah ini menerima honoraria dari PT. AstraZeneca Indonesia.
2
Agenda
Definisi dan Patologi Asma
Peranan Pulmicort® Respules pada
tatalaksana asma anak
Peranan Symbicort pada Kontrol Asma
Jangka Panjang
Kesimpulan
Asma pada Anak dan Risiko
4 Zhao J, National Parents of Asthmatic Children KAP Project Team. Asthma control status in children and related factors in 29 cities of China. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2013;51(2):90-5.
Pasien Asma Selama periode 12 bulan :
Studi dilakukan di 29 provinsi di China. 2960 orang tua dengan anak yang berusia 0-14 tahun yang didiagnosa asma maksimal pada 3 bulan lalu dan telah menerima pengobatan maksimal 12 bulan diberikan kuesioner mengenai pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan terkait
asma. Subjek dibagi dalam kelompok asma dan control (anak tidak menderita asma). Dilakukan Analisa Multivariat terhadap jawaban kuesioner
Definisi Asma
5
 Asma merupakan penyakit saluran respiratori dengan dasar inflamasi kronik yang
mengakibatkan obstruksi dan hiperreaktivitas saluran respiratori dengan derajat
bervariasi.1
Patologi saluran napas normal dan
pasien asma2
 Batuk
 Wheezing
 Sesak napas
Referensi ; 1. IDAI. Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak 2016; 2. Patologi saluran nafas normal dan pasien asma http://nursingbegin.com/asuhan-keperawatan-pada-
klien-asma/ diakses pada tanggal 13 desember 2018
3 gejala utama pada pasien
asma akut1:
Asma Eksaserbasi
6
Asma eksaserbasi adalah episode peningkatan progresif dari sesak napas,
batuk, mengi, atau dada terasa berat dan penurunan fungsi paru yang
progresif.1
Inflamasi dan hiperresponsivitas
bronkial mendasari gejala asma
dan eksaserbasi3
Referensi ; 1. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. 2019. Tersedia di: http://www.ginasthma.org/. 2. Barnes, P.J. Asthma mechanisms. Africa Health.
2016 p 21-27. 3. Currie, GP., Therapeutic modulation of allergic airways disease with leukotriene receptor antagonists., Q J Med 2005; 98: 171-182
Inflamasi
Saluran Pernapasan
Obstruksi
Saluran Pernapasan
Hiperesponsif
Bronkial
Gejala & eksaserbasi
Pada asma eksaserbasi terjadi bronkokonstriksi, vasodilatasi, eksudasi plasma
dan hipersekresi mukus2
7
Mengapa
vasodilatasi menjadi
hal yang penting
untuk diperhatikan?
Vasodilatasi akan meningkatkan ketebalan lapisan
mukosa saluran napas
mempersempit jalan napas dan meningkatkan
kekakuan dinding saluran pernapasan
Tracheobronchial vasculature, British Medical Bulletin, Volume 48, Issue 1, 1992, Pages 108–119,
Referensi gambar: www.scientificanimations.com - http://www.scientificanimations.com/wiki-images/, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=78051968
Pembuluh darah normal
Pembuluh darah yang
mengalami Vasodilatasi
Designed by freepik
Patofisiologi Asma Akut (Serangan Asma)
Rekomendasi UKK Respirologi IDAI
Pada Tata Laksana Asma Akut (Saat Serangan) Tahun 2019
SABA + kortikosteroid sistemik
atau
SABA+ kortikosteroid inhalasi
dosis tinggi.
Asma Serangan Ringan –
Sedang*
• SABA + antikolinergik +
kortikosteroid sistemik intravena.
• Jika setelah terapi tidak ada
perbaikan, maka selanjutnya ditambah
dengan kortikosteroid inhalasi dosis
tinggi.
Asma Serangan Berat
SABA + antikolinergik +
kortikosteroid sistemik intravena
+ kortikosteroid inhalasi dosis
tinggi.
Asma dengan ancaman henti
napas
 Kortikosteroid inhalasi dosis tinggi sebagai pereda bekerja melalui efek vasokonstriksi.
 Dengan pemberian kortikosteroid inhalasi ini efek samping sistemik berkurang signifikan.
 Kortikosteroid nebulisasi diberikan bersama SABA atau SABA plus ipratropium bromida, dalam satu nebulisasi (disatukan)
Referensi: IDAI. Buku Rekomendasi Terapi Inhalasi Pada Anak. 2019
Keterangan:
*Rekomendasi anak diatas 5 tahun
Untuk anak balita, jika menunjukkan perbaikan klinis setelah terapi dengan inhalasi SABA, kortikosteroid tidak perlu diberikan.
Kortikosteroid sebagai pereda; SABA: short-acting ꞵ2 (beta2) agonist
Pemberian Kortikosteroid Inhalasi Dosis tinggi direkomendasikan pada semua tingkat keparahan asma akut
9
Kortikosteroid Inhalasi (ICS) Dosis Tinggi Memiliki Onset Kerja Cepat vs.
Kortikosteroid Sistemik
1. Rodrigo J Gustavo. Rapid Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids in Acute Asthma :An Evidence-Based Evaluation. CHEST; 2006; 130:1301-1311
2. Horvath G, Wanner A. Inhaled corticosteroids: effects on the airway vasculature in bronchial asthma. Eur Respir J; 2006; 27(1):172-187.
Kortikosteroid Sistemik
(Oral atau injeksi)
ICS Dosis tinggi
Mekanisme Kerja
Onset Kerja
Bekerja melalui mekanisme genomik
sebagai anti inflamasi 1
Onset lambat
>4 jam 1
Bekerja Melalui 2 mekanisme 2:
• Genomik sebagai antiinflamasi
• Non-genomik sebagai
Vasokonstriktor
Onset Cepat
Detik – menit melalui mekanisme
non-genomik 2
Designed by freepik
10
Rodrigo J Gustavo. Rapid Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids in Acute Asthma :An Evidence-Based Evaluation. CHEST; 2006; 130:1301-1311.
• Meta Analisis 17 randomize control trial
• Total 1.133 pasien asma eksaserbasi sedang – berat di UGD*
• Membandingkan pasien yang diberi ICS dosis tinggi vs. Plasebo, ICS dosis tinggi vs. SCS, ICS dosis tinggi +SCS vs SCS
• ICS yang digunakan adalah Budesonide, beclomethasone, dexamethasone, flunisolide, fluticasone, triamcinalon
Pemberian ICS dosis tinggi secara berulang pada pasien serangan asma memberikan
efek yang cepat
Pada 1-2 Jam Pada 2-3 Jam
Skor Gejala Asma
signifikan
Vs. Plasebo dan kortikosteroid
sistemik
4.7 X
pasien yang dipulangkan
Vs. Plasebo dan kortikosteroid
sistemik
70%
Tingkat hospitalisasi
Vs. Plasebo
11
Serangan Asma dengan Strategi
1-2-4*
1-2 mg Pulmicort® setiap nebulisasi, dosis
maksimal 4 mg per hari
Referensi:
1. Produk informasi Pulmicort nop 2017
• Anak usia 3 bulan-12 tahun : 0,5 – 1,0 mg dua kali sehari, maksimal 2mg
• Anak usia >12 tahun-dewasa : 1,0 – 2,0 mg dua kali sehari, maksimal 4 mg
Pulmicort® respules memiliki waktu disolusi yang lebih cepat dengan
efek vasokonstriksi yang lebih kuat dibandingkan flutikason
12 1. Edsbacker S et al. Airway Selectivity: An Update of Pharmacokinetic Factors Affecting Local and Systemic Disposition of Inhaled Steroids. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2006; 98(6):523-536
2. Mendes ES et al., Comparative bronchial vsasoconstrictive efficacy of inhaled glucocorticosteroids. Eur Respir J 2003;21:989–993, n=10.
Waktu disolusi Pulmicort®
>80 X
Lebih cepat dibandingkan flutikason
Efek vasokonstriksi Pulmicort®
42%
Lebih kuat dibandingkan flutikason
Tidak ada signifiikansi data
Perbedaan nilai vasokonstriksi tidak mencerminkan
efikasi klinis
Based on the EC 20 ug value (effective concentration that causes a
20% decrease in airway blood flow from baseline) at 30 minutes
1,2
2
13
Lanjutkan Pemberian Terapi Pulmicort® pada pasien yang dirawat inap
Referensi; Razi et al. The Addition of Inhaled Budesonide to Standard Therapy Shortens the Length of Stay in Hospital for Asthmatic Preschool Children: A Randomized, Double-Blind,
Placebo-Controlled Trial Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015;166:297–303
Terapi standar eksaserbasi
• 1 mg/kg/day intravenous (i.v.) methylprednisolone for up to 5 days
• 0.15 mg/kg of salbutamol (Ventolin ® ) nebula every 4 h
• Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent ® ) 250 μg every 6 h for 2 days
• Children with a peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) ≤ 92% received oxygen treatment
p = 0.01
Pulmicort + terapi standar
44 80
Plasebo + terapi standar
Pemberian Pulmicort® +
terapi standar
45%
durasi rawat inap vs. terapi
standar saja
Penelitian di 1 center, acak, buta ganda, paralel menggunakan kontrol plasebo. Pasien anak usia 7-72 bulan dengan
eksaserbasi asma yang dirawat di rumah sakit, clinical asthma score (CAS) antara 3 and 9 diacak untuk mendapatkan
inhalasi Pulmicort Respules® 2 mg/hari (n = 50) atau plasebo (n = 50) sebagai tambahan pada terapi asma standard yang
meliputi methylprednisolone IV 1 mg/kg/hari, 0.15 mg/kg salbutamol nebulisasi dan ipratropium bromide 250 mcg.
Lama perawatan di rumah sakit dibandingkan antara kelompok budesonide (1mg/2mL) versus plasebo (normal sterile
saline 2mL).
GINA 2020: Durasi penggunaan ICS untuk pasien anak* selama fase akut asma adalah 5-10 hari
Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ICS dosis tinggi (1600 μg/hari)
selama 5-10 hari dapat menurunkan penggunaan kortikosteroid oral
Global Initiative for asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginasthma.org
Berapa lama pemberian ICS dosis tinggi pada pasien asma akut anak?
*usia 5 tahun kebawah
15
Pulmicort® Respules 2 mg/hari selama fase asma akut menunjukkan efektivitas yang sama
dengan Kortikosteroid sistemik tanpa menurunkan kadar kortisol
Reference: 1. Saito, et al. High-dose nebulized budesonide is effective for mild asthma exacerbations in children under 3 years of age. 2017. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol Vol 49, N1, 22-27;
0 1 2 3 4 5
Penggunaan steroid
Jumlah hari hingga mengi menghilang
Total hari menggunakan oksigen
Prednisolone IV Nebulisasi Budesonide
Efikasi Keamanan
• Pulmicort® respules tidak menurunkan kadar
kortisol sedangkan kortikosteroid sistemik
signifikan menurunkan kadar serum kortisol
sebesar 36,6%
Studi dilakukan pada pasien eksaserbasi ringan <3 tahun yang memiliki gejala mengi. Pasien dirandomisasi dan diterapi dengan nebulisasi budesonide dosis tinggi (1mg/dosis, 2 kali sehari) atau intravena prednisolone
(0,5mg/kg,3 kali sehari). Penggunaan obat dikurangi secara berkala setelah gejala mengi berkurang.
Pemberian Kortikosteroid Oral Jangka Pendek yang diberikan Berulang meningkatkan
Risiko Fraktur 1
1. Van Staa, TP, et.al Children and the Risk of Fractures Caused by Oral Corticosteroids. 2003. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. Vol 18 No.5, 2003 ; 2. IDAI. Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak 2016
32% Pasien anak yang mendapatkan kortikosteroid
oral jangka pendek ≥4 kali pengulangan
meningkatkan resiko fraktur 1
(OR 1.32, 95%Cl: 1.03-1.69)
Dosis oral kortikosteroid : 30 mg atau lebih. Rata-rata durasi terapi 6,4 hari (median 5 hari)
Case controlled analysis pada catatan medis dari dokter umum di Inggris (dari General Practice Research Database) digunakan untuk memperkirakan tingkat kejadian patah tulang anak-anak usia 4-17 tahun
kortikosteroid oral (n 37.562) dan anak-anak kontrol yang menggunakan kortikosteroid nonsistemik (n 345.748).
Peringatan Pemberian Kortikosteroid sistemik
berdasarkan PNAA 2016 2
Hati-hati bila dalam 1 bulan terakhir pasien sudah mendapatkan steroid
oral/sistemik
17
Mist Study
Penggunaan Pulmicort dosis rendah sebagai maintenance vs Pulmicort dosis tinggi selama 7 Hari
Kriteria Pasien:
• 278 subjek, usia 12-53 bulan, skor API positif (Asthma Predictive Index)
• Episode mengi berulang (minimal 4 kali atau 3 episode mengi dan penggunaan kontroler >3 bulan pada tahun
sebelumnya)
• Kunjungan ke UGD atau menggunakan Kortikosteroid oral sedikitnya satu kali pada tahun sebelumnya
• Pulmicort dosis rendah : 0,5 mg per hari selama 1 tahun
• Pulmicort dosis tinggi : 2 mg/hari selama 7 hari saat ada simptom respiratori
Desain Penelitian
Zeiger et al.Daily or intermittent budesonide in preschool children with recurrent wheezing. N Eng J Med.. 2011 : 365(21)1990-2001
Kelompok Randomisasi
Fase terapi: 52 minggu
Saat tidak ada simptom respiratori
Saat terjadi symptom respiratori
(Pemberian obat selama 7 hari)
Pulmicort dosis rendah maintenance
Pulmicort 0.5 mg setiap malam
hari
Plasebo (pagi)
Pulmicort 0.5 mg (malam)
Pulmicort Dosis Tinggi Plasebo
Pulmicort 1 mg (pagi)
Pulmicort 1 mg (malam)
18
Hasil pengamatan setelah 1 tahun penelitian
Hasil
Pulmicort dosis tinggi
(1mg,dua kali sehari,se
lama 7 hari)
Pulmicort dosis rendah
(maintenance)
Efek terapi
Angka kejadian/orang-tahun (95%Cl) Relatif Rate (95% CI)
Jumlah treatment untuk penanganan
symptom respiratori
3,61 (3,13-4,16) 3,27 (2,82-3,79) 1,10 (0,91 -1,35)
Jumlah kunjungan darurat ke RS
karena asma
2,37 (1,89-2,97) 2,40 (1,91 -3,02) 0,99 (0,72-1,35)
Jumlah hari absen kerja, sekolah,
atau day care)
2,72 (2,00-3,70) 3,02 (2,22-4,12) 0,90 (0,59 – 1,37)
Zeiger et al.Daily or intermittent budesonide in preschool children with recurrent wheezing. N Eng J Med.. 2011 : 365(21)1990-2001
Efikasi Budesonide dosis rendah harian selama 1 tahun tidak berbeda
secara signifikan dengan Budesonide dosis tinggi selama 7 hari dalam
mengurangi kejadian asma eksaserbasi
Mist Study
Penggunaan Pulmicort dosis rendah sebagai maintenance vs Pulmicort dosis tinggi selama 7 Hari
Nebulisasi kortikosteroid efektif untuk asma akut dan asma jangka panjang
untuk anak ≤ 5 tahun
Terapi nebulisasi efektif dan mudah digunakan
Pada akut asma, penambahan nebulisasi kortikosteroid meningkatkan hasil terapi
Pada terapi maintenance, nebulisasi budesonide superior dibandingkan terapi ICS
menggunakan pMDI
Penggunaan kortikosteroid inhalasi intermiten dosis tinggi pada wheezing yang dipicu virus
sama efektifnya dengan pemberian ICS setiap hari; dan mengurangi penggunaan Kortikosteroid
oral
Murpohy et al. Nebulized Inhaled Corticosteroids in Asthma Treatnent in Children 5 years or younger: A Systematic Review and Global Expert Analysis. 2020. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract; 8(6): 1815-1827
20
• Sampaikan kepada pasien, atau otau orang
tua pasien atau penjaga, bahwa mereka dapat
melanjutkan untuk menggunakan nebulizer
mereka. Hal ini disebabkan aerosol berasasl
dari cairan dari nebulizer (nebulizer chamber)
dan tidak akan membawa partikel virus dari
pasien. Temukan informasi lebih lanjut dari
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/w
uhan-novel-coronavirus-infection-prevention-
and-control
Terapi Nebulisasi di Rumah
Jika pasien COVID-19 atau suspek COVID-19
menggunakan nebulizer di rumah :
• Nebulisasi albuterol harus berada di lokasi
yang meminimalkan paparan terhadap
anggota rumah tangga yang tidak terinfeksi.
• Lokasi dapat mencakup di luar di teras/
teras/ garasi, di mana udara tidak
disirkulasikan kembali ke rumah dan
permukaan yang mungkin terpapar dapat
lebih mudah dibersihkan (atau mungkin tidak
perlu dibersihkan)
1
2
1. National Institute for Health and Care Exellence (NICE). Covid 19 rapid guideline: severe asthma. April 2020. Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG166; 2. American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunologiy (ACAAI). Nebulizer use during
the COVID-19 Pandemic. 2020. Available at https://college.acaai.org/publications/college-insider/nebulizer-use-during-covid-19-pandemic.
NICE Merekomendasikan untuk
melanjutkan terapi nebulisasi di
rumah
Mudah digunakan
Meningkatkan kenyamanan pengobatan pada pasien
Mencegah infeksi silang/cross infection
Memudahkan pemberian treatment secara cepat saat terjadi gejala mengi,
untuk mencegah perburukan penyakit
Kunling S. et al.. Expert Consensus on nebulised ICS therapy in pediatric patients. J Clin Pediatr 2018;36(2):95-107
Benefit Nebulisasi di Rumah
Kesimpulan
 Kontrol asma meningkat seiring peningkatan
