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Peace Training
International Youth Leadership Academy
1/20/2015
Gaziantep, Turkey
December 19 – 21, 2014
Supported by UNICEF and Habitat Center for Governance and Development
2
Content
Aims and Objectives......................................................................................................................................3
Participants ...................................................................................................................................................4
Profile of the Participants .........................................................................................................................4
Methodology.................................................................................................................................................5
Program.........................................................................................................................................................6
Day 1 .........................................................................................................................................................7
Day 2 .........................................................................................................................................................8
Day 3 .......................................................................................................................................................10
Analysis for Obstacle 1 – Communication/Language .........................................................................12
Analysis for Obstacle 2 – Syrians Unaware of Rights/Laws in Turkey.................................................13
Analysis for Obstacle 3 – Turkey’s Domestic Politics..........................................................................13
Analysis for Obstacle 4 – Work Opportunities....................................................................................13
General Challenges in the Training.............................................................................................................14
Training Findings.........................................................................................................................................16
Evaluation ...................................................................................................................................................17
Conclusion – Going Forward.......................................................................................................................22
Annexes
3
Aims and Objectives
The central mission of the peace training was to humbly serve as a first step forward in the long-
term goal of improving the social relationships amongst the Syria-originated and Turkey-
originated communities within Gaziantep. The aim was absolutely not to resolve any conflicts,
but rather to create a common ground for young people from both side to take initiative in
peacebuilding between two societies living in Turkey and this was repeatedly stated to training
participants. Understanding that the path of transformation is long and that for some Syrians this
training was their first time interacting with Turkish youth, the training’s aim was to allow a
space where the youth can begin the process of understanding and respecting each other, and
building relationships. In other words, the project ascribes to the “Healthy Relationships and
Connections” theory of change as laid out by the peacebuilding organization Search for Common
Ground. The more specific objectives presented during the training were the following:
 Create a space where youth in Gaziantep can openly voice what they and also
listen to what others are living through
 Allow participants to express and, in turn, listen to different perspectives
 Characterize the situations at hand and discuss conflicts
 Discuss possible conflict resolution options and the support needed for this
 Establish communication
4
Participants
The training was attended by 30 youth of mixed sex from Turkey and Syria, all residing in
Gaziantep. Ages ranged from 16 years at the youngest to 30 years at the oldest, and the majority
was comprised of university students. In addition, one participant, herself an Iraqi refugee, was
an employee of ASAM, which is a Turkish civil society organization that provides psychological
as well as integration support for asylum-seekers and migrants. One Turkish participant was a
member of the Youth and Culture House (Gençlik ve Kültür Evi of GAP Project), a volunteer
group that works with youth in Turkey, and several Syrian participants were members of VEFA
Group, a Syrian volunteer group in Gaziantep made up of men and women, youth 20 years and
up.
Training staff consisted of Elif Kalan as the Facilitator; Nilgun Çavuşoğlu as a co-facilitator and
representing UNICEF; Assistant Facilitators Osman Allaz, Aslan Allaz, Fatma Arslan, Atakan
Avci, Selman Erkan, Ayca K. Guralp, and Ismail Noyan; and translators.
Profile of the Participants
Representation
6 Youth Council
4 Youth NGO
7 Individual
4 Youth Center
3 Youth Culture
House
3 ASAM, CARE
Recent Education
18 High school
7 2 years-uni
5 Undergraduate
Employment
11 fulltime
employee
3 part-time
employee
13 student
2 unemployed
How did you learn
about this training?
1 - website
8 - Facebook
19 - friends
Please see Annex 4 to see the full participants’ list.
5
Methodology
The entire training was designed and conducted from start to end with a methodology rooted in
peace and conflict theory. Based upon John Paul Lederach’s concepts1
, a mix of prescriptive and
elicitive training models were utilized to both instruct the participants on the peace field’s
academic definitions of peace, conflict, and violence (prescriptive) as well as to draw forth the
perspectives and unique experiences of youth living in Gaziantep (elicitive). In addition,
Benjamin Broome’s model of “structured dialogue” was relied upon on Day 3 to discuss the
specific issues in Gaziantep and possible steps to alleviate the conditions.
1
John Paul Lederach, Preparing for Peace: Conflict Transformation Across Cultures
6
Program
The two-and-a-half day program consisted of a mix of presentations by the Facilitator, games to
allow active participation and to illustrate certain points, small-group activities, group
presentations, and open discussions.
An overview of the program agenda2
is seen below:
Day 1
∙Getting to Know Each Other
∙The UGLA Project, Goals, and Expectations
Day 2
∙Identity and Perceptions
∙Prejudices and Separation (Empathy)
∙Peace, Violence, and Conflict
∙Human Rights and Needs
Day 3
∙Analyzing the Gaziantep Situation
∙What Can I Do?
∙General Evaluation
2
See the dteailed program as Annex 3
7
Day 1 began with some words of welcome, statements of purpose for the training, along with
some very positive words by the facilitator, co-facilitator, the Syrian Assistant Facilitators
(Osman and Aslan Allaz) and the UNICEF representative. The elicitive rather than purely
prescriptive nature of the training was made clear from the beginning by stating that the training
is for everyone to learn from each other and collaborate together, and that the more information
they shared, the more they would achieve. This was followed by establishing ground rules with
everyone’s participation, followed by two games meant for participants to get acquainted. For all
games, participants were reminded that if they felt uncomfortable touching others or any other
actions demanded by the participants, this would be respected and they were not obligated to do
so.
After allowing a space for everyone to become more familiar with one another, the Facilitator
introduced the International Youth Leadership Academy (IYLA) along with its principles of
standing against any form of division/disunity and embracing diversity, and its goal of
connecting people. Two short YouTube videos made by past IYLA participants were also shown
to demonstrate the hopes and ambitions of other youth around the world. After the training’s
goals were explained and before completion of the first day, participants were invited to write
down and hang up what they expected to get out of the training. Expectations included bringing
out the commonalities amongst everyone, working together, and breaking down prejudices.
8
Day 2 got underway with the Facilitator reviewing together with the group their expectations as
well as their feedback on the training, expressed the previous day. Participants were reminded
that they are always encouraged to go to training staff with any concerns. After the day’s agenda
was gone over, the Facilitator dove into the training’s first content of discussing identity.
Participants were then instructed to create a map of their identities on one sheet of paper by using
words and drawings to characterize themselves, after which, participants were left to walk
around the conference room sharing their identities with each other. When they reconvened as a
group, participants remarked how though they had many differences, they also shared many
things in common, such as enjoying music, loving peace, and liking to helping each other. After
the exercise, the Facilitator led the group in discussing the topic of our perceptions, prejudices,
and divisions. To illustrate our prejudices the Facilitator led the group in an exercise of
constructing a portrait of a German man, where youth offer what comes to mind when they think
of a German man. Participants mentioned rich, blue eyes, blond, likes beer, disciplined, racist,
wears sandals, and Hitler; but when they were informed that the German man was actually
German-Turkish soccer player Mesut Ozil, participants could see their stereotypes of German
men did not all hold true. This opened a discussion of the prejudices/stereotypes held and
experienced by the youth themselves, which led to laughs (“People from Gaziantep love garlic.”)
as well as frustrations (“Syrians are thieves.”). Participants discussed how they could rid
themselves of identity constructions which obstruct relationship-building, and one young man
stressed that rather than trying to change the world we should work to change ourselves, then we
can be an example to others. Before ending the discussion the Facilitator stated that this training
9
is partly meant to create awareness of our prejudices so that we can remove the separations
amongst us, as individuals and as communities.
“The Step Game”
For the next exercise, each participant was given a character role indicated on a piece of paper;
characters included a company owner, a migrant, and a blind, jobless man, and each role had two
copies, one in Arabic, one in Turkish. Everyone stood in a line at one end of the conference room
and with their characters in mind they were instructed to take one step forward every time they
could respond ‘yes’ to a declaration given by the Facilitator; statements included “I have no
financial troubles,” “I am not worried the police will arrest me,” or “I can love whomever I
want.” After several declarations some individuals had reached the opposite end of the room
while some had not taken a single step forward. When opened up for discussion one young
woman who did not move said she felt like she did not exist. One interesting observation was
that some pairs who had the exact same role ended up with a large distance apart from one
another; participants attributed to this difference on our different perspectives – while one
perceived an obstacle, another did not see one and stepped forward. One person also pointed out
that one condition can be an obstacle in one country while not in another since it can depend
upon the amount of freedom or development of a society. At the end of the discussion the
Facilitator saved the last words to explain how we are born into conditions, such as familial or
societal, that put us at uneven footings with others; and there will always be people in more
fortunate or less fortunate positions, but we can make an effort to place everyone at the same
footing with the same opportunities.
