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Categoriile costului productiei
Producatorul,inscopul cresterii eficientiei activitatiipe care o desfasoara,urmareste costul productiei
pe diferitele sale categorii.Categoriile de costuri reprezintagrupari ale cheltuieliloreffectuatede
producator, functie de modificareaproductiei.
Principalele categorii de costuri de productie sunt:
1.Costul fix(CF) care include acele cheltuieli de productie care,pe termenscurt,nudependde volumul
productiei si ramanrelative neschimbate,nedepinzandde modificareaacestuia.Principalele cheltuieli
dinaceasta categorie suntcele effectuate cu:
*Amortizareacapitaluluifix
*Chirii
*Incalzireaunitatii
*Iluminatul unitatii
*Salariile personaluluiadministrative al unitatii
*Dobanzi,etc.
Daca volumul productiei esteegal cuzerocostul fix are o valoare pozitiva.
2.Costul variabil (CV) care include acele cheltuielide productie care,pe termenscurtevolueazain
acelasi senscumodificareaproductiei.
Principalele cheltuieli dinaceastacategorie suntceleeffectuatecu:
*Materii prime
*Materiale
*Combustibil
*Energie
*Salarii directe ale lucratorilordinproductieetc.
Daca volumul productiei esteegal cuzerocostul variabil este zero.
3.Costul total(CT) al productiei include sumadintre costul fixal productiei si costul variabil al productiei
CT=CF+CV
4.Costul fixmediusau unitar (CFM) reprezintacostul fixpe ounitate de produssi se determinaprin
raporttareacostului fix al productiei laintreagaproductie obtinutaCFM=CF/Q
Costul fix mediuisi modificamarimeaodata cu schimbareavolumului productiei.Candcreste volumul
productiei CFMscade si invers.
5.Costul variabil mediusau unitar (CVM) reprezintacostul variabilpe ounitate de produssi se
determinaprinraportareacostului variabil al productieila intreagaproductie obtinuta:CVM=CV/Q
Costul variabil mediuisimodificamarimeaodatacu schimbareavolumului productiei.Modificareaare
loc inacelasi sens:creste volumul productiei,creste CVMsi invers.
6.Costul total sau unitar (CTM) reprezintasumadintre costul fix al productiei si costul variabilal
productiei raportatalaintreagaproductie obtinuta:CTM=CT/Q=(CF+CV)/Q=CF/Q+CV/Q=CFM+CVM
7.Costul total sau marginal (CTmg) reprezintasporul de costtotal 𝛥CT necesarpentrucrestereacuo
unitate a volumuluiproductiei 𝛥𝑄.El se determinaprinraportareasporului de costtotal (CT1-CT0( la
sporul de productie(Q1-Q0)
CTmg=
𝛥𝐶𝑇
𝛥𝑄
=(CT1-CT0)/(Q1-Q0)
Insa,asa dupa cum s-aaratat, pe termenscurt,variatiacostului total este identical cuvariatia costului
variabil (costul fix nuse modifica).Drepturmare,costul total marginal este intotdeaunaegal cucostul
variabil margina,adicacu sporul de cost variabil de productie antrenatde crestereacuo unitate a
productiei
CTmg=CVmg=
𝛥𝐶𝑇
𝛥𝑄
=
𝛥𝐶𝑉
𝛥𝑄
Evolutiacostului unitareste influnetatade evolutiacostului marginal.CTmg=CTM

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Categoriile costului de productie

  • 1. Categoriile costului productiei Producatorul,inscopul cresterii eficientiei activitatiipe care o desfasoara,urmareste costul productiei pe diferitele sale categorii.Categoriile de costuri reprezintagrupari ale cheltuieliloreffectuatede producator, functie de modificareaproductiei. Principalele categorii de costuri de productie sunt: 1.Costul fix(CF) care include acele cheltuieli de productie care,pe termenscurt,nudependde volumul productiei si ramanrelative neschimbate,nedepinzandde modificareaacestuia.Principalele cheltuieli dinaceasta categorie suntcele effectuate cu: *Amortizareacapitaluluifix *Chirii *Incalzireaunitatii *Iluminatul unitatii *Salariile personaluluiadministrative al unitatii *Dobanzi,etc. Daca volumul productiei esteegal cuzerocostul fix are o valoare pozitiva. 2.Costul variabil (CV) care include acele cheltuielide productie care,pe termenscurtevolueazain acelasi senscumodificareaproductiei. Principalele cheltuieli dinaceastacategorie suntceleeffectuatecu: *Materii prime *Materiale *Combustibil *Energie *Salarii directe ale lucratorilordinproductieetc. Daca volumul productiei esteegal cuzerocostul variabil este zero. 3.Costul total(CT) al productiei include sumadintre costul fixal productiei si costul variabil al productiei CT=CF+CV 4.Costul fixmediusau unitar (CFM) reprezintacostul fixpe ounitate de produssi se determinaprin raporttareacostului fix al productiei laintreagaproductie obtinutaCFM=CF/Q
  • 2. Costul fix mediuisi modificamarimeaodata cu schimbareavolumului productiei.Candcreste volumul productiei CFMscade si invers. 5.Costul variabil mediusau unitar (CVM) reprezintacostul variabilpe ounitate de produssi se determinaprinraportareacostului variabil al productieila intreagaproductie obtinuta:CVM=CV/Q Costul variabil mediuisimodificamarimeaodatacu schimbareavolumului productiei.Modificareaare loc inacelasi sens:creste volumul productiei,creste CVMsi invers. 6.Costul total sau unitar (CTM) reprezintasumadintre costul fix al productiei si costul variabilal productiei raportatalaintreagaproductie obtinuta:CTM=CT/Q=(CF+CV)/Q=CF/Q+CV/Q=CFM+CVM 7.Costul total sau marginal (CTmg) reprezintasporul de costtotal 𝛥CT necesarpentrucrestereacuo unitate a volumuluiproductiei 𝛥𝑄.El se determinaprinraportareasporului de costtotal (CT1-CT0( la sporul de productie(Q1-Q0) CTmg= 𝛥𝐶𝑇 𝛥𝑄 =(CT1-CT0)/(Q1-Q0) Insa,asa dupa cum s-aaratat, pe termenscurt,variatiacostului total este identical cuvariatia costului variabil (costul fix nuse modifica).Drepturmare,costul total marginal este intotdeaunaegal cucostul variabil margina,adicacu sporul de cost variabil de productie antrenatde crestereacuo unitate a productiei CTmg=CVmg= 𝛥𝐶𝑇 𝛥𝑄 = 𝛥𝐶𝑉 𝛥𝑄 Evolutiacostului unitareste influnetatade evolutiacostului marginal.CTmg=CTM