durasi treatment (nebulisasi di rumah)
 Tingginya kepatuhan dan kontrol asma yang
baik dapat disebabkan penggunaan nebulizer
yang simple dan lebih sedikit ‘user error’
dibandingkan Terapi dengan MDI atau DPI
Status kontrol
asma
Keparahan Asma pada kunjungan
pertama dan ke-empat
Zhao, D. et al. 2020. CARE: An Observational Study of Adherence to Home Nebulizer Therapy Amon Children with Asthma. Research Square
studi multicenter, prospektif, observasional pada 12 rumah sakit tersier di China selama 12 minggu. Pasien berusia 0-14 tahun, didiagnosa asma dan diresepkan nebulisasi ICS di rumah selama 3 bulan. Primary endpoint
penelitian adalah kepatuhan treatment asma. Pasien mengunjungi rumah sakitl pada minggu 0,4,8, dan 12 untuk menilai kontrol asma, keparahan asma dan kepatuhan treatment
Terapi nebulisasi di rumah efektif dan dapat direkomendasikan untuk terapi asma jangka
panjang pada pasien anak
Jumlah pasien dengan asma
terkontrol baik meningkat
Tingkat keparahan asma berkurang
setelah terapi nebulisasi
TINDAK LANJUT PADA PASIEN
setelah pasien pulang dari UGD
23
Pasien anak mengalami
serangan asma
Rujukan ke Rumah
sakit jika: memburuk,
eksaserbasi berat,
atau ancaman henti
napas
Follow up
- Obat PEREDA (reliever)
jika diperlukan
- Obat PENGENDALI
(controller)
- Evaluasi faktor resiko
Pasien anak
kembali ke rumah
IDAI. Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak 2016
IDAI. Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak 2016
ICS/LABA
ICS
TATALAKSANA ASMA JANGKA PANJANG UNTUK ANAK USIA >5 TAHUN
BERDASARKAN PNAA 2016
“Kombinasi ICS/LABA
disarankan untuk
pasien anak dengan
asma persisten sedang
dan berat (step 3 & 4)”
PENGONTROL
PILIHAN UTAMA
Untuk mencegah eksaserbasi
dan mengontrol gejala
Pengontrol
pilihan lain
PELEGA
Dosis rendah ICS
digunakan saat
menggunakan
SABA*; atau ICS
dosis rendah harian
Dosis rendah Inhalasi kortikosteroid (ICS)
(lihat table range dosis ICS untuk anak)
STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
STEP 4
STEP 5
Leukotriene receptor antagonist (LRTA) harian,
atau ICS dosis rendah kapanpun saat SABA
digunakan *
ICS dosis
rendah + LABA
atau ICS dosis
sedang
ICS dosis
sedang + LABA
Rujuk untuk
saran ahli
Rujuk untuk
penilaian
fenotif ±
terapi
tambahan,
misalnya anti-
IgE
Dosis rendah
ICS + LTRA
Dosis tinggi ICS-
LABA, atau
tambahkan
tiotropium, atau
tambahkan LTRA
Tambah anti-IL5,
atau tambah dosis
rendah OCS, tapi
pertimbangkan
efek samping
Short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) jika diperlukan
* ICS dan SABA inhaler terpisah
ICS: inhaled kortikosteroid; LABA: Long-acting beta2-agonist; LTRA: leukotriene receptor antagonist; OCS: oral kortikosteroid; SABA: short-acting beta2-agonist
Gejala <2
kali/bulan
Mulai dari
sini jika
Gejala ≥ 2
kali/bulan,
tapi tidak
setiap hari
Gejala hampir
setiap hari,
atau terbangun
karena asma
≥ 1 kali/minggu
Gejala hampir
setiap hari, atau
terbangun
karena asma ≥
1 kali/minggu,
atau penurunan
fungsi paru
OCS jangka pendek
mungkin juga
dibutuhkan pada
pasien asma yang
sangat tidak
terkontrol
Penilaian
Konfirmasi diagnosis
Kontrol gejala dan faktor risiko yang bisa
dimodifikasi (termasuk fungsi paru)
Penyakit Penyerta
Teknik inhaler dan kepatuhan
Pilihan pasien dan tujuan
Suggested Initial Controller Treatment in Children Aged 6 – 11 Years With Diagnosis of Asthma
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginashtma.org
NEW GINA 2020 TREATMENT RECOMMENDATION
Konfirmasi diagnosis bila diperlukan
Kontrol gejala dan faktor resiko yang
dapat dimodifikasi (termasuk fungsi paru)
Penyakit pernyerta
Teknik penggunaan inhaler & kepatuhan
Tujuan anak dan orang tua
Penatalaksanaan faktor risiko yang dapat
dimodifikasi dan penyakit penyerta
Stategi non-farmakologi
Obat asma (Disesuaikan penurunan atau
peningkatan dosis)
Edukasi dan latihan ketrampilan
Gejala
Eksaserbasi
Efek samping
Fungsi paru
Kepuasan anak & orang tua
Personalisasi Manajemen Asma:
Menilai, Menyesuaikan, Meninjau Respon
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginashtma.org
MENGAPA MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI ICS DENGAN LABA?
Glucocorticoid
receptor
ß2-Adrenoceptor
• Efek kortikosteroid terhadap ß2-agonist reseptor
Corticosteroid
Anti-inflammatory effect
• Efek ß2-agonist terhadap kortikosteroid
ß2-Agonist
Bronchodilatation
+
+
Barnes PJ. Scientific rationale for inhaled combination therapy with long-acting b2-agonists and corticosteroids Eur Respir J 2002;19:182-91
Kortikosteroid meningkatkan
ekspresi β2-receptor dan
mencegah terjadinya down-
regulation akibat pemakaian
jangka panjang β2-agonis
Scan QR code
Video Cara Pakai Turbuhaler
versi Bahasa Indonesia
Atau kunjungi situs:
www.symbicort-id.com
SYMBICORT® sebagai terapi PELEGA dengan PENGOTROL dalam SATU inhaler
Mengandung:
- Bronkodilator sebagai PELEGA
Formoterol  LABA fast onset
- Antiinflamasi sebagai PENGONTROL
Budesonide  Inhalasi kortikosteroid
SABA
TIDAK diperlukan
reliever/SABA terpisah
Symbicort Product Information BPOM-RI 2017
Formoterol merupakan golongan LABA dengan onset cepat
Awitan
(Onset Kerja)
Durasi
(Lama Kerja)
Contoh Obat Golongan Agonis β2
Cepat (Rapid) Singkat (Short)
Fenoterol
SABA
Procaterol
Salbutamol (Albuterol)
Terbutaline
Cepat (Rapid) Lama /panjang (Long) FORMOTEROL LABA with rapid onset
Lambat (Slow)
Lama /panjang (Long)
SALMETEROL LABA
Referensi: Pedoman Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Asma di Indonesia PDPI 2019
Budesonide/Formoterol sebagai PELEGA
bekerja secepat dan seefektif Salbutamol
4.5 mcg formoterol ~ 200 mcg Salbutamol
Menit setelah penggunaan obat
FEV1
(%
D
from
baseline)
–5 0 30 60 90 120
5
15
25
35
45
150 180
NS
Budesonide/Formoterol
1280/36 µg (n = 55)
Salbutamol 1600 µg
(n= 48)
Formoterol adalah Long Acting β2-
agonis fast onset yang bekerja
SECEPAT Salbutamol
Balanag VM, et al. Efficacy & Safety of Budesonide/Formoterol compared with Salbutamol in the Treatment of Acute Asthma. Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics; 2006;19:139–147.
Studi acak, double-blind, kelompok paralel ini, pasien (n = 103) pasien yang
mengalami asma akut (rata-rata FEV1 43% dari prediksi) menerima dua dosis
berulang pada t = -5 dan 0 menit baik budesonide/formoterol (320/9 mcg, dua
inhalasi) atau salbutamol (100 mcg x delapan inhalasi); dosis total 1280/36 mcg
dan 1600 mcg, masing-masing
Pemberian Symbicort® sebagai PENGONTROL & PELEGA untuk pasien anak
menurunkan resiko eksaserbasi 66% lebih efektif dibandingkan ICS/LABA + SABA dan
55% dibandingkan ICS + SABA
Symbicort pengontrol dan pelega vs Symbicort + SABA P<0.001
Symbicort pengontrol dan pelega vs budesonide + SABA P=0.02
Symbicort + SABA vs budesonide + SABA P=0.12
Bisgaard, Hans, MD., et al. Budesonide/Formoterol Maintenance plus Reliever Therapy: A new Strategy in pediatric asthma; Chest; 2006 130 (6): 1733-1743
Pasien anak dengan Symbicort® sebagai pengontrol sekaligus pelega signifikan tumbuh lebih tinggi
dibandingkan pasien dengan ICS + SABA (P=0.0054) dan tidak ada perbedaan dengan kelompok pasien
ICS/LABA+SABA
Bisgaard, Hans, MD., et al. Budesonide/Formoterol Maintenance plus Reliever Therapy: A new Strategy in pediatric asthma; Chest; 2006 130 (6): 1733-1743
KEKELIRUAN PADA TATA LAKSANA JANGKA PANJANG
1. Penggunaan bronkodilator kerja pendek (SABA) sebagai pengendali
2. Obat asma dalam bentuk inhalasi berbahaya
3. Pemakaian obat asma jangka panjang berbahaya
4. Obat asma menyebabkan ketergantungan
5. Steroid oral sebagai pengendali
Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak. Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. 2016 (p98-100)
Kesimpulan
• ICS dosis tinggi telah direkomendasikan pada tatalaksana asma akut anak pada semua tingkat keparahan1.
• Nebulisasi kortikosteroid efektif untuk2
 Treatment asma akut
 Treatment asma jangka panjang usia 5 tahun atau lebih muda
 Treatment mengi yang diinduksi virus. Intermitent nebulisasi ICS dosis tinggi memiliki efikasi yang
setara dengan terapi ICS harian dan dapat mengurangi paparan pasien terhadap kortikosteroid
• Nebulisasi di rumah meningkatkan kenyamanan terapi asma pada anak.3
• Tingginya kepatuhan dan kontrol asma yang baik dapat disebabkan penggunaan nebulizer yang simple dan
lebih sedikit ‘user error’ dibandingkan Terapi dengan MDI atau DPI.4
• Tatalaksana farmakoterapi untuk anak diatas 5 tahun dengan asma persisten sedang dan persisten berat
adalah dengan pemberian ICS/LABA 5
• Budesonide/Formoterol adalah kombinasi ICS/LABA yang dapat diberikan pagi/sore dan as needed
(pengontrol sekaligus Pereda, tanpa perlu SABA tambahan) untuk anak 6 tahun ke atas 6
1. IDAI. Buku Rekomendasi Terapi Inhalasi Pada Anak. 2019; 2. Murphy et al. Nebulized Inhaled Corticosteroids in Asthma Treatnent in Children 5 years or younger: A Systematic Review and Global Expert Analysis. 2020. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract; 8(6): 1815-1827 ; 3.
Kunling S. et al.. Expert Consensus on nebulised ICS therapy in pediatric patients. J Clin Pediatr 2018;36(2):95-107; 4. Zhao, D. et al. 2020. CARE: An Observational Study of Adherence to Home Nebulizer Therapy Amon Children with Asthma.
Research Square; 5. IDAI. Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak 2016 ; 6. Symbicort ® BPOM Product Information 2017
35
Terima Kasih
Presentasi Produk
MR:
Pulmicort® tersedia di BPJS Kesehatan
37
 Pulmicort® respules (budesonide) terdapat dalam 2 sediaan: 0,5 mg/mL dan
0,25 mg/mL dalam 2 mL sediaan dan tersedia di BPJS dan dapat diberikan
hingga 5 hari
KEPUTUSAN MENTERI KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR HK.01.07/MENKES/659/2017 tentang Formularium Nasional
Pemberian Pulmicort
38
 Saat serangan asma (Product Information,2017) 2
1-2 mg Pulmicort® setiap nebulisasi, dosis maksimal 4 mg per hari
 Pasien asma akut setelah serangan (Saito,2017) 3 :
1 mg Pulmicort setiap nebulisasi, 2 kali sehari selama 5 hari pemberian
1. Zeiger et al.Daily or intermittent budesonide in preschool children with recurrent wheezing. N Eng J Med.. 2011 : 365(21)1990-2001
2. Produk informasi Pulmicort nop 2017
3. Saito, et al. High-dose nebulized budesonide is effective for mild asthma exacerbations in children under 3 years of age. 2017. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol Vol 49, N1, 22-27;
 Pasien asma dengan gejala (fase akut) (Zeiger (2015) 1 :
1 mg Pulmicort setiap nebulisasi, 2 kali sehari selama 7 hari pemberian
Prosedur Penggunaan Pulmicort
39
Lepaskan satu respul pulmicort Kocok respul Putar Bagian atas respul Masukkan cairan respul ke
dalam reservoir
Hanya gunakan Jet/Kompressor Nebuliser1
Bersihkan wajah dan berkumur dengan air untuk membersihkan mulut dari sisa obat
nebulisasi1
Pulmicort dapat dicampur dengan obat nebulisasi lainnya, seperti Terbutaline, Salbutamol,
Ipratropium Bromida, Acetylcysteine dan Fenoterol1,2
1. Produk informasi Pulmicort nop 2017; 2. Kamin W, et, al. Inhalation solutions - which one are allowed to be mixed Physico-chemical compatibility of drug solutions in nebulizers. Journal of Cystic
Fibrosis; 2006; 5; 205-213.
Sediaan Symbicort Turbuhaler1
• Symbicort 80/4.5 (60 dosis)
• Symbicort 160/4.5 (60 dosis)
• Symbicort 160/4.5 (120 dosis)
Ref: 1. Symbicort Turbuhaler Product Information BPOM-RI 2020; 2. Symbicort Rapihaler Product Information BPOM-RI 2020; 3. Morice et al. Efficacy and safety of a new pressurised metered-dose inhaler formulation of budesonide/formoterol in children with
asthma: A superiority and therapeutic equivalence study. Pulm Phar & Ther 21. 2008. 152-159;
Sediaan Symbicort Rapihaler (pMDI)2
• Symbicort 80/4.5 (120 dosis)
• Symbicort 160/4.5 (120 dosis)
“Symbicort Rapihaler (pMDI) & Symbicort turbuhaler
(DPI) memiliki efek terapi yang setaradan ditoleransi
dengan baik oleh pasien anak3”
SYMBICORT kini tersedia dalam bentuk TURBUHALER & RAPIHALER,
sebagai alternatif pilihan bagi pasien
Ref: 1. Product Information Symbicort Turbuhaler 2020; 2. Product Information Symbicort Rapihaler 2020
Dosis Symbicort 80/4.5 mcg untuk Pasien Anak
Cara Pakai Symbicort Turbuhaler & Rapihaler
Buka dan lepaskan
penutup turbuhaler1
Pastikan turbuhaler tegak lurus dan
putar satu arah, lalu putar kembali
ke arah yang berlawanan hingga
terdengar bunyi ‘klik’1
hisap1
Tutup kembali1
Video Lengkap Cara Pakai
Symbicort Turbuhaler versi
Bahasa Indonesia dapat
dilihat pada link ini:
www.symbicort-id.com
Ref: 1. Symbicort Turbuhaler Product Information BPOM-RI 2020; 2. Symbicort Rapihaler Product Information BPOM-RI 2020
Klik!
Symbicort® Turbuhaler & Rapihaler Abbreviated Prescribing Information
SYMBICORT RAPIHALER (budesonide and formoterol); suspension pressurised inhalation 80/4.5 mcg/dose and 160/4.5 mcg/dose (delivered dose). See local Prescribing Information for full details prior to prescribing – Prescribing Information may vary from country to
country. SYMBICORT TURBUHALER (Budesonide and formoterol); Inhalation Powder 80/4.5 mcg/dose and 160/4.5 mcg/dose (delivered dose). See local Prescribing Information for full details prior to prescribing – Prescribing Information may vary from country to country.
Indication: Asthma (SYMBICORT RAPIHALER and SYMBICORT TURBUHALER 80/4.5 and 160/4.5 mcg/inhalation): For regular treatment of asthma where use of a combination (inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta2-agonist) is appropriate: patients not adequately
controlled with inhaled corticosteroids and “as needed” inhaled short-acting beta2- agonists, or patients already adequately controlled on both inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta2-agonists. 160/4.5 mcg/inhalation: Symbicort is indicated in adults and adolescents
(aged 12 years and older) for the treatment of asthma to relieve symptoms and the reduction of the risk of exacerbations, where the use of inhaled corticosteroids is appropriate. COPD (SYMBICORT RAPIHALER and SYMBICORT TURBUHALER 160/4.5 mcg/inhalation):
Symptomatic treatment of patients with severe COPD (FEV1 ≤ 50% predicted normal) and a history of repeated exacerbations, who have significant symptoms despite regular therapy with long-acting bronchodilators. SYMBICORT (80/4.5 mcg/inhalation) is not appropriate
in patients with severe asthma nor patients with COPD. Dosage: Asthma: there are 3 alternatives therapies: Anti-Inflammatory Therapy (Patients with Mild Disease): SYMBICORT TURBUHALER is taken as needed for the relief of asthma symptoms when they occur.
Patients should be advised to always have Symbicort available for relief of symptoms. Adults and adolescents (12 years and older): 160/4.5 mcg/inhalation: 1 inhalation as needed in response to symptoms. If symptoms persist after a few minutes, an additional inhalation
should be taken. Not more than 6 inhalations should be taken on any single occasion. A total daily dose of more than 8 inhalations is not normally needed; however, a total daily dose of up to 12 inhalations could be used for a limited period. Patients using more than 8
inhalations daily should be strongly recommended to seek medical advice. They should be reassessed and their asthma therapy should be reconsidered. Close monitoring for dose-related adverse effects is needed in patients who frequently take high numbers of Symbicort