Once identity, prejudices, and what divides us was discussed together, the Facilitator moved on
to define the concepts of peace, conflict and violence. The definitions of “negative peace” and
“positive peace” were shared; the differences between direct, cultural and structural violence
were explained, and more importantly, conflict was defined as a natural, unavoidable aspect of
life that can lead to peace or violence. This sparked a group conversation about violence since
many of the Syrian youth had witnessed great direct violence in Syria with their loved ones being
killed in front of them. A few Syrians wished to state that Syrians are “peaceful people” but that
the regime drove them to violence. They expressed the need to save the next generation of youth
from witnessing violence in society and in the family; otherwise they will internalize and learn
the same violent methods.
The final subjects of the day to discuss were human rights and basic needs. After everyone was
divided into five groups, participants were asked to rank their basic needs in order of importance,
first individually, then together as a group. In the very end, each small group presented its list to
the larger group, and the results were discussed. Education was an important item on every
single group’s list, and homeland was a frequently mentioned need on many Syrians’ personal
lists. Although money is not itself a need, the priority of money was a sensitive, heavily
debated issue; while some said money is a top need (one Turkish participant said a man in
10
Turkey has no honor if he has no money), others argued that non-tangibles are more important in
life. One Syrian participant expressed shock that her Turkish compatriots possessed the same
needs as she and other Syrians, though she felt Syrians were more in need. Another Syrian youth
believed that humans’ needs changed with war. Afterwards, the Facilitator shared Abraham
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs alongside peace theorist John Burton’s claims that violent conflict
is caused by the neglection of human needs, of which identity and self-esteem are of equal
importance to food and shelter. Finally, two short videos are shared, one in which the birth of
human rights is historically explained and another comical one which illustrates that even
monkeys understand when they are being treated unfairly.
Day 3 started in a similar fashion to Day 2 with the Facilitator going over the participants’
feedback from the day before to show that their thoughts have been taken seriously. Then it was
immediately off to work with the training’s most important part: analyzing living conditions in
Gaziantep. The day was devoted to understanding the conflicts youth faced, what could be
done about it, and what their roles were in the transformation.
11
On the third and final day of training, participants were invited to examine their own personal
situations living in Gaziantep. Firstly, each participant was asked to individually respond to the
question “What are the greatest obstacles you face living in Gaziantep?” to which they were
told to write down three items. Next, each participant chose the one main obstacle to hang on the
conf
eren
ce
roo
m
wall,
and
the
obst
acles
we
were
left
with
were
the
follo
wing
12
:
Using the method of “structured dialogue” participants then individually voted for three
obstacles on the wall which resonated most with their lives. In the end, after counting up
everyone’s votes, participants indicated that the top four most pressing obstacles they faced were
(in order of importance):
1) Communication/Language (20 votes)
2) Syrians not knowing their rights/laws in Turkey (13 votes)
3) Turkey’s domestic politics (12 votes)
4) Work opportunities (9 votes)
The conference room was arranged so that four separate round tables formed a station for each of
the four obstacles. A fifth station was also added for youth to discuss the remaining obstacles
voted on. Participants spent the remainder of the training moving around the conference room to
different tables in three separate rounds, each round dedicated to discussing in small groups three
different questions. The three questions, in order asked, were:
“What are the causes underlying the obstacle?”
“What are your suggestions to resolve the issue?”
“What is your role in the obstacle’s resolution and what kind of support do you need/with whom
do you need to work?”.
Analysis for Obstacle 1 – Communication/Language
Youth stated that a couple reasons for communication problems were that Syrians and Turkish
citizens had little contact and that Syrians were not able to learn the Turkish language for various
different reasons like they expected to return home soon or because of expensive
transportation to course locations. As possible solutions to the obstacle of communication,
youth mentioned having courses at the universities, promoting the courses and locations more,
increasing contact between Syrians and Turkish citizens, as well as offering translators at official
institutions. For more concrete ideas forward were i) to form a Turkish-Speaking Club and
expand Turkish language courses across the city. A representative from Gaziantep’s Youth and
Culture House (GAP) already offered to start the Turkish-speaking club, and a member of the
Syrian youth club VEFA also offered ii) to organize weekly language courses. Youth also
expressed a desire iii) to use Gaziantep’s Public Education Center for meetings.
13
Analysis for Obstacle 2 – Syrians Unaware of Rights/Laws in Turkey
Underlying reasons which youth mentioned for the problematic issue of Syrians remaining in
the dark about their rights in Turkey were their unclear legal status (guest, refugee, asylum-
seeker?) in the country, language barrier, and lack of information provided by both the Turkish
government and the local opposition Syrian government headquartered in Gaziantep. One Syrian
participant said websites existed (i.e. Turkpress, Dubara) which had Arabic translations of
Turkish laws, but it was clear that many Syrians were not aware of them. Suggested solutions to
address the obstacle were making public announcements on TV which informed Syrians of laws,
i) creating a YouTube channel to share information, and ii) pressing the government to give
Syrians identification cards. When speaking about their own roles in the matter, both Syrian
and Turkish university law students suggested iii) they organize a volunteer group and a
young graphic designer in the group offered to design a brochure which would explain laws
in Arabic.
Analysis for Obstacle 3 – Turkey’s Domestic Politics
Several participants found Turkey’s domestic politics an obstacle in their lives for the reasons
that it turned a humanitarian issue into a political issue, it incited Turkish citizens against Syrians
due to internal political loyalties, and Turkish residents saw themselves as competing against
Syrians for governmental assistance. Suggestions to resolve the conflict included i) stopping
misinformation spread by media and ii) transforming the Syrians into an organized
community with a voice. Youth expressed a need for the local government to work with civil
organizations to iii) devise campaigns that increase connections between Syrians and
Turkish citizens (i.e. exchanging cards and gifts) and organize events that allow Turkish
citizens to understand the plight and suffering of Syrians (i.e. photograph exhibitions).
Analysis for Obstacle 4 – Work Opportunities
Work opportunities are another major obstacle for which reasons youth stated were the language
barrier, an ignorance of Turkish work laws, inability to get work permits, child labor, prejudices
of Turkish employers, and lack of jobs for skilled workers. Possible resolutions offered by youth
are i) more support for learning Turkish, ii) recognizing Syrian certification, and iii)
assisting the underage who cannot work. Participants said that the government should assume
its role of helping Syrians receive work permits and that they need support being connected to
jobs and finding courses which offer job training.
14
General Challenges in the Training
The largest challenge faced during the training was communication. Almost no Turkish citizen
spoke Arabic, very few Syrian citizens spoke Turkish and even then only a small amount, and
very few people in the group also spoke English. When the Facilitator addressed the group as a
whole, translation headset systems and professional translators removed the communication gap
with little problem. However, during separate group activities or whenever participants worked
in pairs, communication between Syrian and Turkish citizens presented an obstacle. Although it
did not eliminate the problem completely, the staff tried to remedy this by having the two
translators personally attend to small groups as much as they could and by also arranging groups
to have at least one Syrian who spoke Turkish. Communication/language issues is an
overarching problem for Syrians (as will be discussed later), so with more language support in
the city for Syrians, this will hopefully be less of a problem in future trainings.
A second challenge was that some participants came to the training already knowing other
participants, which made participants who did not know anyone beforehand feel lonely and
excluded. After receiving feedback on this matter, as a remedy a greater effort was made to
frequently mix the participants during the group and pair activities. It is observed that each day,
participants from separate communities had been closer to each other.
15
16
Training Findings
During the entire duration of the training participants were invited to share their personal
thoughts and meanings attached to the three central concepts of peace, conflict and violence by
posting them to papers on a wall, using a different color post for each of the days. A striking
observation is that the most common way to define all three concepts was in relation to
understanding; peace was equated with understanding, and conflict and violence were defined as
a lack of understanding. Another common way Syrians defined conflict and violence was to
equate them with sectarianism.
Please see Annex 1 for the entire collection of thoughts.
For more details please see Annex 2.
17
Evaluation
Participants took pre and post tests. Facilitation team conducted these tests in order to measure
the impact of training content as well as to hear feedback from the participants regarding to the
quality of training, trainers and facilitators, and training environment.
Here are the results:
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Youth in Peace Education
pre-test post-test
18
Based on this result, it can be argued that knowledge of participants on conflict, conflict analysis,
conflict resolution, discrimination, peace, violence and human rights has increased. However, it
is seen that there is a slightly less increase in realizing and naming the conflicts and existing
prejudices in the society. We can assume that participants are already aware the current situation
in Gaziantep.
Another result displays the evaluation of the participants on training:
We can see that training team should work on the content of the training abit more. Together with this
duration of training can be increased. Participants generally liked about the venue and logistics of the
training.
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Training, Trainer(s) and Environment
19
What did they say?
Question #24: What was the most useful information for you? What was the most
important session for you to be supported?
Mutual solutions should be found out between Syrian and Turkish people.
Turkish people are not aware of heartbreaking facts in Syria. They are not aware of the extent of
destruction. We have not come here as tourists.