as-needed inhalations. Maintenance and reliever therapy: SYMBICORT RAPIHALER and SYMBICORT TURBUHALER taken as both regular maintenance treatment, and as needed in response to symptoms without separate inhaler. Adults (≥12 years): 80/4.5 and 160/4.5
mcg/inhalation: 2 inhalations/day, (1 inhalation in the morning and evening or 2 inhalations either in the morning or evening). A maintenance dose of 2 inhalations twice daily may be appropriate (for 160/4.5 mcg/inhalation only). Children (≥6 years): 80/4.5
mcg/inhalation: 1 inhalation/day. Patients should take 1 additional inhalation as needed in response to symptoms. If symptoms persist after a few minutes, an additional inhalation should be taken. Not more than 6 inhalations (for adults & adolescents) and 4 inhalations
(for children) should be taken on any single occasion. Consider reassessment of therapy in patients using an increasing number of inhalations for symptom relief without improving asthma control within 2 weeks. A total daily dose >8 inhalations for adults and adolescents
(both strength) and 4 inhalations for children (for 80/4.5 mcg/inhalation) is not normally needed, however a total daily dose of up to 12 inhalations for adults and adolescents (both strength) and 8 inhalations for children (80/4.5 mcg/inhalation) could be used temporarily.
Maintenance therapy: SYMBICORT RAPIHALER and SYMBICORT TURBUHALER taken as regular maintenance treatment, with a separate rapid-acting bronchodilator as rescue. Patients should be advised to have their separate rapid-acting bronchodilator available for rescue
use at all times. Adults and Adolescents (≥12 years): 80/4.5 mcg/inhalation& 160/4.5 mcg/inhalation: 1-2 inhalations twice daily. Children (≥6 years): 80/4.5 mcg/inhalation: 2 inhalations twice daily. The dose should be titrated to the lowest dose at which effective control
of symptoms is maintained. COPD: Adults: 160/4.5 mcg/inhalation: 2 inhalations twice daily. Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to budesonide, formoterol or any of the excipients: SYMBICORT RAPIHALER (apaflurane (HFA 227), povidone K25 and macrogol (polyethylene
glycol) 1000). SYMBICORT TURBUHALER: inhaled lactose Warnings and precautions: SYMBICORT RAPIHALER – When long term treatment is discontinued, taper the dose, do not stop abruptly. Not for treating severe exacerbations. In higher than recommended dose,
possible systemic effects (depression of the HPA axis, reduction of bones density, cataract, glaucoma, and retardation of growth rate in children adolescents) may occur. Physicians should closely follow the growth of children and adolescents taking long-term
corticosteroids. Rinse mouth out with water after inhaling to minimize the risk of oropharyngeal candida infection. Potentially serious hypokalaemia may result. Caution is advised when eformoterol is administered to patients with severe cardiovascular disorders such as
ischaemic heart disease, tachyarrhythmias or severe heart failure. Special care is needed in patients with active or quiescent pulmonary tuberculosis, fungal and viral infections of the respiratory system. Extra blood glucose controls are initially recommended when diabetic
patients are commenced on eformoterol. During pregnancy, it should only be used when the benefits outweigh the potential risks, use the lowest effective dose. The effect of decreased liver and kidney function on the pharmacokinetics of eformoterol and budesonide are
not known. For the concomitant treatment with budesonide and eformoterol, no clinical data on exposed pregnancies are available. Budesonide is excreted in breast milk. However, due to the relatively low doses used via the inhalational route the amount of drug present
in the breast milk, if any, is likely to be low. SYMBICORT TURBUHALER – When long term treatment is discontinued, taper the dose, do not stop abruptly. Not for treating severe exacerbations. The patient must be advised to have their rescue inhaler available at all times &
reminded to take maintenance dose as prescribed even when asymptomatic. If paradoxical bronchospasm occur, discontinue treatment. Possible systemic effects (adrenal suppression, growth retardation in children and adolescents, decrease in bone mineral density,
cataract and glaucoma) may occur in long period treatment at high doses. It is recommended to regularly monitor the height of children receiving prolonged treatment. Rinse mouth out with water after inhaling to minimize the risk of oropharyngeal candida infection. Use
with caution in patients with thyrotoxicosis, phaeochromocytoma, untreated hypokalaemia, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, idiopathic subvalvular aortic stenosis, severe hypertension, aneurysm or other severe cardiovascular disorders, QTc-interval
prolongation, active or quiescent pulmonary tuberculosis, fungal and viral infections in the airways. Potentially serious hypokalaemia may result from high doses of beta2-agonists. Additional effect of hypokalaemia may happen in coadministration of beta2-agonists with
drugs which induce hypokalaemia. Additional blood glucose controls should be considered in diabetic patients. Increased risk of pneumonia in treatment of COPD. During pregnancy, it should only be used when the benefits outweigh the potential risks, use the lowest
effective dose. It is not known whether budesonide or formoterol passes into human milk. Interactions: SYMBICORT RAPIHALER – Inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g. ketoconazole) may increase systemic exposure to budesonide. Beta-receptor blocking agents, especially those that
are non-selective, may partially or totally inhibit the effect of beta2-agonists. Patients who have already received large doses of sympathomimetic amines should not be given eformoterol. Hypokalaemia may result from beta2-agonist therapy and may be potentiated by
concomitant treatment with xanthine derivates, mineralococrticosteroid, and diuretics. Caution is advised when eformoterol is administered to patients already taking MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, quinidine, disopyramide, procainamide, phenothiazines, or
antihistamines associated with QT-interval prolongation (e.g terfenadine, astemizole). SYMBICORT TURBUHALER – Concomitant use with potent inhibitors of CYP450 3A4 (e.g. itraconazole, ritonavir) can increase plasma levels of budesonide. Beta-adrenergic blockers can
inhibit the effect of formoterol. Concomitant use with quinidine, disopyramide, procainamide, phenothiazines, antihistamines (terfenadine), MAO inhibitors and tricyclic anti-depressants can prolong QTc-interval and increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias. In addition
L-dopa, L-thyroxine, oxytoxin and alcohol can impair cardiac tolerance towards beta2-sympathomimetics. Concomitant use with MAO inhibitors including furazolidone and procarbazine may precipitate hypertensive reactions. Elevated risk of arrhythmias in patients
receiving concomitant anaesthesia with halogenated hydrocarbons. Potentially additive effect in use with other beta-adrenergic drugs. Hypokalemia may increase the disposition towards arrhythmias in patients who are treated with digitalis glycosides. Undesirable effects:
Common (1% - 10%): Palpitations, candida infection in the oropharynx, headache, tremor, mild irritation in throat, coughing, hoarseness. Uncommon (0.1% - 1%): Tachycardia, nausea, muscle cramps, dizziness, agitation, restlessness, nervousness, sleep disturbances,
(SYMBICORT RAPIHALER diarrhoea, weight gain, including bad taste, thirst, tiredness, vision blurred.) Rare (0.01% - 0.1%): Cardiac arrhythmias e.g atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, extrasystoles, hypokalaemia, immediate and delayed hypersensitivity
reactions e.g. dermatitis, exanthema, urticaria, pruritus, angioedema and anaphylactic reaction, bronchospasm, skin bruising. Very rare (˂0.01%): Angina pectoris, signs or symptoms of systemic glucocorticoid effects, hyperglycaemia, depression, and behavioural
disturbances (SYMBICORT RAPIHALER variations in blood pressure). Packsize SYMBICORT RAPIHALER: • 1 RAPIHALER 160/4.5 mcg/dose, 120 doses (Reg. No.: DKI2004900268B1) • 1 RAPIHALER 80/4.5 mcg/dose, 120 doses (Reg. No.: DKI2004900268A1) SYMBICORT
TURBUHALER: • 1 TURBUHALER 160/4.5 mcg/dose, 60 doses (Reg. No.: DKI0251302067B1) • 1 TURBUHALER 160/4.5 mcg/dose, 120 doses (Reg. No.: DKI0251302067B1) • 1 TURBUHALER 80/4.5 mcg/dose, 60 doses (Reg. No.: DKI0251302067A1) HARUS DENGAN RESEP
DOKTER SYMBICORT RAPIHALER and SYMBICORT TURBUHALER are trademark of the AstraZeneca group of companies. Promomats ID : ID-2652 Date of preparation : October 22nd,; 2020 Date of expiry : October 22nd, 2022; Based on ANGEL Doc ID-004338490 & Doc ID-
004338495 (Approval date: August 6th 2020 Doc ID-003188417 & Doc ID-004338544 (Approval date: September 30th 2020)
PT AstraZeneca Indonesia
Arkadia Green Park, Tower F, Lantai 3
Jl. TB Simatupang Kav.88 Jakarta 12520, Indonesia
Tel: +62 21 299 79000 / +62 21 788 35777
Fax: +62 21 788 35666
For adverse event report,
Please contact: +62 812 1064 222
Or email: AE.Indonesia@astrazeneca.com
For Health Care Professionals Only
Pulmicort® Abbreviated Prescribing Information
Budesonide; PULMICORT® RESPULES® Sterile ;Nebulising suspension for inhalation 0.25 mg/ml & 0.5 mg/ml See local Prescribing Information for full details prior to prescribing – Prescribing
Information may vary from country to country.Presentation: White to off-white sterile nebuliser suspension in plastic single dose units. One single dose unit contains 0.5 mg or 1.0 mg budesonide per
2 mL.Indication: Treatment of bronchial asthma. Treatment of moderate to severe acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) in infants and children. Dosage: PULMICORT RESPULES should be
administered from a suitable nebuliser. The dose delivered to the patient varies between 40 – 60% of the nominal dose depending on the nebulising equipment used. The nebulisation time and the
dose delivered is dependent on flow rate, volume of nebuliser chamber and volume fill. A suitable fill for most nebulisers is 2-4 ml. Some sedimentation may occur during storage of PULMICORT
RESPULES. If this does not readily resuspend completely upon shaking, the RESPULE should be discarded. Bronchial Asthma Dosage initially or during periods of severe asthma or while reducing oral
corticosteroids: Adults & Children ≥12 years: 1 – 2 mg twice daily. Children 3 months - 12 years: 0.5 – 1 mg twice daily Maintenance: The maintenance dose should be individualized and should be the
lowest dose which keep the patient symptom-free. Recommended doses are: Adults: 0.5 – 1 mg twice daily. Children 3 months - 12 years: 0.25 – 0.5 mg twice daily. Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis
(Croup) In infants and children with croup the usual dose is 2 mg of nebulised budesonide given as a single administration of Pulmicort Respules. Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to budesonide or
any other ingredients. Warnings and precautions: PULMICORT is not indicated for rapid relief of bronchospasm and not suitable as sole therapy for status asthmaticus or other acute exacerbations of
asthma where intensive measures are required. The patient should seek medical advice if previous effective dosage regimen no longer gives the same relief. Particular care is needed in patients who
are being transferred from oral corticosteroids to PULMICORT since they may remain at risk of impaired adrenal function for some considerable time. Dose-dependent HPA axis suppression has been
observed. Bone mineral density measurement in children should be interpreted with caution. The growth of children taking glucocorticosteroids in long- term treatment should be monitored and the
benefits of the therapy weighed against the possibility of growth suppression. Decreased liver function may affect the ability to eliminate budesonide. Special care in patients with active or quiescent
pulmonary tuberculosis or fungal, bacterial or viral infections of the respiratory system. Respiratory drugs should not be used with positive pressure delivery systems in pulmonary conditions
involving pneumothorax, air cysts or mediastinal emphysema unless special drainage is performed. Inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g. ketoconazole and itraconazole) may increase systemic exposure to
PULMICORT. Interactions: Inhibitors of CYP3A4 (see warnings and precautions). Pregnancy and lactation: Administration during pregnancy should be avoided unless there are compelling reasons.
Budesonide is excreted in breast milk. However, at therapeutic doses of PULMICORT RESPULES no effects on the suckling child are anticipated. PULMICORT RESPULES can be used during breast
feeding. Undesirable effects: Common (>1%): hoarseness, sore, throat irritation, tongue and mouth irritation, dry mouth, oral candidiasis and cough. Uncommon (˂1%): larynx irritation, bad taste,
diarrhoea, nausea, immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions such as skin reactions (e.g. rash, dermatitis, urticaria), angioedema and bronchospasm, headache, lightheadedness, thirst,
tiredness, weight gain. Candida infection in the oropharynx. In rare cases signs or symptoms of systemic glucocorticosteroid effect, including hypofunction of the adrenal gland and reduction of growth
velocity, may occur. Possible systemic effects in higher than recommended doses include depression of the HPA axis, reduction of bone density and retardation of growth rate in children. Rare reports
of skin bruising. Psychiatric symptoms such as behavioural disturbances, nervousness, restlessness and depression. Facial skin irritation. Rarely, may provoke bronchoconstriction in hyperreactive
patients. Packsize: PULMICORT RESPULES 0.25 mg/ml: Box of 4 packs @ 5 respules @ 2 ml (Reg. No.: DKI1151302568A1) PULMICORT RESPULES 0.50 mg/ml: Box of 4 packs @ 5 respules @ 2 ml (Reg.
No.: DKI1151302568B1) HARUS DENGAN RESEP DOKTER Further information is available on request from: PT AstraZeneca Indonesia Perkantoran Hijau Arkadia Tower F, 3rd floor Jl. T.B. Simatupang
Kav. 88, Jakarta – 12520 Tel: +62 21 299 79 000 / +62 21 788 35 777 Fax: +62 21 788 35 666 For Adverse Event reporting please contact +628121064222 or email: AE.Indonesia@astrazeneca.com
PULMICORT and RESPULES are trademarks of the AstraZeneca group of the companies. Promomats ID : ID-2430; Date of preparation: 13th August 2020; Date of expiry : August 2022; Based on PLT:
Doc ID-004338524(Approval date 02nd August 2020)
PT AstraZeneca Indonesia
Arkadia Green Park, Tower F, Lantai 3
Jl. TB Simatupang Kav.88 Jakarta 12520, Indonesia
Tel: +62 21 299 79000 / +62 21 788 35777
Fax: +62 21 788 35666
For adverse event report,
Please contact: +62 812 1064 222
Or email: AE.Indonesia@astrazeneca.com
For Health Care Professionals Only

More Related Content

Similar to ID 5683, Asma Anak 2023.pptx

Bpd,nnf kerala,march 2019 - Dr Karthik Nagesh
Bpd,nnf kerala,march 2019 - Dr Karthik NageshBpd,nnf kerala,march 2019 - Dr Karthik Nagesh
Bpd,nnf kerala,march 2019 - Dr Karthik Nageshkarthiknagesh
 
The potential application of the traditional Chinese herb Exocarpium Citri gr...
The potential application of the traditional Chinese herb Exocarpium Citri gr...The potential application of the traditional Chinese herb Exocarpium Citri gr...
The potential application of the traditional Chinese herb Exocarpium Citri gr...LucyPi1
 
Bronchial thermoplasty
Bronchial thermoplastyBronchial thermoplasty
Bronchial thermoplastySowmya Shetty
 
Asthmatic patient in dental cliniic
Asthmatic patient in dental cliniicAsthmatic patient in dental cliniic
Asthmatic patient in dental cliniicDr.kritika singh
 
Asthmatic patient in dental cliniic
Asthmatic patient in dental cliniicAsthmatic patient in dental cliniic
Asthmatic patient in dental cliniicDr.kritika singh
 
Corticosteroids in critical conditions
Corticosteroids in critical conditionsCorticosteroids in critical conditions
Corticosteroids in critical conditionsAMITH SREEDHARAN
 
ASTHMA CHALLENGES FOR TRIPLE DRUG OUTCOMES BETTER OR NOT
ASTHMA CHALLENGES  FOR TRIPLE DRUG OUTCOMES BETTER OR NOTASTHMA CHALLENGES  FOR TRIPLE DRUG OUTCOMES BETTER OR NOT
ASTHMA CHALLENGES FOR TRIPLE DRUG OUTCOMES BETTER OR NOTdranimesharya
 
Safety a lungo termine della procedura di termoplastica bronchiale: i risulta...
Safety a lungo termine della procedura di termoplastica bronchiale: i risulta...Safety a lungo termine della procedura di termoplastica bronchiale: i risulta...
Safety a lungo termine della procedura di termoplastica bronchiale: i risulta...Merqurio
 
HAAD of Asthma in Children
HAAD of Asthma in ChildrenHAAD of Asthma in Children
HAAD of Asthma in ChildrenMatouk M Zbaeda
 
Inhaled steroids in acute asthma
Inhaled steroids in acute asthma Inhaled steroids in acute asthma
Inhaled steroids in acute asthma Dr.Mahmoud Abbas
 
Updates on Pharmaological Management of Asthma & COPD
Updates on Pharmaological Management of Asthma & COPDUpdates on Pharmaological Management of Asthma & COPD
Updates on Pharmaological Management of Asthma & COPDAshraf ElAdawy
 
Novel treatments for asthma: Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory agents.
Novel treatments for asthma: Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory agents.Novel treatments for asthma: Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory agents.
Novel treatments for asthma: Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory agents.pharmaindexing
 
Novel treatments for asthma corticosteroids and other anti inflammatory agents.
Novel treatments for asthma corticosteroids and other anti inflammatory agents.Novel treatments for asthma corticosteroids and other anti inflammatory agents.
Novel treatments for asthma corticosteroids and other anti inflammatory agents.pharmaindexing
 
FABA/ICS as S.O.S. in Mild Asthma
FABA/ICS as S.O.S. in Mild AsthmaFABA/ICS as S.O.S. in Mild Asthma
FABA/ICS as S.O.S. in Mild AsthmaAnkur Gupta
 

Similar to ID 5683, Asma Anak 2023.pptx (20)

ANTI-ASTHMATICS
ANTI-ASTHMATICSANTI-ASTHMATICS
ANTI-ASTHMATICS
 
Asthma medications 9
Asthma medications 9Asthma medications 9
Asthma medications 9
 
Bpd,nnf kerala,march 2019 - Dr Karthik Nagesh
Bpd,nnf kerala,march 2019 - Dr Karthik NageshBpd,nnf kerala,march 2019 - Dr Karthik Nagesh
Bpd,nnf kerala,march 2019 - Dr Karthik Nagesh
 
The potential application of the traditional Chinese herb Exocarpium Citri gr...
The potential application of the traditional Chinese herb Exocarpium Citri gr...The potential application of the traditional Chinese herb Exocarpium Citri gr...
The potential application of the traditional Chinese herb Exocarpium Citri gr...
 