Thanks for your efforts. I hope we will find a solution.
Reaching an understanding of the concept of peace in Syrian and Turkish communities.
Understanding the solutions, finding proper questions in terms of problems and attaining positive
thinking.
Strengthening interpersonal communication. Ignoring disputes and focusing on common
grounds.
Explaining the concepts of peace and conflict.
Questions that can reveal the problem.
Everybody has already known the information provided, but it was good to know what other
people think.
Thanks for your efforts in identifying the reasons of the problems, finding solutions and
identifying the parties that cause these problems.
Understanding and being aware of human rights.
The most important thing is to sustain communication with Turkish brothers and sisters,
exchange information and make new friends.
Fully explaining the concept of peace. Meeting new Turkish friends.
The information was awesome. Our thoughts have been clarified.
The best part of the training was identifying the problems and trying to find solutions.
Empowering the friendship between Syrian and Turkish people is significant.
Mutual discussion, listening what other people say and sharing my opinions.
Integration of Syrian and Turkish youth.
20
To me, the primary aspect of the training that I also support is the socio-cultural solution.
Solution process and problem analysis, human rights.
To me, it was important to be with Syrian young people.
Introduction
It was highly useful for raising awareness.
Conflict
Additional Comments:
I hope we will keep in touch and these kinds of trainings will constantly be provided between
Syrian and Turkish people. Thank you.
It was absolutely effective. For me, it will not finish with having this training. I believe I will
achieve many things with Gaziantep Center for Youth and Culture.
I hope we will develop a mutual solution.
I want these trainings that bring our Syrian and Turkish friends together continue in the future.
Increasing the number of participants and finding solutions to the problems in overpopulated
zones.
Thanks everyone. I want the communication between Turkish and Syrian people continue in
order to finish what we have started.
Thanks for your efforts. Peace is a universal issue. Everything is possible with the energy of our
youth.
Disseminating these kinds of activities. Enhancing the trainings for peace.
Thanks for your efforts. To me the most important thing is to learn the language and how to get
along with each other. We have a lot to teach each other.
I wish the training period were more than 3 days.
It was very good to organize training activity between Turkish and Syrian people. I hope the
trainings are repeated.
I hope the team continues to work for achieving the objectives. I hope this training becomes a
start-up of a beneficial project between Turkish and Syrian people.
21
Enhancing information to be provided to the participants. It will be great to maintain the
communication between Turkish and Syrian people.
It was a pretty successful training, thank you.
I wish a mechanism such as an executive council would be established in Gaziantep. And I am
ready to actively participate in this mechanism.
If you have a dream and we wish this dream to come true, we should not give up and proceed
fearlessly without any break.
22
Conclusion – Going Forward
“The true measure of valid human interactions is the capacity of those involved to alleviate
human sufferings and improve the human condition,” says Dr. Francis S. Nicol, a Professor of
Practice in the School of Education at Argosy University. During the two-and-a-half day peace
training in Gaziantep, Turkey, the suffering of Syrians or Turkish youth may not have been lifted
in a noticeable way, but with expanded support invested in the directions indicated by the
participants during the training, then suffering will likely transform to a more peaceful
coexistence. Youth in Gaziantep are currently living in a period of conflict and change, but
conflict can be a beautiful aspect of life that brings forth progress if handled with an
understanding of peacebuilding.
Just as Facilitator Elif Kalan stated on the final day, this training is important because as an
organized group assembled for a common goal, we can discuss matters and find strength
together. A frequent suggestion of the training’s participants was the need for Syrians to organize
amongst themselves in order to address the obstacles they face in Gaziantep, meaning many feel
vulnerable and they have unmet needs. One notices from participants’ feedback regarding their
lives’ obstacles that each obstacle has a negative influence upon the others. For example, the
language obstacle only adds difficulty or is one of the causes to the obstacle of finding work and
the obstacle of knowing Turkey’s laws, or the obstacle of domestic political squabbles is itself an
obstacle to Syrians finding jobs. And the prevalence of prejudices and generalizations especially
is a huge hindrance to any form of harmonious integration of Syrian and Turkish communities.
As one Syrian participant stated, the most important thing for Syrians is to integrate into Turkish
society.
A Facebook group has been created, and everyone who participated in the training has been
invited to share and remain active. The online tool is meant to keep the connections between the
participants alive, and participants have already used it to meet. During the training Nilgun
Çavuşoğlu from UNICEF expressed the expectation that participants continue to be a part of the
network and even be future trainers. The effort which began in December 2014 in Gaziantep was
only just a small step and, therefore, should enlarge and spread, and youth should realize that
they are powerful change agents who can transform conflict into peace.
In an increasingly globalized world, it is indisputable that war in one country affects the entire
region. Syria’s war has led to more than one million Syrians seeking refuge in Turkey. Naturally,
this huge wave of people has repercussions for Turkish citizens as well, and history has often
shown that violent conflict can erupt if social problems are left to simmer too long, so an active
and sustained effort must be made to harmoniously integrate Syrians into Turkish society,
including youth.
PEACE CONFLICT VIOLENCE
Not tolerance, RESPECT / Eachpersonis unique! / All
childrenshould smile
Those who start conflict are lyingintheir homes!!! Individuals and societytryingto impose their owntruths /
Those who want war should be thrownina boilingpot
(violently)
Understanding/ Right to choose one's religion/ Love /
Respectingothers
War / Difference / Lack ofunderstanding Fighting/ Intolerance and segration/ Violence ingeneralin
Syria has increased so much, whichhas a negative effect on
socialviolence; this has a negative effect onwomenand
children, and now there is no deterrent
A livingenvironment without anytype ofviolence / Peace at
home, peace inthe world / Humanity's future / Peace is
required for society's tranquility/ Universalpeace / Turkeyand
Syria hand inhand for PEACE / Inorder for world peace, we
must first start withourselves; for peace inTurkeyeveryone
livinginthis countrymust take action
Since individuals possess different ideas conflict arises between
them/ Armed or unarmed conflict? / Most ofthe time peoples'
basic needs start conflicts
As a womanexperiencingverbalviolence makes me
uncomfortable / Educationis necessary/ It is naturalfor each
individualinTurkeyto come across violence
Intelligence / Islam/ Knowledge and understandingofothers /
Justice and understanding/ Peace without justice can't be / The
brain/ Our religionurges us to peace / Understanding/ The
respect ofrights / The word whichhumanbeings move away
from/ To live a decent life ina safe communityina tolerant
countryina world respectingprivacy
Syria / Inhumane / No result / Sectarianism/ Eventhe law of
the jungle does not include conflict / A dispute betweentwo
persons or two groups
The shortest wayto destruction/ Violence onfour levels:
Domestic, societal, state, global/ Violence does not mean
power / Ignoringthe other / Stupidity/ Sectarianism/
Extremism/ The coward's option/ The other face /
Disregardingrights / The animalityofhumanbeings
Conviviality Politics / Disrespect for the other opinion Violence cancome froma word and it canbe more hurtful
thana bullet / Sometimes difference leads to violence
End ofthe war / Respect and understanding/ The freedomof