Bronchial thermoplasty
Bronchial thermoplastyBronchial thermoplasty
Bronchial thermoplasty
 
Asthmatic patient in dental cliniic
Asthmatic patient in dental cliniicAsthmatic patient in dental cliniic
Asthmatic patient in dental cliniic
 
Asthmatic patient in dental cliniic
Asthmatic patient in dental cliniicAsthmatic patient in dental cliniic
Asthmatic patient in dental cliniic
 
Corticosteroids in critical conditions
Corticosteroids in critical conditionsCorticosteroids in critical conditions
Corticosteroids in critical conditions
 
ASTHMA CHALLENGES FOR TRIPLE DRUG OUTCOMES BETTER OR NOT
ASTHMA CHALLENGES  FOR TRIPLE DRUG OUTCOMES BETTER OR NOTASTHMA CHALLENGES  FOR TRIPLE DRUG OUTCOMES BETTER OR NOT
ASTHMA CHALLENGES FOR TRIPLE DRUG OUTCOMES BETTER OR NOT
 
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosisAllergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
 
Safety a lungo termine della procedura di termoplastica bronchiale: i risulta...
Safety a lungo termine della procedura di termoplastica bronchiale: i risulta...Safety a lungo termine della procedura di termoplastica bronchiale: i risulta...
Safety a lungo termine della procedura di termoplastica bronchiale: i risulta...
 
HAAD of Asthma in Children
HAAD of Asthma in ChildrenHAAD of Asthma in Children
HAAD of Asthma in Children
 
Inhaled steroids in acute asthma
Inhaled steroids in acute asthma Inhaled steroids in acute asthma
Inhaled steroids in acute asthma
 
Refractory asthma
Refractory asthmaRefractory asthma
Refractory asthma
 
Pharmacotherapy of bronchial asthma
Pharmacotherapy of bronchial asthmaPharmacotherapy of bronchial asthma
Pharmacotherapy of bronchial asthma
 
Approach to chronic cough
Approach to chronic coughApproach to chronic cough
Approach to chronic cough
 
Updates on Pharmaological Management of Asthma & COPD
Updates on Pharmaological Management of Asthma & COPDUpdates on Pharmaological Management of Asthma & COPD
Updates on Pharmaological Management of Asthma & COPD
 
Novel treatments for asthma: Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory agents.
Novel treatments for asthma: Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory agents.Novel treatments for asthma: Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory agents.
Novel treatments for asthma: Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory agents.
 
Novel treatments for asthma corticosteroids and other anti inflammatory agents.
Novel treatments for asthma corticosteroids and other anti inflammatory agents.Novel treatments for asthma corticosteroids and other anti inflammatory agents.
Novel treatments for asthma corticosteroids and other anti inflammatory agents.
 
FABA/ICS as S.O.S. in Mild Asthma
FABA/ICS as S.O.S. in Mild AsthmaFABA/ICS as S.O.S. in Mild Asthma
FABA/ICS as S.O.S. in Mild Asthma
 

Recently uploaded

Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...Dipal Arora
 
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile
 
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...Taniya Sharma
 
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any TimeTop Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any TimeCall Girls Delhi
 
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ Call Me For Gen...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ Call Me For Gen...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ Call Me For Gen...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ Call Me For Gen...narwatsonia7
 
All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...
All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...
All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...Arohi Goyal
 
Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...Dipal Arora
 
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...parulsinha
 
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore EscortsCall Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escortsvidya singh
 
Call Girls Faridabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Faridabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Faridabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Faridabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Lucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel room
Lucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel roomLucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel room
Lucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel roomdiscovermytutordmt
 
Russian Escorts Girls Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
Russian Escorts Girls  Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls DelhiRussian Escorts Girls  Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
Russian Escorts Girls Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls DelhiAlinaDevecerski
 
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...jageshsingh5554
 
Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...
Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...
Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...Dipal Arora
 
Best Rate (Guwahati ) Call Girls Guwahati ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Guwahati ) Call Girls Guwahati ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...Best Rate (Guwahati ) Call Girls Guwahati ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Guwahati ) Call Girls Guwahati ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...Dipal Arora
 
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Call Girls Bangalore Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Bangalore Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Bangalore Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Bangalore Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...
College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...
College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...perfect solution
 
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...aartirawatdelhi
 
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋  9256729539 🚀 Indore EscortsVIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋  9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escortsaditipandeya
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Bhubaneswar Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
 
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...
 
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
 
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any TimeTop Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
 
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ Call Me For Gen...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ Call Me For Gen...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ Call Me For Gen...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ Call Me For Gen...
 
All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...
All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...
All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...
 
Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
Call Girls Visakhapatnam Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Ava...
 
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
 
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore EscortsCall Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
 
Call Girls Faridabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Faridabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Faridabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Faridabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Lucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel room
Lucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel roomLucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel room
Lucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel room
 
Russian Escorts Girls Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
Russian Escorts Girls  Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls DelhiRussian Escorts Girls  Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
Russian Escorts Girls Nehru Place ZINATHI 🔝9711199012 ☪ 24/7 Call Girls Delhi
 
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
 
Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...
Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...
Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...
 
Best Rate (Guwahati ) Call Girls Guwahati ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Guwahati ) Call Girls Guwahati ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...Best Rate (Guwahati ) Call Girls Guwahati ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Guwahati ) Call Girls Guwahati ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
 
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Bangalore Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Bangalore Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Bangalore Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Bangalore Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...
College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...
College Call Girls in Haridwar 9667172968 Short 4000 Night 10000 Best call gi...
 
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
 
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋  9256729539 🚀 Indore EscortsVIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋  9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
 

ID 5683, Asma Anak 2023.pptx

  • 1. Tatalaksana Asma pada anak dan peranan Kortikosteroid Inhalasi ? Speaker: ID-5683 ED Juni 23
  • 2. DISCLAIMER • The meeting and material are organized and sponsored by PT. AstraZeneca Indonesia. • This is a promotional meeting. • The speaker in this meeting receive honoraria from PT. AstraZeneca Indonesia. • Pertemuan ilmiah dan materi dalam pertemuan ini diselenggarakan dan disponsori oleh PT. AstraZeneca Indonesia. • Pertemuan ilmiah ini adalah pertemuan yang bersifat promosi. • Pembicara dalam pertemuan ilmiah ini menerima honoraria dari PT. AstraZeneca Indonesia. 2
  • 3. Agenda Definisi dan Patologi Asma Peranan Pulmicort® Respules pada tatalaksana asma anak Peranan Symbicort pada Kontrol Asma Jangka Panjang Kesimpulan
  • 4. Asma pada Anak dan Risiko 4 Zhao J, National Parents of Asthmatic Children KAP Project Team. Asthma control status in children and related factors in 29 cities of China. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2013;51(2):90-5. Pasien Asma Selama periode 12 bulan : Studi dilakukan di 29 provinsi di China. 2960 orang tua dengan anak yang berusia 0-14 tahun yang didiagnosa asma maksimal pada 3 bulan lalu dan telah menerima pengobatan maksimal 12 bulan diberikan kuesioner mengenai pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan terkait asma. Subjek dibagi dalam kelompok asma dan control (anak tidak menderita asma). Dilakukan Analisa Multivariat terhadap jawaban kuesioner
  • 5. Definisi Asma 5  Asma merupakan penyakit saluran respiratori dengan dasar inflamasi kronik yang mengakibatkan obstruksi dan hiperreaktivitas saluran respiratori dengan derajat bervariasi.1 Patologi saluran napas normal dan pasien asma2  Batuk  Wheezing  Sesak napas Referensi ; 1. IDAI. Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak 2016; 2. Patologi saluran nafas normal dan pasien asma http://nursingbegin.com/asuhan-keperawatan-pada- klien-asma/ diakses pada tanggal 13 desember 2018 3 gejala utama pada pasien asma akut1:
  • 6. Asma Eksaserbasi 6 Asma eksaserbasi adalah episode peningkatan progresif dari sesak napas, batuk, mengi, atau dada terasa berat dan penurunan fungsi paru yang progresif.1 Inflamasi dan hiperresponsivitas bronkial mendasari gejala asma dan eksaserbasi3 Referensi ; 1. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. 2019. Tersedia di: http://www.ginasthma.org/. 2. Barnes, P.J. Asthma mechanisms. Africa Health. 2016 p 21-27. 3. Currie, GP., Therapeutic modulation of allergic airways disease with leukotriene receptor antagonists., Q J Med 2005; 98: 171-182 Inflamasi Saluran Pernapasan Obstruksi Saluran Pernapasan Hiperesponsif Bronkial Gejala & eksaserbasi Pada asma eksaserbasi terjadi bronkokonstriksi, vasodilatasi, eksudasi plasma dan hipersekresi mukus2
  • 7. 7 Mengapa vasodilatasi menjadi hal yang penting untuk diperhatikan? Vasodilatasi akan meningkatkan ketebalan lapisan mukosa saluran napas mempersempit jalan napas dan meningkatkan kekakuan dinding saluran pernapasan Tracheobronchial vasculature, British Medical Bulletin, Volume 48, Issue 1, 1992, Pages 108–119, Referensi gambar: www.scientificanimations.com - http://www.scientificanimations.com/wiki-images/, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=78051968 Pembuluh darah normal Pembuluh darah yang mengalami Vasodilatasi Designed by freepik Patofisiologi Asma Akut (Serangan Asma)
  • 8. Rekomendasi UKK Respirologi IDAI Pada Tata Laksana Asma Akut (Saat Serangan) Tahun 2019 SABA + kortikosteroid sistemik atau SABA+ kortikosteroid inhalasi dosis tinggi. Asma Serangan Ringan – Sedang* • SABA + antikolinergik + kortikosteroid sistemik intravena. • Jika setelah terapi tidak ada perbaikan, maka selanjutnya ditambah dengan kortikosteroid inhalasi dosis tinggi. Asma Serangan Berat SABA + antikolinergik + kortikosteroid sistemik intravena + kortikosteroid inhalasi dosis tinggi. Asma dengan ancaman henti napas  Kortikosteroid inhalasi dosis tinggi sebagai pereda bekerja melalui efek vasokonstriksi.  Dengan pemberian kortikosteroid inhalasi ini efek samping sistemik berkurang signifikan.  Kortikosteroid nebulisasi diberikan bersama SABA atau SABA plus ipratropium bromida, dalam satu nebulisasi (disatukan) Referensi: IDAI. Buku Rekomendasi Terapi Inhalasi Pada Anak. 2019 Keterangan: *Rekomendasi anak diatas 5 tahun Untuk anak balita, jika menunjukkan perbaikan klinis setelah terapi dengan inhalasi SABA, kortikosteroid tidak perlu diberikan. Kortikosteroid sebagai pereda; SABA: short-acting ꞵ2 (beta2) agonist Pemberian Kortikosteroid Inhalasi Dosis tinggi direkomendasikan pada semua tingkat keparahan asma akut
  • 9. 9 Kortikosteroid Inhalasi (ICS) Dosis Tinggi Memiliki Onset Kerja Cepat vs. Kortikosteroid Sistemik 1. Rodrigo J Gustavo. Rapid Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids in Acute Asthma :An Evidence-Based Evaluation. CHEST; 2006; 130:1301-1311 2. Horvath G, Wanner A. Inhaled corticosteroids: effects on the airway vasculature in bronchial asthma. Eur Respir J; 2006; 27(1):172-187. Kortikosteroid Sistemik (Oral atau injeksi) ICS Dosis tinggi Mekanisme Kerja Onset Kerja Bekerja melalui mekanisme genomik sebagai anti inflamasi 1 Onset lambat >4 jam 1 Bekerja Melalui 2 mekanisme 2: • Genomik sebagai antiinflamasi • Non-genomik sebagai Vasokonstriktor Onset Cepat Detik – menit melalui mekanisme non-genomik 2 Designed by freepik
  • 10. 10 Rodrigo J Gustavo. Rapid Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids in Acute Asthma :An Evidence-Based Evaluation. CHEST; 2006; 130:1301-1311. • Meta Analisis 17 randomize control trial • Total 1.133 pasien asma eksaserbasi sedang – berat di UGD* • Membandingkan pasien yang diberi ICS dosis tinggi vs. Plasebo, ICS dosis tinggi vs. SCS, ICS dosis tinggi +SCS vs SCS • ICS yang digunakan adalah Budesonide, beclomethasone, dexamethasone, flunisolide, fluticasone, triamcinalon Pemberian ICS dosis tinggi secara berulang pada pasien serangan asma memberikan efek yang cepat Pada 1-2 Jam Pada 2-3 Jam Skor Gejala Asma signifikan Vs. Plasebo dan kortikosteroid sistemik 4.7 X pasien yang dipulangkan Vs. Plasebo dan kortikosteroid sistemik 70% Tingkat hospitalisasi Vs. Plasebo
  • 11. 11 Serangan Asma dengan Strategi 1-2-4* 1-2 mg Pulmicort® setiap nebulisasi, dosis maksimal 4 mg per hari Referensi: 1. Produk informasi Pulmicort nop 2017 • Anak usia 3 bulan-12 tahun : 0,5 – 1,0 mg dua kali sehari, maksimal 2mg • Anak usia >12 tahun-dewasa : 1,0 – 2,0 mg dua kali sehari, maksimal 4 mg
  • 12. Pulmicort® respules memiliki waktu disolusi yang lebih cepat dengan efek vasokonstriksi yang lebih kuat dibandingkan flutikason 12 1. Edsbacker S et al. Airway Selectivity: An Update of Pharmacokinetic Factors Affecting Local and Systemic Disposition of Inhaled Steroids. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2006; 98(6):523-536 2. Mendes ES et al., Comparative bronchial vsasoconstrictive efficacy of inhaled glucocorticosteroids. Eur Respir J 2003;21:989–993, n=10. Waktu disolusi Pulmicort® >80 X Lebih cepat dibandingkan flutikason Efek vasokonstriksi Pulmicort® 42% Lebih kuat dibandingkan flutikason Tidak ada signifiikansi data Perbedaan nilai vasokonstriksi tidak mencerminkan efikasi klinis Based on the EC 20 ug value (effective concentration that causes a 20% decrease in airway blood flow from baseline) at 30 minutes 1,2 2
  • 13. 13 Lanjutkan Pemberian Terapi Pulmicort® pada pasien yang dirawat inap Referensi; Razi et al. The Addition of Inhaled Budesonide to Standard Therapy Shortens the Length of Stay in Hospital for Asthmatic Preschool Children: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015;166:297–303 Terapi standar eksaserbasi • 1 mg/kg/day intravenous (i.v.) methylprednisolone for up to 5 days • 0.15 mg/kg of salbutamol (Ventolin ® ) nebula every 4 h • Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent ® ) 250 μg every 6 h for 2 days • Children with a peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) ≤ 92% received oxygen treatment p = 0.01 Pulmicort + terapi standar 44 80 Plasebo + terapi standar Pemberian Pulmicort® + terapi standar 45% durasi rawat inap vs. terapi standar saja Penelitian di 1 center, acak, buta ganda, paralel menggunakan kontrol plasebo. Pasien anak usia 7-72 bulan dengan eksaserbasi asma yang dirawat di rumah sakit, clinical asthma score (CAS) antara 3 and 9 diacak untuk mendapatkan inhalasi Pulmicort Respules® 2 mg/hari (n = 50) atau plasebo (n = 50) sebagai tambahan pada terapi asma standard yang meliputi methylprednisolone IV 1 mg/kg/hari, 0.15 mg/kg salbutamol nebulisasi dan ipratropium bromide 250 mcg. Lama perawatan di rumah sakit dibandingkan antara kelompok budesonide (1mg/2mL) versus plasebo (normal sterile saline 2mL).
  • 14. GINA 2020: Durasi penggunaan ICS untuk pasien anak* selama fase akut asma adalah 5-10 hari Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ICS dosis tinggi (1600 μg/hari) selama 5-10 hari dapat menurunkan penggunaan kortikosteroid oral Global Initiative for asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginasthma.org Berapa lama pemberian ICS dosis tinggi pada pasien asma akut anak? *usia 5 tahun kebawah
  • 15. 15 Pulmicort® Respules 2 mg/hari selama fase asma akut menunjukkan efektivitas yang sama dengan Kortikosteroid sistemik tanpa menurunkan kadar kortisol Reference: 1. Saito, et al. High-dose nebulized budesonide is effective for mild asthma exacerbations in children under 3 years of age. 2017. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol Vol 49, N1, 22-27; 0 1 2 3 4 5 Penggunaan steroid Jumlah hari hingga mengi menghilang Total hari menggunakan oksigen Prednisolone IV Nebulisasi Budesonide Efikasi Keamanan • Pulmicort® respules tidak menurunkan kadar kortisol sedangkan kortikosteroid sistemik signifikan menurunkan kadar serum kortisol sebesar 36,6% Studi dilakukan pada pasien eksaserbasi ringan <3 tahun yang memiliki gejala mengi. Pasien dirandomisasi dan diterapi dengan nebulisasi budesonide dosis tinggi (1mg/dosis, 2 kali sehari) atau intravena prednisolone (0,5mg/kg,3 kali sehari). Penggunaan obat dikurangi secara berkala setelah gejala mengi berkurang.
  • 16. Pemberian Kortikosteroid Oral Jangka Pendek yang diberikan Berulang meningkatkan Risiko Fraktur 1 1. Van Staa, TP, et.al Children and the Risk of Fractures Caused by Oral Corticosteroids. 2003. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. Vol 18 No.5, 2003 ; 2. IDAI. Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak 2016 32% Pasien anak yang mendapatkan kortikosteroid oral jangka pendek ≥4 kali pengulangan meningkatkan resiko fraktur 1 (OR 1.32, 95%Cl: 1.03-1.69) Dosis oral kortikosteroid : 30 mg atau lebih. Rata-rata durasi terapi 6,4 hari (median 5 hari) Case controlled analysis pada catatan medis dari dokter umum di Inggris (dari General Practice Research Database) digunakan untuk memperkirakan tingkat kejadian patah tulang anak-anak usia 4-17 tahun kortikosteroid oral (n 37.562) dan anak-anak kontrol yang menggunakan kortikosteroid nonsistemik (n 345.748). Peringatan Pemberian Kortikosteroid sistemik berdasarkan PNAA 2016 2 Hati-hati bila dalam 1 bulan terakhir pasien sudah mendapatkan steroid oral/sistemik
  • 17. 17 Mist Study Penggunaan Pulmicort dosis rendah sebagai maintenance vs Pulmicort dosis tinggi selama 7 Hari Kriteria Pasien: • 278 subjek, usia 12-53 bulan, skor API positif (Asthma Predictive Index) • Episode mengi berulang (minimal 4 kali atau 3 episode mengi dan penggunaan kontroler >3 bulan pada tahun sebelumnya) • Kunjungan ke UGD atau menggunakan Kortikosteroid oral sedikitnya satu kali pada tahun sebelumnya • Pulmicort dosis rendah : 0,5 mg per hari selama 1 tahun • Pulmicort dosis tinggi : 2 mg/hari selama 7 hari saat ada simptom respiratori Desain Penelitian Zeiger et al.Daily or intermittent budesonide in preschool children with recurrent wheezing. N Eng J Med.. 2011 : 365(21)1990-2001 Kelompok Randomisasi Fase terapi: 52 minggu Saat tidak ada simptom respiratori Saat terjadi symptom respiratori (Pemberian obat selama 7 hari) Pulmicort dosis rendah maintenance Pulmicort 0.5 mg setiap malam hari Plasebo (pagi) Pulmicort 0.5 mg (malam) Pulmicort Dosis Tinggi Plasebo Pulmicort 1 mg (pagi) Pulmicort 1 mg (malam)
  • 18. 18 Hasil pengamatan setelah 1 tahun penelitian Hasil Pulmicort dosis tinggi (1mg,dua kali sehari,se lama 7 hari) Pulmicort dosis rendah (maintenance) Efek terapi Angka kejadian/orang-tahun (95%Cl) Relatif Rate (95% CI) Jumlah treatment untuk penanganan symptom respiratori 3,61 (3,13-4,16) 3,27 (2,82-3,79) 1,10 (0,91 -1,35) Jumlah kunjungan darurat ke RS karena asma 2,37 (1,89-2,97) 2,40 (1,91 -3,02) 0,99 (0,72-1,35) Jumlah hari absen kerja, sekolah, atau day care) 2,72 (2,00-3,70) 3,02 (2,22-4,12) 0,90 (0,59 – 1,37) Zeiger et al.Daily or intermittent budesonide in preschool children with recurrent wheezing. N Eng J Med.. 2011 : 365(21)1990-2001 Efikasi Budesonide dosis rendah harian selama 1 tahun tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan Budesonide dosis tinggi selama 7 hari dalam mengurangi kejadian asma eksaserbasi Mist Study Penggunaan Pulmicort dosis rendah sebagai maintenance vs Pulmicort dosis tinggi selama 7 Hari
  • 19. Nebulisasi kortikosteroid efektif untuk asma akut dan asma jangka panjang untuk anak ≤ 5 tahun Terapi nebulisasi efektif dan mudah digunakan Pada akut asma, penambahan nebulisasi kortikosteroid meningkatkan hasil terapi Pada terapi maintenance, nebulisasi budesonide superior dibandingkan terapi ICS menggunakan pMDI Penggunaan kortikosteroid inhalasi intermiten dosis tinggi pada wheezing yang dipicu virus sama efektifnya dengan pemberian ICS setiap hari; dan mengurangi penggunaan Kortikosteroid oral Murpohy et al. Nebulized Inhaled Corticosteroids in Asthma Treatnent in Children 5 years or younger: A Systematic Review and Global Expert Analysis. 2020. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract; 8(6): 1815-1827
  • 20. 20 • Sampaikan kepada pasien, atau otau orang tua pasien atau penjaga, bahwa mereka dapat melanjutkan untuk menggunakan nebulizer mereka. Hal ini disebabkan aerosol berasasl dari cairan dari nebulizer (nebulizer chamber) dan tidak akan membawa partikel virus dari pasien. Temukan informasi lebih lanjut dari https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/w uhan-novel-coronavirus-infection-prevention- and-control Terapi Nebulisasi di Rumah Jika pasien COVID-19 atau suspek COVID-19 menggunakan nebulizer di rumah : • Nebulisasi albuterol harus berada di lokasi yang meminimalkan paparan terhadap anggota rumah tangga yang tidak terinfeksi. • Lokasi dapat mencakup di luar di teras/ teras/ garasi, di mana udara tidak disirkulasikan kembali ke rumah dan permukaan yang mungkin terpapar dapat lebih mudah dibersihkan (atau mungkin tidak perlu dibersihkan) 1 2 1. National Institute for Health and Care Exellence (NICE). Covid 19 rapid guideline: severe asthma. April 2020. Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG166; 2. American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunologiy (ACAAI). Nebulizer use during the COVID-19 Pandemic. 2020. Available at https://college.acaai.org/publications/college-insider/nebulizer-use-during-covid-19-pandemic. NICE Merekomendasikan untuk melanjutkan terapi nebulisasi di rumah