detainees / Returningto the homeland
Sectarianism/ Tyrants / Lack ofunderstanding/ Devastation/
Discrimination
Coercion/ Collapse / Dailyaction/ The Middle East / Beating
/ Sectarianism
DAY1
DAY2
DAY3
Annex 1 - PERSONAL PERCEPTIONS
Annex2 -OBSTACLES FACING YOUTHIN GAZIANTEP
COMMUNICATION/LANGUAGE SYRIANSUNWAREOFRIGHTS/LAWS TURKEY'SPOLITICS WORKOPPORTUNITIES OTHER
UNDERLYING
CAUSES
SyriansnotcommittedtoTurkishlanguagecourses/
Transportationtocoursesistooexpensive/No
socialmixingbetweenTurksandSyrians/
Ambiguousfuture- Syrianshopetoreturnhome/
Difficulttolearnfast/BarriersbetweenTurksand
Syrians
NooutlettoinformSyrians/Language/Syrian
oppositiongovernmentdoesnotdoenough/Syrians
havenotmadeanorganizedeffort/Mediadoesnot
focusonissue/Turkishgovernmentandcivil
organizationsdon'tdoenough/Lawschangedaily/
Turksarealsoignorantoflaws/Poortranslationof
laws/Syrianscannotfindlaws/Legalstatusis
unclear/PeoplethinkSyriansareleavingsoon
anyway
UsingSyriaasapoliticalcard/ UsingSyriansas
cheaplabor/SeeingSyrianissueasapoliticalrather
thanhumanitarianissue/TurksthinkingSyriansare
takingawaygovernmentalfinancialsupportfromthem
/TurksthinkingSyriansarehurtingTurkey/
IncitementofTurksagainstSyriansbecauseof
politics/TurksjealousofSyriansiftheythinkSyrians
havemorethantheydo
Childlabor/Language/Prejudices/Syriansdo
notknowworklaws/Lowincome,expensive
living/Labormarket/Unclearfuture/Syrians
can'tgetworkpermission/Notenoughjobsfor
somanySyrians/Difficultworkingconditions/
Noopportunitiesforskilledworkers/
Dependencyculture/Turkey'seconomicsituation
/PreferencetohireTurks/Differentcultureand
traditions
Prejudicesandgeneralizations/
Trust
RESOLUTION
SUGGESTIONS
Language coursesatuniversities/Informpeople
locationofcourses/Translators atofficialinstitutions
/MoreconnectionsbetweenTurksandSyrians/
Mediaawarenessaboutnecessityandbenefitof
learningTurkish/Increasewillofyouthandwomen
tolearnTurkish/OfferEnglishteachers
AcenterforcommunicationbetweenTurksand
Syrians;havescheduledmeetings/10-20minuteads
onpublicTV(TRTArabic)toinform/Identification
cards/YouTubechannelsoshareinfooninternet
Restrictthemisinformingmedia;itshouldhave
positiverole/Syriansshouldorganize;transform
Syrianrefugeesintoacommunity/Citygovernment
andcivilorganizationsshouldcollaboratetodevise
campaigns
LearningTurkish/Increaseminimumwage/Have
specializedcertificationforjobsandrecognize
Syriancertifications/Assisttheunderagewho
cannotwork
Formgroups/Civilorganizations,
universities,etcshouldallwork
together
ROLESAND
SUPPORT
NEEDS
Makecoursesfree(citygovernment)orcourses
organizedattheuniversities/Brochures/Turkish-
speakingclub(GAP:GençlikveKültürEviwillstart
one!)/HavemorecooperationbetweenTurkishand
Syrianyouthforlearning/Civilorganizationsshould
supportrelationsbetweenTurksandSyrianswith
activities,trainings,sports,tourism/Needtousethe
PublicEducationCenter/Needtofindtranslators
andteachers/Needtomeetwithorganizationsthat
canexpandlanguagecourses/VEFAGençlikcan
organizeweeklyormonthlycourses!/Mustadvertise
coursesbetter(ASAMhascoursesalready)
SyrianandTurkishlawstudentsalreadyvolunteered
toformagroup/Bilal(graphicdesigner)canhelp
createanArabiclanguagebrochureaboutrights
NeedsupportofAFATandcitygovernment/Devise
campaignstoconnecttheheartsofSyriansandTurks
(exchangingcardsandgifts)/Photoexhibitionsto
showSyriansufferingsoTurksunderstandSyrian
situation/Childreninschoolshouldbecomeawareof
situation/InformSyriansoflawssolegalwrongs
don'taffectpublicopinionofSyrians
PassalawtoallowSyrianstowork/HelpSyrians
toseekworkpermits/Connectingpeopletojobs
/CoursesfortrainingSyriansforjobs/
GovernmentshouldhelpwithIDcards
Everyoneshouldparticipatein
activities/Haveameetingtogether
asvolunteers/Needsupportfor
culturalactivities
25
Annex 3: Program of the Training
Day 1/
Sep 23
Day 2/
Sep 24
Day 3/
Sep 25
Session I Arrivals Identity and Perceptions
Conflict and Analysis and
Situation Analysis in
Gaziantep
Break Coffee break Coffee break
Session II Meeting with the team
Prejudice and Discrimination
(Empathy)
Conflict and Analysis and
Situation Analysis in
Gaziantep
Break Lunch Lunch Lunch
Session III Getting to know each other Peace, Violence, Conflict
What should I do? and
Future Plan
Break Coffee break Coffee break Coffee break
Session IV
IYLA Project Presentation
Expectation and Opportunities
Human Rights and Needs
General Evaluation
Feedback Time Daily Reflection
Break Dinner Dinner Farewell Dinner
26
Annex 4: Participant’s List:
S.N AD SOYAD‫سم‬ ‫اال‬ ‫شهرة‬ ‫وال‬
KURUM-
İL‫سة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ال‬
GÖREV‫فة‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وظ‬ ‫ال‬
GSM‫م‬ ‫رق‬
‫جوال‬ ‫ال‬
E.MAIL
1 ABDULLAH HADRİ GAZİANTEP AVUKAT 0551133 28 74 abdullahhadri@hotmail.com
2 ABDULRAHİM AMMAR GAZİANTEP GRAFİK DESİNATÖRÜ
0535 688 70
81
abdulrahim.ammar@sada.pro
3 AHMED AL İBRAHİM GAZİANTEP TERCÜMAN
0538 074 77
16
ahmed90_59@hotmail.com
4 AHMED BİLAL HALLAK GAZİANTEP DESİNATÖR
0543 550 22
74
b.hallak12@gmail.com
5 AHMET AKSOY GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0535 021 12
44
aksoya1304@gmail.com
6 ALİA ALWANİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0507 091 44
42
aliaa1992@gmail.com
7 ASLAN ALLAZ GAZİANTEP GAZETECİ
0535 433 96
20
aslan.aslan@live.com
8 ATAKAN AVCI İZMİR ÖĞRENCİ
0531 498 82
74
atakanavci19@gmail.com
9 AYA ABDULLAH GAZİANTEP TERCÜMAN
0539 504 40
93
ayaabdullah09@gmail.com
10 AYÇA K.GÜRALP İSTANBUL GÖNÜLLÜ
0537 030 93
30
akguralp@gmail.com
11 AYŞEGÜL ŞAHİN GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0506 166 83
84
ayse-kaseri38@hotmail.com
12 AZİZ AYAZ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0551 213 63
53
aziz_aslan36@hotmail.com
13 BESİL FERAL GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0553 587 26
00
basel.elc133@hotmail.com
14 BÜŞRA AÇIKKAŞLI GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0505 275 50
41
busracikkasli@gmail.com
15 DÖNE KAHVECİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0505 851 42
53
deniz-khvc@hotmail.com
27
16 DUAA ASİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRETMEN
0531 577 43
97
assi2014ddd@gmail.com
17 ELİF KALAN İSTANBUL
0505 578 91
61
elifkalan@gmail.com
18 EMİNE ASLAN GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0505 699 64
23
emineaslan.ea@gmail.com
19 ERCAN KILINÇ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0541 779 38
77
kilincercan27@gmail.com
20 FATMA ARSLAN ANKARA ÖĞRENCİ
0555 845 24
27
fa.arslann@gmail.com
21 HALİT FEREÇ GAZİANTEP TERCÜMAN
0531 604 13
43
khalid.bit89@hotmail.com
22 HAMİDE ŞIH HASAN GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0506 178 86
08
hamida.sh994@gmail.com
23 HAYRİ BÜYÜKKAPANCI GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0505 800 01
78
hayribyk@gmail.com
24 HİKMED EMED GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0534 042 75
88
gneed90@yahoo.com
25 İSMAİL NOYAN ANKARA ÖĞRENCİ
0506 113 00
73
26 JOUMAN TFKJİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0534 911 78
54
juana1d94@gmail.com
27 LORİN İSSA GAZİANTEP REKLAMCI
0537 292 87
19
lorin_issa@hotmail.com
28 MEZGEEN SHEİKH HASAN GAZİANTEP DRC
0553 608 25
53
mezgeen.sh.h@gmail.com
29 MOHAMMAD ASSİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0534 879 35
32
assi112@hotmail.com
30 MUHAMMED FARİK GAZİANTEP CARE/PC
0535 025 15
02
muhammed.farik@co.care.org
31 OBAİDA BATHHİSH GAZİANTEP ORDİNATÖR
0538 970 56
00
obaida-92@hotmail.com
32 ONUR EYYÜPOĞLU GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0553 266 95
53
oeyyupoglu1@gmail.com
28
33 ORHAN TAŞDOĞAN GAZİANTEP GENÇLİK ÇALIŞANI
0506 270 20
80
orhandasdogan@gmail.com
34 OSMAN ALLAZ KAHRAMANMARAŞ ÖĞRENCİ
0534 726 66
41
mano.aslan@live.com
35 ÖMER FARUK KAYMAZ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0538 650 28
83
eem_ofmkaymaz@hotmail.com
36 RAİL ASİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0553 007 47
94
r.a.96@outlook.sa
37 REEM SABBAGH GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0539 545 34
73
remo10@windowslive.com
38 SALAH DBAGH GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0536 209 80
00
salah91sy@gmail.com
39 SELMAN ERKAN ZONGULDAK ÖĞRENCİ
0542 407 88
88
40 SEMİH AVCI GAZİANTEP GENÇLİK ÇALIŞANI
0530 923 07
27
semihavci27@msn.com
41 SUHİLA WAFAİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0551 121 12
88
suhila.wafai@hotmail.com
42 SUZAN VEFAİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0551 121 12
88
suzan.wafai@hotmail.com
43 ŞEVKİYE GEZİCİ GAZİANTEP GÖNÜLLÜ
0507 542 15
08
svky.gzc.1993@gmail.com
44 ÜMİT OĞAN GAZİANTEP GENÇLİK PROJE KOOR.