  • 21. Mudah digunakan Meningkatkan kenyamanan pengobatan pada pasien Mencegah infeksi silang/cross infection Memudahkan pemberian treatment secara cepat saat terjadi gejala mengi, untuk mencegah perburukan penyakit Kunling S. et al.. Expert Consensus on nebulised ICS therapy in pediatric patients. J Clin Pediatr 2018;36(2):95-107 Benefit Nebulisasi di Rumah
  • 22. Kesimpulan  Kontrol asma meningkat seiring peningkatan durasi treatment (nebulisasi di rumah)  Tingginya kepatuhan dan kontrol asma yang baik dapat disebabkan penggunaan nebulizer yang simple dan lebih sedikit ‘user error’ dibandingkan Terapi dengan MDI atau DPI Status kontrol asma Keparahan Asma pada kunjungan pertama dan ke-empat Zhao, D. et al. 2020. CARE: An Observational Study of Adherence to Home Nebulizer Therapy Amon Children with Asthma. Research Square studi multicenter, prospektif, observasional pada 12 rumah sakit tersier di China selama 12 minggu. Pasien berusia 0-14 tahun, didiagnosa asma dan diresepkan nebulisasi ICS di rumah selama 3 bulan. Primary endpoint penelitian adalah kepatuhan treatment asma. Pasien mengunjungi rumah sakitl pada minggu 0,4,8, dan 12 untuk menilai kontrol asma, keparahan asma dan kepatuhan treatment Terapi nebulisasi di rumah efektif dan dapat direkomendasikan untuk terapi asma jangka panjang pada pasien anak Jumlah pasien dengan asma terkontrol baik meningkat Tingkat keparahan asma berkurang setelah terapi nebulisasi
  • 23. TINDAK LANJUT PADA PASIEN setelah pasien pulang dari UGD 23 Pasien anak mengalami serangan asma Rujukan ke Rumah sakit jika: memburuk, eksaserbasi berat, atau ancaman henti napas Follow up - Obat PEREDA (reliever) jika diperlukan - Obat PENGENDALI (controller) - Evaluasi faktor resiko Pasien anak kembali ke rumah IDAI. Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak 2016
  • 24. IDAI. Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak 2016 ICS/LABA ICS TATALAKSANA ASMA JANGKA PANJANG UNTUK ANAK USIA >5 TAHUN BERDASARKAN PNAA 2016 “Kombinasi ICS/LABA disarankan untuk pasien anak dengan asma persisten sedang dan berat (step 3 & 4)”
  • 25. PENGONTROL PILIHAN UTAMA Untuk mencegah eksaserbasi dan mengontrol gejala Pengontrol pilihan lain PELEGA Dosis rendah ICS digunakan saat menggunakan SABA*; atau ICS dosis rendah harian Dosis rendah Inhalasi kortikosteroid (ICS) (lihat table range dosis ICS untuk anak) STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 Leukotriene receptor antagonist (LRTA) harian, atau ICS dosis rendah kapanpun saat SABA digunakan * ICS dosis rendah + LABA atau ICS dosis sedang ICS dosis sedang + LABA Rujuk untuk saran ahli Rujuk untuk penilaian fenotif ± terapi tambahan, misalnya anti- IgE Dosis rendah ICS + LTRA Dosis tinggi ICS- LABA, atau tambahkan tiotropium, atau tambahkan LTRA Tambah anti-IL5, atau tambah dosis rendah OCS, tapi pertimbangkan efek samping Short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) jika diperlukan * ICS dan SABA inhaler terpisah ICS: inhaled kortikosteroid; LABA: Long-acting beta2-agonist; LTRA: leukotriene receptor antagonist; OCS: oral kortikosteroid; SABA: short-acting beta2-agonist Gejala <2 kali/bulan Mulai dari sini jika Gejala ≥ 2 kali/bulan, tapi tidak setiap hari Gejala hampir setiap hari, atau terbangun karena asma ≥ 1 kali/minggu Gejala hampir setiap hari, atau terbangun karena asma ≥ 1 kali/minggu, atau penurunan fungsi paru OCS jangka pendek mungkin juga dibutuhkan pada pasien asma yang sangat tidak terkontrol Penilaian Konfirmasi diagnosis Kontrol gejala dan faktor risiko yang bisa dimodifikasi (termasuk fungsi paru) Penyakit Penyerta Teknik inhaler dan kepatuhan Pilihan pasien dan tujuan Suggested Initial Controller Treatment in Children Aged 6 – 11 Years With Diagnosis of Asthma Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginashtma.org NEW GINA 2020 TREATMENT RECOMMENDATION
  • 26. Konfirmasi diagnosis bila diperlukan Kontrol gejala dan faktor resiko yang dapat dimodifikasi (termasuk fungsi paru) Penyakit pernyerta Teknik penggunaan inhaler & kepatuhan Tujuan anak dan orang tua Penatalaksanaan faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi dan penyakit penyerta Stategi non-farmakologi Obat asma (Disesuaikan penurunan atau peningkatan dosis) Edukasi dan latihan ketrampilan Gejala Eksaserbasi Efek samping Fungsi paru Kepuasan anak & orang tua Personalisasi Manajemen Asma: Menilai, Menyesuaikan, Meninjau Respon Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2020. Available from: www.ginashtma.org
  • 27. MENGAPA MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI ICS DENGAN LABA? Glucocorticoid receptor ß2-Adrenoceptor • Efek kortikosteroid terhadap ß2-agonist reseptor Corticosteroid Anti-inflammatory effect • Efek ß2-agonist terhadap kortikosteroid ß2-Agonist Bronchodilatation + + Barnes PJ. Scientific rationale for inhaled combination therapy with long-acting b2-agonists and corticosteroids Eur Respir J 2002;19:182-91 Kortikosteroid meningkatkan ekspresi β2-receptor dan mencegah terjadinya down- regulation akibat pemakaian jangka panjang β2-agonis
  • 28. Scan QR code Video Cara Pakai Turbuhaler versi Bahasa Indonesia Atau kunjungi situs: www.symbicort-id.com SYMBICORT® sebagai terapi PELEGA dengan PENGOTROL dalam SATU inhaler Mengandung: - Bronkodilator sebagai PELEGA Formoterol  LABA fast onset - Antiinflamasi sebagai PENGONTROL Budesonide  Inhalasi kortikosteroid SABA TIDAK diperlukan reliever/SABA terpisah Symbicort Product Information BPOM-RI 2017
  • 29. Formoterol merupakan golongan LABA dengan onset cepat Awitan (Onset Kerja) Durasi (Lama Kerja) Contoh Obat Golongan Agonis β2 Cepat (Rapid) Singkat (Short) Fenoterol SABA Procaterol Salbutamol (Albuterol) Terbutaline Cepat (Rapid) Lama /panjang (Long) FORMOTEROL LABA with rapid onset Lambat (Slow) Lama /panjang (Long) SALMETEROL LABA Referensi: Pedoman Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Asma di Indonesia PDPI 2019
  • 30. Budesonide/Formoterol sebagai PELEGA bekerja secepat dan seefektif Salbutamol 4.5 mcg formoterol ~ 200 mcg Salbutamol Menit setelah penggunaan obat FEV1 (% D from baseline) –5 0 30 60 90 120 5 15 25 35 45 150 180 NS Budesonide/Formoterol 1280/36 µg (n = 55) Salbutamol 1600 µg (n= 48) Formoterol adalah Long Acting β2- agonis fast onset yang bekerja SECEPAT Salbutamol Balanag VM, et al. Efficacy & Safety of Budesonide/Formoterol compared with Salbutamol in the Treatment of Acute Asthma. Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics; 2006;19:139–147. Studi acak, double-blind, kelompok paralel ini, pasien (n = 103) pasien yang mengalami asma akut (rata-rata FEV1 43% dari prediksi) menerima dua dosis berulang pada t = -5 dan 0 menit baik budesonide/formoterol (320/9 mcg, dua inhalasi) atau salbutamol (100 mcg x delapan inhalasi); dosis total 1280/36 mcg dan 1600 mcg, masing-masing
  • 31. Pemberian Symbicort® sebagai PENGONTROL & PELEGA untuk pasien anak menurunkan resiko eksaserbasi 66% lebih efektif dibandingkan ICS/LABA + SABA dan 55% dibandingkan ICS + SABA Symbicort pengontrol dan pelega vs Symbicort + SABA P<0.001 Symbicort pengontrol dan pelega vs budesonide + SABA P=0.02 Symbicort + SABA vs budesonide + SABA P=0.12 Bisgaard, Hans, MD., et al. Budesonide/Formoterol Maintenance plus Reliever Therapy: A new Strategy in pediatric asthma; Chest; 2006 130 (6): 1733-1743
  • 32. Pasien anak dengan Symbicort® sebagai pengontrol sekaligus pelega signifikan tumbuh lebih tinggi dibandingkan pasien dengan ICS + SABA (P=0.0054) dan tidak ada perbedaan dengan kelompok pasien ICS/LABA+SABA Bisgaard, Hans, MD., et al. Budesonide/Formoterol Maintenance plus Reliever Therapy: A new Strategy in pediatric asthma; Chest; 2006 130 (6): 1733-1743
  • 33. KEKELIRUAN PADA TATA LAKSANA JANGKA PANJANG 1. Penggunaan bronkodilator kerja pendek (SABA) sebagai pengendali 2. Obat asma dalam bentuk inhalasi berbahaya 3. Pemakaian obat asma jangka panjang berbahaya 4. Obat asma menyebabkan ketergantungan 5. Steroid oral sebagai pengendali Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak. Jakarta: Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. 2016 (p98-100)
  • 34. Kesimpulan • ICS dosis tinggi telah direkomendasikan pada tatalaksana asma akut anak pada semua tingkat keparahan1. • Nebulisasi kortikosteroid efektif untuk2  Treatment asma akut  Treatment asma jangka panjang usia 5 tahun atau lebih muda  Treatment mengi yang diinduksi virus. Intermitent nebulisasi ICS dosis tinggi memiliki efikasi yang setara dengan terapi ICS harian dan dapat mengurangi paparan pasien terhadap kortikosteroid • Nebulisasi di rumah meningkatkan kenyamanan terapi asma pada anak.3 • Tingginya kepatuhan dan kontrol asma yang baik dapat disebabkan penggunaan nebulizer yang simple dan lebih sedikit ‘user error’ dibandingkan Terapi dengan MDI atau DPI.4 • Tatalaksana farmakoterapi untuk anak diatas 5 tahun dengan asma persisten sedang dan persisten berat adalah dengan pemberian ICS/LABA 5 • Budesonide/Formoterol adalah kombinasi ICS/LABA yang dapat diberikan pagi/sore dan as needed (pengontrol sekaligus Pereda, tanpa perlu SABA tambahan) untuk anak 6 tahun ke atas 6 1. IDAI. Buku Rekomendasi Terapi Inhalasi Pada Anak. 2019; 2. Murphy et al. Nebulized Inhaled Corticosteroids in Asthma Treatnent in Children 5 years or younger: A Systematic Review and Global Expert Analysis. 2020. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract; 8(6): 1815-1827 ; 3. Kunling S. et al.. Expert Consensus on nebulised ICS therapy in pediatric patients. J Clin Pediatr 2018;36(2):95-107; 4. Zhao, D. et al. 2020. CARE: An Observational Study of Adherence to Home Nebulizer Therapy Amon Children with Asthma. Research Square; 5. IDAI. Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak 2016 ; 6. Symbicort ® BPOM Product Information 2017
  • 37. Pulmicort® tersedia di BPJS Kesehatan 37  Pulmicort® respules (budesonide) terdapat dalam 2 sediaan: 0,5 mg/mL dan 0,25 mg/mL dalam 2 mL sediaan dan tersedia di BPJS dan dapat diberikan hingga 5 hari KEPUTUSAN MENTERI KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR HK.01.07/MENKES/659/2017 tentang Formularium Nasional
  • 38. Pemberian Pulmicort 38  Saat serangan asma (Product Information,2017) 2 1-2 mg Pulmicort® setiap nebulisasi, dosis maksimal 4 mg per hari  Pasien asma akut setelah serangan (Saito,2017) 3 : 1 mg Pulmicort setiap nebulisasi, 2 kali sehari selama 5 hari pemberian 1. Zeiger et al.Daily or intermittent budesonide in preschool children with recurrent wheezing. N Eng J Med.. 2011 : 365(21)1990-2001 2. Produk informasi Pulmicort nop 2017 3. Saito, et al. High-dose nebulized budesonide is effective for mild asthma exacerbations in children under 3 years of age. 2017. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol Vol 49, N1, 22-27;  Pasien asma dengan gejala (fase akut) (Zeiger (2015) 1 : 1 mg Pulmicort setiap nebulisasi, 2 kali sehari selama 7 hari pemberian
  • 39. Prosedur Penggunaan Pulmicort 39 Lepaskan satu respul pulmicort Kocok respul Putar Bagian atas respul Masukkan cairan respul ke dalam reservoir Hanya gunakan Jet/Kompressor Nebuliser1 Bersihkan wajah dan berkumur dengan air untuk membersihkan mulut dari sisa obat nebulisasi1 Pulmicort dapat dicampur dengan obat nebulisasi lainnya, seperti Terbutaline, Salbutamol, Ipratropium Bromida, Acetylcysteine dan Fenoterol1,2 1. Produk informasi Pulmicort nop 2017; 2. Kamin W, et, al. Inhalation solutions - which one are allowed to be mixed Physico-chemical compatibility of drug solutions in nebulizers. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis; 2006; 5; 205-213.
  • 40. Sediaan Symbicort Turbuhaler1 • Symbicort 80/4.5 (60 dosis) • Symbicort 160/4.5 (60 dosis) • Symbicort 160/4.5 (120 dosis) Ref: 1. Symbicort Turbuhaler Product Information BPOM-RI 2020; 2. Symbicort Rapihaler Product Information BPOM-RI 2020; 3. Morice et al. Efficacy and safety of a new pressurised metered-dose inhaler formulation of budesonide/formoterol in children with asthma: A superiority and therapeutic equivalence study. Pulm Phar & Ther 21. 2008. 152-159; Sediaan Symbicort Rapihaler (pMDI)2 • Symbicort 80/4.5 (120 dosis) • Symbicort 160/4.5 (120 dosis) “Symbicort Rapihaler (pMDI) & Symbicort turbuhaler (DPI) memiliki efek terapi yang setaradan ditoleransi dengan baik oleh pasien anak3” SYMBICORT kini tersedia dalam bentuk TURBUHALER & RAPIHALER, sebagai alternatif pilihan bagi pasien
  • 41. Ref: 1. Product Information Symbicort Turbuhaler 2020; 2. Product Information Symbicort Rapihaler 2020 Dosis Symbicort 80/4.5 mcg untuk Pasien Anak
  • 42. Cara Pakai Symbicort Turbuhaler & Rapihaler Buka dan lepaskan penutup turbuhaler1 Pastikan turbuhaler tegak lurus dan putar satu arah, lalu putar kembali ke arah yang berlawanan hingga terdengar bunyi ‘klik’1 hisap1 Tutup kembali1 Video Lengkap Cara Pakai Symbicort Turbuhaler versi Bahasa Indonesia dapat dilihat pada link ini: www.symbicort-id.com Ref: 1. Symbicort Turbuhaler Product Information BPOM-RI 2020; 2. Symbicort Rapihaler Product Information BPOM-RI 2020 Klik!
  • 43. Symbicort® Turbuhaler & Rapihaler Abbreviated Prescribing Information SYMBICORT RAPIHALER (budesonide and formoterol); suspension pressurised inhalation 80/4.5 mcg/dose and 160/4.5 mcg/dose (delivered dose). See local Prescribing Information for full details prior to prescribing – Prescribing Information may vary from country to country. SYMBICORT TURBUHALER (Budesonide and formoterol); Inhalation Powder 80/4.5 mcg/dose and 160/4.5 mcg/dose (delivered dose). See local Prescribing Information for full details prior to prescribing – Prescribing Information may vary from country to country. Indication: Asthma (SYMBICORT RAPIHALER and SYMBICORT TURBUHALER 80/4.5 and 160/4.5 mcg/inhalation): For regular treatment of asthma where use of a combination (inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta2-agonist) is appropriate: patients not adequately controlled with inhaled corticosteroids and “as needed” inhaled short-acting beta2- agonists, or patients already adequately controlled on both inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta2-agonists. 160/4.5 mcg/inhalation: Symbicort is indicated in adults and adolescents (aged 12 years and older) for the treatment of asthma to relieve symptoms and the reduction of the risk of exacerbations, where the use of inhaled corticosteroids is appropriate. COPD (SYMBICORT RAPIHALER and SYMBICORT TURBUHALER 160/4.5 mcg/inhalation): Symptomatic treatment of patients with severe COPD (FEV1 ≤ 50% predicted normal) and a history of repeated exacerbations, who have significant symptoms despite regular therapy with long-acting bronchodilators. SYMBICORT (80/4.5 mcg/inhalation) is not appropriate in patients with severe asthma nor patients with COPD. Dosage: Asthma: there are 3 alternatives therapies: Anti-Inflammatory Therapy (Patients with Mild Disease): SYMBICORT TURBUHALER is taken as needed for the relief of asthma symptoms when they occur. Patients should be advised to always have Symbicort available for relief of symptoms. Adults and adolescents (12 years and older): 160/4.5 mcg/inhalation: 1 inhalation as needed in response to symptoms. If symptoms persist after a few minutes, an additional inhalation should be taken. Not more than 6 inhalations should be taken on any single occasion. A total daily dose of more than 8 inhalations is not normally needed; however, a total daily dose of up to 12 inhalations could be used for a limited period. Patients using more than 8 inhalations daily should be strongly recommended to seek medical advice. They should be reassessed and their asthma therapy should be reconsidered. Close monitoring for dose-related adverse effects is needed in patients who frequently take high numbers of Symbicort as-needed inhalations. Maintenance and reliever therapy: SYMBICORT RAPIHALER and SYMBICORT TURBUHALER taken as both regular maintenance treatment, and as needed in response to symptoms without separate inhaler. Adults (≥12 years): 80/4.5 and 160/4.5 mcg/inhalation: 2 inhalations/day, (1 inhalation in the morning and evening or 2 inhalations either in the morning or evening). A maintenance dose of 2 inhalations twice daily may be appropriate (for 160/4.5 mcg/inhalation only). Children (≥6 years): 80/4.5 mcg/inhalation: 1 inhalation/day. Patients should take 1 additional inhalation as needed in response to symptoms. If symptoms persist after a few minutes, an additional inhalation should be taken. Not more than 6 inhalations (for adults & adolescents) and 4 inhalations (for children) should be taken on any single occasion. Consider reassessment of therapy in patients using an increasing number of inhalations for symptom relief without improving asthma control within 2 weeks. A total daily dose >8 inhalations for adults and adolescents (both strength) and 4 inhalations for children (for 80/4.5 mcg/inhalation) is not normally needed, however a total daily dose of up to 12 inhalations for adults and adolescents (both strength) and 8 inhalations for children (80/4.5 mcg/inhalation) could be used temporarily. Maintenance therapy: SYMBICORT RAPIHALER and SYMBICORT TURBUHALER taken as regular maintenance treatment, with a separate rapid-acting bronchodilator as rescue. Patients should be advised to have their separate rapid-acting bronchodilator available for rescue use at all times. Adults and Adolescents (≥12 years): 80/4.5 mcg/inhalation& 160/4.5 mcg/inhalation: 1-2 inhalations twice daily. Children (≥6 years): 80/4.5 mcg/inhalation: 2 inhalations twice daily. The dose should be titrated to the lowest dose at which effective control of symptoms is maintained. COPD: Adults: 160/4.5 mcg/inhalation: 2 inhalations twice daily. Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to budesonide, formoterol or any of the excipients: SYMBICORT RAPIHALER (apaflurane (HFA 227), povidone K25 and macrogol (polyethylene glycol) 1000). SYMBICORT TURBUHALER: inhaled lactose Warnings and precautions: SYMBICORT RAPIHALER – When long term treatment is discontinued, taper the dose, do not stop abruptly. Not for treating severe exacerbations. In higher than recommended dose, possible systemic effects (depression of the HPA axis, reduction of bones density, cataract, glaucoma, and retardation of growth rate in children adolescents) may occur. Physicians should closely follow the growth of children and adolescents taking long-term corticosteroids. Rinse mouth out with water after inhaling to minimize the risk of oropharyngeal candida infection. Potentially serious hypokalaemia may result. Caution is advised when eformoterol is administered to patients with severe cardiovascular disorders such as ischaemic heart disease, tachyarrhythmias or severe heart failure. Special care is needed in patients with active or quiescent pulmonary tuberculosis, fungal and viral infections of the respiratory system. Extra blood glucose controls are initially recommended when diabetic patients are commenced on eformoterol. During pregnancy, it should only be used when the benefits outweigh the potential risks, use the lowest effective dose. The effect of decreased liver and kidney function on the pharmacokinetics of eformoterol and budesonide are not known. For the concomitant treatment with budesonide and eformoterol, no clinical data on exposed pregnancies are available. Budesonide is excreted in breast milk. However, due to the relatively low doses used via the inhalational route the amount of drug present in the breast milk, if any, is likely to be low. SYMBICORT TURBUHALER – When long term treatment is discontinued, taper the dose, do not stop abruptly. Not for treating severe exacerbations. The patient must be advised to have their rescue inhaler available at all times & reminded to take maintenance dose as prescribed even when asymptomatic. If paradoxical bronchospasm occur, discontinue treatment. Possible systemic effects (adrenal suppression, growth retardation in children and adolescents, decrease in bone mineral density, cataract and glaucoma) may occur in long period treatment at high doses. It is recommended to regularly monitor the height of children receiving prolonged treatment. Rinse mouth out with water after inhaling to minimize the risk of oropharyngeal candida infection. Use with caution in patients with thyrotoxicosis, phaeochromocytoma, untreated hypokalaemia, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, idiopathic subvalvular aortic stenosis, severe hypertension, aneurysm or other severe cardiovascular disorders, QTc-interval prolongation, active or quiescent pulmonary tuberculosis, fungal and viral infections in the airways. Potentially serious hypokalaemia may result from high doses of beta2-agonists. Additional effect of hypokalaemia may happen in coadministration of beta2-agonists with drugs which induce hypokalaemia. Additional blood glucose controls should be considered in diabetic patients. Increased risk of pneumonia in treatment of COPD. During pregnancy, it should only be used when the benefits outweigh the potential risks, use the lowest effective dose. It is not known whether budesonide or formoterol passes into human milk. Interactions: SYMBICORT RAPIHALER – Inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g. ketoconazole) may increase systemic exposure to budesonide. Beta-receptor blocking agents, especially those that are non-selective, may partially or totally inhibit the effect of beta2-agonists. Patients who have already received large doses of sympathomimetic amines should not be given eformoterol. Hypokalaemia may result from beta2-agonist therapy and may be potentiated by concomitant treatment with xanthine derivates, mineralococrticosteroid, and diuretics. Caution is advised when eformoterol is administered to patients already taking MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, quinidine, disopyramide, procainamide, phenothiazines, or antihistamines associated with QT-interval prolongation (e.g terfenadine, astemizole). SYMBICORT TURBUHALER – Concomitant use with potent inhibitors of CYP450 3A4 (e.g. itraconazole, ritonavir) can increase plasma levels of budesonide. Beta-adrenergic blockers can inhibit the effect of formoterol. Concomitant use with quinidine, disopyramide, procainamide, phenothiazines, antihistamines (terfenadine), MAO inhibitors and tricyclic anti-depressants can prolong QTc-interval and increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias. In addition L-dopa, L-thyroxine, oxytoxin and alcohol can impair cardiac tolerance towards beta2-sympathomimetics. Concomitant use with MAO inhibitors including furazolidone and procarbazine may precipitate hypertensive reactions. Elevated risk of arrhythmias in patients receiving concomitant anaesthesia with halogenated hydrocarbons. Potentially additive effect in use with other beta-adrenergic drugs. Hypokalemia may increase the disposition towards arrhythmias in patients who are treated with digitalis glycosides. Undesirable effects: Common (1% - 10%): Palpitations, candida infection in the oropharynx, headache, tremor, mild irritation in throat, coughing, hoarseness. Uncommon (0.1% - 1%): Tachycardia, nausea, muscle cramps, dizziness, agitation, restlessness, nervousness, sleep disturbances, (SYMBICORT RAPIHALER diarrhoea, weight gain, including bad taste, thirst, tiredness, vision blurred.) Rare (0.01% - 0.1%): Cardiac arrhythmias e.g atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, extrasystoles, hypokalaemia, immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions e.g. dermatitis, exanthema, urticaria, pruritus, angioedema and anaphylactic reaction, bronchospasm, skin bruising. Very rare (˂0.01%): Angina pectoris, signs or symptoms of systemic glucocorticoid effects, hyperglycaemia, depression, and behavioural disturbances (SYMBICORT RAPIHALER variations in blood pressure). Packsize SYMBICORT RAPIHALER: • 1 RAPIHALER 160/4.5 mcg/dose, 120 doses (Reg. No.: DKI2004900268B1) • 1 RAPIHALER 80/4.5 mcg/dose, 120 doses (Reg. No.: DKI2004900268A1) SYMBICORT TURBUHALER: • 1 TURBUHALER 160/4.5 mcg/dose, 60 doses (Reg. No.: DKI0251302067B1) • 1 TURBUHALER 160/4.5 mcg/dose, 120 doses (Reg. No.: DKI0251302067B1) • 1 TURBUHALER 80/4.5 mcg/dose, 60 doses (Reg. No.: DKI0251302067A1) HARUS DENGAN RESEP DOKTER SYMBICORT RAPIHALER and SYMBICORT TURBUHALER are trademark of the AstraZeneca group of companies. Promomats ID : ID-2652 Date of preparation : October 22nd,; 2020 Date of expiry : October 22nd, 2022; Based on ANGEL Doc ID-004338490 & Doc ID- 004338495 (Approval date: August 6th 2020 Doc ID-003188417 & Doc ID-004338544 (Approval date: September 30th 2020) PT AstraZeneca Indonesia Arkadia Green Park, Tower F, Lantai 3 Jl. TB Simatupang Kav.88 Jakarta 12520, Indonesia Tel: +62 21 299 79000 / +62 21 788 35777 Fax: +62 21 788 35666 For adverse event report, Please contact: +62 812 1064 222 Or email: AE.Indonesia@astrazeneca.com For Health Care Professionals Only
  • 44. Pulmicort® Abbreviated Prescribing Information Budesonide; PULMICORT® RESPULES® Sterile ;Nebulising suspension for inhalation 0.25 mg/ml & 0.5 mg/ml See local Prescribing Information for full details prior to prescribing – Prescribing Information may vary from country to country.Presentation: White to off-white sterile nebuliser suspension in plastic single dose units. One single dose unit contains 0.5 mg or 1.0 mg budesonide per 2 mL.Indication: Treatment of bronchial asthma. Treatment of moderate to severe acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) in infants and children. Dosage: PULMICORT RESPULES should be administered from a suitable nebuliser. The dose delivered to the patient varies between 40 – 60% of the nominal dose depending on the nebulising equipment used. The nebulisation time and the dose delivered is dependent on flow rate, volume of nebuliser chamber and volume fill. A suitable fill for most nebulisers is 2-4 ml. Some sedimentation may occur during storage of PULMICORT RESPULES. If this does not readily resuspend completely upon shaking, the RESPULE should be discarded. Bronchial Asthma Dosage initially or during periods of severe asthma or while reducing oral corticosteroids: Adults & Children ≥12 years: 1 – 2 mg twice daily. Children 3 months - 12 years: 0.5 – 1 mg twice daily Maintenance: The maintenance dose should be individualized and should be the lowest dose which keep the patient symptom-free. Recommended doses are: Adults: 0.5 – 1 mg twice daily. Children 3 months - 12 years: 0.25 – 0.5 mg twice daily. Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup) In infants and children with croup the usual dose is 2 mg of nebulised budesonide given as a single administration of Pulmicort Respules. Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to budesonide or any other ingredients. Warnings and precautions: PULMICORT is not indicated for rapid relief of bronchospasm and not suitable as sole therapy for status asthmaticus or other acute exacerbations of asthma where intensive measures are required. The patient should seek medical advice if previous effective dosage regimen no longer gives the same relief. Particular care is needed in patients who are being transferred from oral corticosteroids to PULMICORT since they may remain at risk of impaired adrenal function for some considerable time. Dose-dependent HPA axis suppression has been observed. Bone mineral density measurement in children should be interpreted with caution. The growth of children taking glucocorticosteroids in long- term treatment should be monitored and the benefits of the therapy weighed against the possibility of growth suppression. Decreased liver function may affect the ability to eliminate budesonide. Special care in patients with active or quiescent pulmonary tuberculosis or fungal, bacterial or viral infections of the respiratory system. Respiratory drugs should not be used with positive pressure delivery systems in pulmonary conditions involving pneumothorax, air cysts or mediastinal emphysema unless special drainage is performed. Inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g. ketoconazole and itraconazole) may increase systemic exposure to PULMICORT. Interactions: Inhibitors of CYP3A4 (see warnings and precautions). Pregnancy and lactation: Administration during pregnancy should be avoided unless there are compelling reasons. Budesonide is excreted in breast milk. However, at therapeutic doses of PULMICORT RESPULES no effects on the suckling child are anticipated. PULMICORT RESPULES can be used during breast feeding. Undesirable effects: Common (>1%): hoarseness, sore, throat irritation, tongue and mouth irritation, dry mouth, oral candidiasis and cough. Uncommon (˂1%): larynx irritation, bad taste, diarrhoea, nausea, immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions such as skin reactions (e.g. rash, dermatitis, urticaria), angioedema and bronchospasm, headache, lightheadedness, thirst, tiredness, weight gain. Candida infection in the oropharynx. In rare cases signs or symptoms of systemic glucocorticosteroid effect, including hypofunction of the adrenal gland and reduction of growth velocity, may occur. Possible systemic effects in higher than recommended doses include depression of the HPA axis, reduction of bone density and retardation of growth rate in children. Rare reports of skin bruising. Psychiatric symptoms such as behavioural disturbances, nervousness, restlessness and depression. Facial skin irritation. Rarely, may provoke bronchoconstriction in hyperreactive patients. Packsize: PULMICORT RESPULES 0.25 mg/ml: Box of 4 packs @ 5 respules @ 2 ml (Reg. No.: DKI1151302568A1) PULMICORT RESPULES 0.50 mg/ml: Box of 4 packs @ 5 respules @ 2 ml (Reg. No.: DKI1151302568B1) HARUS DENGAN RESEP DOKTER Further information is available on request from: PT AstraZeneca Indonesia Perkantoran Hijau Arkadia Tower F, 3rd floor Jl. T.B. Simatupang Kav. 88, Jakarta – 12520 Tel: +62 21 299 79 000 / +62 21 788 35 777 Fax: +62 21 788 35 666 For Adverse Event reporting please contact +628121064222 or email: AE.Indonesia@astrazeneca.com PULMICORT and RESPULES are trademarks of the AstraZeneca group of the companies. Promomats ID : ID-2430; Date of preparation: 13th August 2020; Date of expiry : August 2022; Based on PLT: Doc ID-004338524(Approval date 02nd August 2020) PT AstraZeneca Indonesia Arkadia Green Park, Tower F, Lantai 3 Jl. TB Simatupang Kav.88 Jakarta 12520, Indonesia Tel: +62 21 299 79000 / +62 21 788 35777 Fax: +62 21 788 35666 For adverse event report, Please contact: +62 812 1064 222 Or email: AE.Indonesia@astrazeneca.com For Health Care Professionals Only