0507 666 02
50
uwit.ogan@gmail.com
45 WAFA ALDABAGH GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ
0536 819 81
57
wafa92.wd@gmail.com
46 YOUSEUF SHENDİ GAZİANTEP DESİNATÖR
0537 570 93
09
sniper9630@gmail.com

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Gaziantep Peace Training_report_final

  • 1. Peace Training International Youth Leadership Academy 1/20/2015 Gaziantep, Turkey December 19 – 21, 2014 Supported by UNICEF and Habitat Center for Governance and Development
  • 2. 2 Content Aims and Objectives......................................................................................................................................3 Participants ...................................................................................................................................................4 Profile of the Participants .........................................................................................................................4 Methodology.................................................................................................................................................5 Program.........................................................................................................................................................6 Day 1 .........................................................................................................................................................7 Day 2 .........................................................................................................................................................8 Day 3 .......................................................................................................................................................10 Analysis for Obstacle 1 – Communication/Language .........................................................................12 Analysis for Obstacle 2 – Syrians Unaware of Rights/Laws in Turkey.................................................13 Analysis for Obstacle 3 – Turkey’s Domestic Politics..........................................................................13 Analysis for Obstacle 4 – Work Opportunities....................................................................................13 General Challenges in the Training.............................................................................................................14 Training Findings.........................................................................................................................................16 Evaluation ...................................................................................................................................................17 Conclusion – Going Forward.......................................................................................................................22 Annexes
  • 3. 3 Aims and Objectives The central mission of the peace training was to humbly serve as a first step forward in the long- term goal of improving the social relationships amongst the Syria-originated and Turkey- originated communities within Gaziantep. The aim was absolutely not to resolve any conflicts, but rather to create a common ground for young people from both side to take initiative in peacebuilding between two societies living in Turkey and this was repeatedly stated to training participants. Understanding that the path of transformation is long and that for some Syrians this training was their first time interacting with Turkish youth, the training’s aim was to allow a space where the youth can begin the process of understanding and respecting each other, and building relationships. In other words, the project ascribes to the “Healthy Relationships and Connections” theory of change as laid out by the peacebuilding organization Search for Common Ground. The more specific objectives presented during the training were the following:  Create a space where youth in Gaziantep can openly voice what they and also listen to what others are living through  Allow participants to express and, in turn, listen to different perspectives  Characterize the situations at hand and discuss conflicts  Discuss possible conflict resolution options and the support needed for this  Establish communication
  • 4. 4 Participants The training was attended by 30 youth of mixed sex from Turkey and Syria, all residing in Gaziantep. Ages ranged from 16 years at the youngest to 30 years at the oldest, and the majority was comprised of university students. In addition, one participant, herself an Iraqi refugee, was an employee of ASAM, which is a Turkish civil society organization that provides psychological as well as integration support for asylum-seekers and migrants. One Turkish participant was a member of the Youth and Culture House (Gençlik ve Kültür Evi of GAP Project), a volunteer group that works with youth in Turkey, and several Syrian participants were members of VEFA Group, a Syrian volunteer group in Gaziantep made up of men and women, youth 20 years and up. Training staff consisted of Elif Kalan as the Facilitator; Nilgun Çavuşoğlu as a co-facilitator and representing UNICEF; Assistant Facilitators Osman Allaz, Aslan Allaz, Fatma Arslan, Atakan Avci, Selman Erkan, Ayca K. Guralp, and Ismail Noyan; and translators. Profile of the Participants Representation 6 Youth Council 4 Youth NGO 7 Individual 4 Youth Center 3 Youth Culture House 3 ASAM, CARE Recent Education 18 High school 7 2 years-uni 5 Undergraduate Employment 11 fulltime employee 3 part-time employee 13 student 2 unemployed How did you learn about this training? 1 - website 8 - Facebook 19 - friends Please see Annex 4 to see the full participants’ list.
  • 5. 5 Methodology The entire training was designed and conducted from start to end with a methodology rooted in peace and conflict theory. Based upon John Paul Lederach’s concepts1 , a mix of prescriptive and elicitive training models were utilized to both instruct the participants on the peace field’s academic definitions of peace, conflict, and violence (prescriptive) as well as to draw forth the perspectives and unique experiences of youth living in Gaziantep (elicitive). In addition, Benjamin Broome’s model of “structured dialogue” was relied upon on Day 3 to discuss the specific issues in Gaziantep and possible steps to alleviate the conditions. 1 John Paul Lederach, Preparing for Peace: Conflict Transformation Across Cultures
  • 6. 6 Program The two-and-a-half day program consisted of a mix of presentations by the Facilitator, games to allow active participation and to illustrate certain points, small-group activities, group presentations, and open discussions. An overview of the program agenda2 is seen below: Day 1 ∙Getting to Know Each Other ∙The UGLA Project, Goals, and Expectations Day 2 ∙Identity and Perceptions ∙Prejudices and Separation (Empathy) ∙Peace, Violence, and Conflict ∙Human Rights and Needs Day 3 ∙Analyzing the Gaziantep Situation ∙What Can I Do? ∙General Evaluation 2 See the dteailed program as Annex 3
  • 7. 7 Day 1 began with some words of welcome, statements of purpose for the training, along with some very positive words by the facilitator, co-facilitator, the Syrian Assistant Facilitators (Osman and Aslan Allaz) and the UNICEF representative. The elicitive rather than purely prescriptive nature of the training was made clear from the beginning by stating that the training is for everyone to learn from each other and collaborate together, and that the more information they shared, the more they would achieve. This was followed by establishing ground rules with everyone’s participation, followed by two games meant for participants to get acquainted. For all games, participants were reminded that if they felt uncomfortable touching others or any other actions demanded by the participants, this would be respected and they were not obligated to do so. After allowing a space for everyone to become more familiar with one another, the Facilitator introduced the International Youth Leadership Academy (IYLA) along with its principles of standing against any form of division/disunity and embracing diversity, and its goal of connecting people. Two short YouTube videos made by past IYLA participants were also shown to demonstrate the hopes and ambitions of other youth around the world. After the training’s goals were explained and before completion of the first day, participants were invited to write down and hang up what they expected to get out of the training. Expectations included bringing out the commonalities amongst everyone, working together, and breaking down prejudices.
  • 8. 8 Day 2 got underway with the Facilitator reviewing together with the group their expectations as well as their feedback on the training, expressed the previous day. Participants were reminded that they are always encouraged to go to training staff with any concerns. After the day’s agenda was gone over, the Facilitator dove into the training’s first content of discussing identity. Participants were then instructed to create a map of their identities on one sheet of paper by using words and drawings to characterize themselves, after which, participants were left to walk around the conference room sharing their identities with each other. When they reconvened as a group, participants remarked how though they had many differences, they also shared many things in common, such as enjoying music, loving peace, and liking to helping each other. After the exercise, the Facilitator led the group in discussing the topic of our perceptions, prejudices, and divisions. To illustrate our prejudices the Facilitator led the group in an exercise of constructing a portrait of a German man, where youth offer what comes to mind when they think of a German man. Participants mentioned rich, blue eyes, blond, likes beer, disciplined, racist, wears sandals, and Hitler; but when they were informed that the German man was actually German-Turkish soccer player Mesut Ozil, participants could see their stereotypes of German men did not all hold true. This opened a discussion of the prejudices/stereotypes held and experienced by the youth themselves, which led to laughs (“People from Gaziantep love garlic.”) as well as frustrations (“Syrians are thieves.”). Participants discussed how they could rid themselves of identity constructions which obstruct relationship-building, and one young man stressed that rather than trying to change the world we should work to change ourselves, then we can be an example to others. Before ending the discussion the Facilitator stated that this training
  • 9. 9 is partly meant to create awareness of our prejudices so that we can remove the separations amongst us, as individuals and as communities. “The Step Game” For the next exercise, each participant was given a character role indicated on a piece of paper; characters included a company owner, a migrant, and a blind, jobless man, and each role had two copies, one in Arabic, one in Turkish. Everyone stood in a line at one end of the conference room and with their characters in mind they were instructed to take one step forward every time they could respond ‘yes’ to a declaration given by the Facilitator; statements included “I have no financial troubles,” “I am not worried the police will arrest me,” or “I can love whomever I want.” After several declarations some individuals had reached the opposite end of the room while some had not taken a single step forward. When opened up for discussion one young woman who did not move said she felt like she did not exist. One interesting observation was that some pairs who had the exact same role ended up with a large distance apart from one another; participants attributed to this difference on our different perspectives – while one perceived an obstacle, another did not see one and stepped forward. One person also pointed out that one condition can be an obstacle in one country while not in another since it can depend upon the amount of freedom or development of a society. At the end of the discussion the Facilitator saved the last words to explain how we are born into conditions, such as familial or societal, that put us at uneven footings with others; and there will always be people in more fortunate or less fortunate positions, but we can make an effort to place everyone at the same footing with the same opportunities. Once identity, prejudices, and what divides us was discussed together, the Facilitator moved on to define the concepts of peace, conflict and violence. The definitions of “negative peace” and “positive peace” were shared; the differences between direct, cultural and structural violence were explained, and more importantly, conflict was defined as a natural, unavoidable aspect of life that can lead to peace or violence. This sparked a group conversation about violence since many of the Syrian youth had witnessed great direct violence in Syria with their loved ones being killed in front of them. A few Syrians wished to state that Syrians are “peaceful people” but that the regime drove them to violence. They expressed the need to save the next generation of youth from witnessing violence in society and in the family; otherwise they will internalize and learn the same violent methods. The final subjects of the day to discuss were human rights and basic needs. After everyone was divided into five groups, participants were asked to rank their basic needs in order of importance, first individually, then together as a group. In the very end, each small group presented its list to the larger group, and the results were discussed. Education was an important item on every single group’s list, and homeland was a frequently mentioned need on many Syrians’ personal lists. Although money is not itself a need, the priority of money was a sensitive, heavily debated issue; while some said money is a top need (one Turkish participant said a man in
  • 10. 10 Turkey has no honor if he has no money), others argued that non-tangibles are more important in life. One Syrian participant expressed shock that her Turkish compatriots possessed the same needs as she and other Syrians, though she felt Syrians were more in need. Another Syrian youth believed that humans’ needs changed with war. Afterwards, the Facilitator shared Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs alongside peace theorist John Burton’s claims that violent conflict is caused by the neglection of human needs, of which identity and self-esteem are of equal importance to food and shelter. Finally, two short videos are shared, one in which the birth of human rights is historically explained and another comical one which illustrates that even monkeys understand when they are being treated unfairly. Day 3 started in a similar fashion to Day 2 with the Facilitator going over the participants’ feedback from the day before to show that their thoughts have been taken seriously. Then it was immediately off to work with the training’s most important part: analyzing living conditions in Gaziantep. The day was devoted to understanding the conflicts youth faced, what could be done about it, and what their roles were in the transformation.
  • 11. 11 On the third and final day of training, participants were invited to examine their own personal situations living in Gaziantep. Firstly, each participant was asked to individually respond to the question “What are the greatest obstacles you face living in Gaziantep?” to which they were told to write down three items. Next, each participant chose the one main obstacle to hang on the conf eren ce roo m wall, and the obst acles we were left with were the follo wing
  • 12. 12 : Using the method of “structured dialogue” participants then individually voted for three obstacles on the wall which resonated most with their lives. In the end, after counting up everyone’s votes, participants indicated that the top four most pressing obstacles they faced were (in order of importance): 1) Communication/Language (20 votes) 2) Syrians not knowing their rights/laws in Turkey (13 votes) 3) Turkey’s domestic politics (12 votes) 4) Work opportunities (9 votes) The conference room was arranged so that four separate round tables formed a station for each of the four obstacles. A fifth station was also added for youth to discuss the remaining obstacles voted on. Participants spent the remainder of the training moving around the conference room to different tables in three separate rounds, each round dedicated to discussing in small groups three different questions. The three questions, in order asked, were: “What are the causes underlying the obstacle?” “What are your suggestions to resolve the issue?” “What is your role in the obstacle’s resolution and what kind of support do you need/with whom do you need to work?”. Analysis for Obstacle 1 – Communication/Language Youth stated that a couple reasons for communication problems were that Syrians and Turkish citizens had little contact and that Syrians were not able to learn the Turkish language for various different reasons like they expected to return home soon or because of expensive transportation to course locations. As possible solutions to the obstacle of communication, youth mentioned having courses at the universities, promoting the courses and locations more, increasing contact between Syrians and Turkish citizens, as well as offering translators at official institutions. For more concrete ideas forward were i) to form a Turkish-Speaking Club and expand Turkish language courses across the city. A representative from Gaziantep’s Youth and Culture House (GAP) already offered to start the Turkish-speaking club, and a member of the Syrian youth club VEFA also offered ii) to organize weekly language courses. Youth also expressed a desire iii) to use Gaziantep’s Public Education Center for meetings.
  • 13. 13 Analysis for Obstacle 2 – Syrians Unaware of Rights/Laws in Turkey Underlying reasons which youth mentioned for the problematic issue of Syrians remaining in the dark about their rights in Turkey were their unclear legal status (guest, refugee, asylum- seeker?) in the country, language barrier, and lack of information provided by both the Turkish government and the local opposition Syrian government headquartered in Gaziantep. One Syrian participant said websites existed (i.e. Turkpress, Dubara) which had Arabic translations of Turkish laws, but it was clear that many Syrians were not aware of them. Suggested solutions to address the obstacle were making public announcements on TV which informed Syrians of laws, i) creating a YouTube channel to share information, and ii) pressing the government to give Syrians identification cards. When speaking about their own roles in the matter, both Syrian and Turkish university law students suggested iii) they organize a volunteer group and a young graphic designer in the group offered to design a brochure which would explain laws in Arabic. Analysis for Obstacle 3 – Turkey’s Domestic Politics Several participants found Turkey’s domestic politics an obstacle in their lives for the reasons that it turned a humanitarian issue into a political issue, it incited Turkish citizens against Syrians due to internal political loyalties, and Turkish residents saw themselves as competing against Syrians for governmental assistance. Suggestions to resolve the conflict included i) stopping misinformation spread by media and ii) transforming the Syrians into an organized community with a voice. Youth expressed a need for the local government to work with civil organizations to iii) devise campaigns that increase connections between Syrians and Turkish citizens (i.e. exchanging cards and gifts) and organize events that allow Turkish citizens to understand the plight and suffering of Syrians (i.e. photograph exhibitions). Analysis for Obstacle 4 – Work Opportunities Work opportunities are another major obstacle for which reasons youth stated were the language barrier, an ignorance of Turkish work laws, inability to get work permits, child labor, prejudices of Turkish employers, and lack of jobs for skilled workers. Possible resolutions offered by youth are i) more support for learning Turkish, ii) recognizing Syrian certification, and iii) assisting the underage who cannot work. Participants said that the government should assume its role of helping Syrians receive work permits and that they need support being connected to jobs and finding courses which offer job training.
  • 14. 14 General Challenges in the Training The largest challenge faced during the training was communication. Almost no Turkish citizen spoke Arabic, very few Syrian citizens spoke Turkish and even then only a small amount, and very few people in the group also spoke English. When the Facilitator addressed the group as a whole, translation headset systems and professional translators removed the communication gap with little problem. However, during separate group activities or whenever participants worked in pairs, communication between Syrian and Turkish citizens presented an obstacle. Although it did not eliminate the problem completely, the staff tried to remedy this by having the two translators personally attend to small groups as much as they could and by also arranging groups to have at least one Syrian who spoke Turkish. Communication/language issues is an overarching problem for Syrians (as will be discussed later), so with more language support in the city for Syrians, this will hopefully be less of a problem in future trainings. A second challenge was that some participants came to the training already knowing other participants, which made participants who did not know anyone beforehand feel lonely and excluded. After receiving feedback on this matter, as a remedy a greater effort was made to frequently mix the participants during the group and pair activities. It is observed that each day, participants from separate communities had been closer to each other.
  • 15. 15
  • 16. 16 Training Findings During the entire duration of the training participants were invited to share their personal thoughts and meanings attached to the three central concepts of peace, conflict and violence by posting them to papers on a wall, using a different color post for each of the days. A striking observation is that the most common way to define all three concepts was in relation to understanding; peace was equated with understanding, and conflict and violence were defined as a lack of understanding. Another common way Syrians defined conflict and violence was to equate them with sectarianism. Please see Annex 1 for the entire collection of thoughts. For more details please see Annex 2.
  • 17. 17 Evaluation Participants took pre and post tests. Facilitation team conducted these tests in order to measure the impact of training content as well as to hear feedback from the participants regarding to the quality of training, trainers and facilitators, and training environment. Here are the results: 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Youth in Peace Education pre-test post-test
  • 18. 18 Based on this result, it can be argued that knowledge of participants on conflict, conflict analysis, conflict resolution, discrimination, peace, violence and human rights has increased. However, it is seen that there is a slightly less increase in realizing and naming the conflicts and existing prejudices in the society. We can assume that participants are already aware the current situation in Gaziantep. Another result displays the evaluation of the participants on training: We can see that training team should work on the content of the training abit more. Together with this duration of training can be increased. Participants generally liked about the venue and logistics of the training. 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Training, Trainer(s) and Environment
  • 19. 19 What did they say? Question #24: What was the most useful information for you? What was the most important session for you to be supported? Mutual solutions should be found out between Syrian and Turkish people. Turkish people are not aware of heartbreaking facts in Syria. They are not aware of the extent of destruction. We have not come here as tourists. Thanks for your efforts. I hope we will find a solution. Reaching an understanding of the concept of peace in Syrian and Turkish communities. Understanding the solutions, finding proper questions in terms of problems and attaining positive thinking. Strengthening interpersonal communication. Ignoring disputes and focusing on common grounds. Explaining the concepts of peace and conflict. Questions that can reveal the problem. Everybody has already known the information provided, but it was good to know what other people think. Thanks for your efforts in identifying the reasons of the problems, finding solutions and identifying the parties that cause these problems. Understanding and being aware of human rights. The most important thing is to sustain communication with Turkish brothers and sisters, exchange information and make new friends. Fully explaining the concept of peace. Meeting new Turkish friends. The information was awesome. Our thoughts have been clarified. The best part of the training was identifying the problems and trying to find solutions. Empowering the friendship between Syrian and Turkish people is significant. Mutual discussion, listening what other people say and sharing my opinions. Integration of Syrian and Turkish youth.
  • 20. 20 To me, the primary aspect of the training that I also support is the socio-cultural solution. Solution process and problem analysis, human rights. To me, it was important to be with Syrian young people. Introduction It was highly useful for raising awareness. Conflict Additional Comments: I hope we will keep in touch and these kinds of trainings will constantly be provided between Syrian and Turkish people. Thank you. It was absolutely effective. For me, it will not finish with having this training. I believe I will achieve many things with Gaziantep Center for Youth and Culture. I hope we will develop a mutual solution. I want these trainings that bring our Syrian and Turkish friends together continue in the future. Increasing the number of participants and finding solutions to the problems in overpopulated zones. Thanks everyone. I want the communication between Turkish and Syrian people continue in order to finish what we have started. Thanks for your efforts. Peace is a universal issue. Everything is possible with the energy of our youth. Disseminating these kinds of activities. Enhancing the trainings for peace. Thanks for your efforts. To me the most important thing is to learn the language and how to get along with each other. We have a lot to teach each other. I wish the training period were more than 3 days. It was very good to organize training activity between Turkish and Syrian people. I hope the trainings are repeated. I hope the team continues to work for achieving the objectives. I hope this training becomes a start-up of a beneficial project between Turkish and Syrian people.
  • 21. 21 Enhancing information to be provided to the participants. It will be great to maintain the communication between Turkish and Syrian people. It was a pretty successful training, thank you. I wish a mechanism such as an executive council would be established in Gaziantep. And I am ready to actively participate in this mechanism. If you have a dream and we wish this dream to come true, we should not give up and proceed fearlessly without any break.
  • 22. 22 Conclusion – Going Forward “The true measure of valid human interactions is the capacity of those involved to alleviate human sufferings and improve the human condition,” says Dr. Francis S. Nicol, a Professor of Practice in the School of Education at Argosy University. During the two-and-a-half day peace training in Gaziantep, Turkey, the suffering of Syrians or Turkish youth may not have been lifted in a noticeable way, but with expanded support invested in the directions indicated by the participants during the training, then suffering will likely transform to a more peaceful coexistence. Youth in Gaziantep are currently living in a period of conflict and change, but conflict can be a beautiful aspect of life that brings forth progress if handled with an understanding of peacebuilding. Just as Facilitator Elif Kalan stated on the final day, this training is important because as an organized group assembled for a common goal, we can discuss matters and find strength together. A frequent suggestion of the training’s participants was the need for Syrians to organize amongst themselves in order to address the obstacles they face in Gaziantep, meaning many feel vulnerable and they have unmet needs. One notices from participants’ feedback regarding their lives’ obstacles that each obstacle has a negative influence upon the others. For example, the language obstacle only adds difficulty or is one of the causes to the obstacle of finding work and the obstacle of knowing Turkey’s laws, or the obstacle of domestic political squabbles is itself an obstacle to Syrians finding jobs. And the prevalence of prejudices and generalizations especially is a huge hindrance to any form of harmonious integration of Syrian and Turkish communities. As one Syrian participant stated, the most important thing for Syrians is to integrate into Turkish society. A Facebook group has been created, and everyone who participated in the training has been invited to share and remain active. The online tool is meant to keep the connections between the participants alive, and participants have already used it to meet. During the training Nilgun Çavuşoğlu from UNICEF expressed the expectation that participants continue to be a part of the network and even be future trainers. The effort which began in December 2014 in Gaziantep was only just a small step and, therefore, should enlarge and spread, and youth should realize that they are powerful change agents who can transform conflict into peace. In an increasingly globalized world, it is indisputable that war in one country affects the entire region. Syria’s war has led to more than one million Syrians seeking refuge in Turkey. Naturally, this huge wave of people has repercussions for Turkish citizens as well, and history has often shown that violent conflict can erupt if social problems are left to simmer too long, so an active and sustained effort must be made to harmoniously integrate Syrians into Turkish society, including youth.
  • 23. PEACE CONFLICT VIOLENCE Not tolerance, RESPECT / Eachpersonis unique! / All childrenshould smile Those who start conflict are lyingintheir homes!!! Individuals and societytryingto impose their owntruths / Those who want war should be thrownina boilingpot (violently) Understanding/ Right to choose one's religion/ Love / Respectingothers War / Difference / Lack ofunderstanding Fighting/ Intolerance and segration/ Violence ingeneralin Syria has increased so much, whichhas a negative effect on socialviolence; this has a negative effect onwomenand children, and now there is no deterrent A livingenvironment without anytype ofviolence / Peace at home, peace inthe world / Humanity's future / Peace is required for society's tranquility/ Universalpeace / Turkeyand Syria hand inhand for PEACE / Inorder for world peace, we must first start withourselves; for peace inTurkeyeveryone livinginthis countrymust take action Since individuals possess different ideas conflict arises between them/ Armed or unarmed conflict? / Most ofthe time peoples' basic needs start conflicts As a womanexperiencingverbalviolence makes me uncomfortable / Educationis necessary/ It is naturalfor each individualinTurkeyto come across violence Intelligence / Islam/ Knowledge and understandingofothers / Justice and understanding/ Peace without justice can't be / The brain/ Our religionurges us to peace / Understanding/ The respect ofrights / The word whichhumanbeings move away from/ To live a decent life ina safe communityina tolerant countryina world respectingprivacy Syria / Inhumane / No result / Sectarianism/ Eventhe law of the jungle does not include conflict / A dispute betweentwo persons or two groups The shortest wayto destruction/ Violence onfour levels: Domestic, societal, state, global/ Violence does not mean power / Ignoringthe other / Stupidity/ Sectarianism/ Extremism/ The coward's option/ The other face / Disregardingrights / The animalityofhumanbeings Conviviality Politics / Disrespect for the other opinion Violence cancome froma word and it canbe more hurtful thana bullet / Sometimes difference leads to violence End ofthe war / Respect and understanding/ The freedomof detainees / Returningto the homeland Sectarianism/ Tyrants / Lack ofunderstanding/ Devastation/ Discrimination Coercion/ Collapse / Dailyaction/ The Middle East / Beating / Sectarianism DAY1 DAY2 DAY3 Annex 1 - PERSONAL PERCEPTIONS
  • 24. Annex2 -OBSTACLES FACING YOUTHIN GAZIANTEP COMMUNICATION/LANGUAGE SYRIANSUNWAREOFRIGHTS/LAWS TURKEY'SPOLITICS WORKOPPORTUNITIES OTHER UNDERLYING CAUSES SyriansnotcommittedtoTurkishlanguagecourses/ Transportationtocoursesistooexpensive/No socialmixingbetweenTurksandSyrians/ Ambiguousfuture- Syrianshopetoreturnhome/ Difficulttolearnfast/BarriersbetweenTurksand Syrians NooutlettoinformSyrians/Language/Syrian oppositiongovernmentdoesnotdoenough/Syrians havenotmadeanorganizedeffort/Mediadoesnot focusonissue/Turkishgovernmentandcivil organizationsdon'tdoenough/Lawschangedaily/ Turksarealsoignorantoflaws/Poortranslationof laws/Syrianscannotfindlaws/Legalstatusis unclear/PeoplethinkSyriansareleavingsoon anyway UsingSyriaasapoliticalcard/ UsingSyriansas cheaplabor/SeeingSyrianissueasapoliticalrather thanhumanitarianissue/TurksthinkingSyriansare takingawaygovernmentalfinancialsupportfromthem /TurksthinkingSyriansarehurtingTurkey/ IncitementofTurksagainstSyriansbecauseof politics/TurksjealousofSyriansiftheythinkSyrians havemorethantheydo Childlabor/Language/Prejudices/Syriansdo notknowworklaws/Lowincome,expensive living/Labormarket/Unclearfuture/Syrians can'tgetworkpermission/Notenoughjobsfor somanySyrians/Difficultworkingconditions/ Noopportunitiesforskilledworkers/ Dependencyculture/Turkey'seconomicsituation /PreferencetohireTurks/Differentcultureand traditions Prejudicesandgeneralizations/ Trust RESOLUTION SUGGESTIONS Language coursesatuniversities/Informpeople locationofcourses/Translators atofficialinstitutions /MoreconnectionsbetweenTurksandSyrians/ Mediaawarenessaboutnecessityandbenefitof learningTurkish/Increasewillofyouthandwomen tolearnTurkish/OfferEnglishteachers AcenterforcommunicationbetweenTurksand Syrians;havescheduledmeetings/10-20minuteads onpublicTV(TRTArabic)toinform/Identification cards/YouTubechannelsoshareinfooninternet Restrictthemisinformingmedia;itshouldhave positiverole/Syriansshouldorganize;transform Syrianrefugeesintoacommunity/Citygovernment andcivilorganizationsshouldcollaboratetodevise campaigns LearningTurkish/Increaseminimumwage/Have specializedcertificationforjobsandrecognize Syriancertifications/Assisttheunderagewho cannotwork Formgroups/Civilorganizations, universities,etcshouldallwork together ROLESAND SUPPORT NEEDS Makecoursesfree(citygovernment)orcourses organizedattheuniversities/Brochures/Turkish- speakingclub(GAP:GençlikveKültürEviwillstart one!)/HavemorecooperationbetweenTurkishand Syrianyouthforlearning/Civilorganizationsshould supportrelationsbetweenTurksandSyrianswith activities,trainings,sports,tourism/Needtousethe PublicEducationCenter/Needtofindtranslators andteachers/Needtomeetwithorganizationsthat canexpandlanguagecourses/VEFAGençlikcan organizeweeklyormonthlycourses!/Mustadvertise coursesbetter(ASAMhascoursesalready) SyrianandTurkishlawstudentsalreadyvolunteered toformagroup/Bilal(graphicdesigner)canhelp createanArabiclanguagebrochureaboutrights NeedsupportofAFATandcitygovernment/Devise campaignstoconnecttheheartsofSyriansandTurks (exchangingcardsandgifts)/Photoexhibitionsto showSyriansufferingsoTurksunderstandSyrian situation/Childreninschoolshouldbecomeawareof situation/InformSyriansoflawssolegalwrongs don'taffectpublicopinionofSyrians PassalawtoallowSyrianstowork/HelpSyrians toseekworkpermits/Connectingpeopletojobs /CoursesfortrainingSyriansforjobs/ GovernmentshouldhelpwithIDcards Everyoneshouldparticipatein activities/Haveameetingtogether asvolunteers/Needsupportfor culturalactivities
  • 25. 25 Annex 3: Program of the Training Day 1/ Sep 23 Day 2/ Sep 24 Day 3/ Sep 25 Session I Arrivals Identity and Perceptions Conflict and Analysis and Situation Analysis in Gaziantep Break Coffee break Coffee break Session II Meeting with the team Prejudice and Discrimination (Empathy) Conflict and Analysis and Situation Analysis in Gaziantep Break Lunch Lunch Lunch Session III Getting to know each other Peace, Violence, Conflict What should I do? and Future Plan Break Coffee break Coffee break Coffee break Session IV IYLA Project Presentation Expectation and Opportunities Human Rights and Needs General Evaluation Feedback Time Daily Reflection Break Dinner Dinner Farewell Dinner
  • 26. 26 Annex 4: Participant’s List: S.N AD SOYAD‫سم‬ ‫اال‬ ‫شهرة‬ ‫وال‬ KURUM- İL‫سة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ال‬ GÖREV‫فة‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وظ‬ ‫ال‬ GSM‫م‬ ‫رق‬ ‫جوال‬ ‫ال‬ E.MAIL 1 ABDULLAH HADRİ GAZİANTEP AVUKAT 0551133 28 74 abdullahhadri@hotmail.com 2 ABDULRAHİM AMMAR GAZİANTEP GRAFİK DESİNATÖRÜ 0535 688 70 81 abdulrahim.ammar@sada.pro 3 AHMED AL İBRAHİM GAZİANTEP TERCÜMAN 0538 074 77 16 ahmed90_59@hotmail.com 4 AHMED BİLAL HALLAK GAZİANTEP DESİNATÖR 0543 550 22 74 b.hallak12@gmail.com 5 AHMET AKSOY GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0535 021 12 44 aksoya1304@gmail.com 6 ALİA ALWANİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0507 091 44 42 aliaa1992@gmail.com 7 ASLAN ALLAZ GAZİANTEP GAZETECİ 0535 433 96 20 aslan.aslan@live.com 8 ATAKAN AVCI İZMİR ÖĞRENCİ 0531 498 82 74 atakanavci19@gmail.com 9 AYA ABDULLAH GAZİANTEP TERCÜMAN 0539 504 40 93 ayaabdullah09@gmail.com 10 AYÇA K.GÜRALP İSTANBUL GÖNÜLLÜ 0537 030 93 30 akguralp@gmail.com 11 AYŞEGÜL ŞAHİN GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0506 166 83 84 ayse-kaseri38@hotmail.com 12 AZİZ AYAZ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0551 213 63 53 aziz_aslan36@hotmail.com 13 BESİL FERAL GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0553 587 26 00 basel.elc133@hotmail.com 14 BÜŞRA AÇIKKAŞLI GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0505 275 50 41 busracikkasli@gmail.com 15 DÖNE KAHVECİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0505 851 42 53 deniz-khvc@hotmail.com
  • 27. 27 16 DUAA ASİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRETMEN 0531 577 43 97 assi2014ddd@gmail.com 17 ELİF KALAN İSTANBUL 0505 578 91 61 elifkalan@gmail.com 18 EMİNE ASLAN GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0505 699 64 23 emineaslan.ea@gmail.com 19 ERCAN KILINÇ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0541 779 38 77 kilincercan27@gmail.com 20 FATMA ARSLAN ANKARA ÖĞRENCİ 0555 845 24 27 fa.arslann@gmail.com 21 HALİT FEREÇ GAZİANTEP TERCÜMAN 0531 604 13 43 khalid.bit89@hotmail.com 22 HAMİDE ŞIH HASAN GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0506 178 86 08 hamida.sh994@gmail.com 23 HAYRİ BÜYÜKKAPANCI GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0505 800 01 78 hayribyk@gmail.com 24 HİKMED EMED GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0534 042 75 88 gneed90@yahoo.com 25 İSMAİL NOYAN ANKARA ÖĞRENCİ 0506 113 00 73 26 JOUMAN TFKJİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0534 911 78 54 juana1d94@gmail.com 27 LORİN İSSA GAZİANTEP REKLAMCI 0537 292 87 19 lorin_issa@hotmail.com 28 MEZGEEN SHEİKH HASAN GAZİANTEP DRC 0553 608 25 53 mezgeen.sh.h@gmail.com 29 MOHAMMAD ASSİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0534 879 35 32 assi112@hotmail.com 30 MUHAMMED FARİK GAZİANTEP CARE/PC 0535 025 15 02 muhammed.farik@co.care.org 31 OBAİDA BATHHİSH GAZİANTEP ORDİNATÖR 0538 970 56 00 obaida-92@hotmail.com 32 ONUR EYYÜPOĞLU GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0553 266 95 53 oeyyupoglu1@gmail.com
  • 28. 28 33 ORHAN TAŞDOĞAN GAZİANTEP GENÇLİK ÇALIŞANI 0506 270 20 80 orhandasdogan@gmail.com 34 OSMAN ALLAZ KAHRAMANMARAŞ ÖĞRENCİ 0534 726 66 41 mano.aslan@live.com 35 ÖMER FARUK KAYMAZ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0538 650 28 83 eem_ofmkaymaz@hotmail.com 36 RAİL ASİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0553 007 47 94 r.a.96@outlook.sa 37 REEM SABBAGH GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0539 545 34 73 remo10@windowslive.com 38 SALAH DBAGH GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0536 209 80 00 salah91sy@gmail.com 39 SELMAN ERKAN ZONGULDAK ÖĞRENCİ 0542 407 88 88 40 SEMİH AVCI GAZİANTEP GENÇLİK ÇALIŞANI 0530 923 07 27 semihavci27@msn.com 41 SUHİLA WAFAİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0551 121 12 88 suhila.wafai@hotmail.com 42 SUZAN VEFAİ GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0551 121 12 88 suzan.wafai@hotmail.com 43 ŞEVKİYE GEZİCİ GAZİANTEP GÖNÜLLÜ 0507 542 15 08 svky.gzc.1993@gmail.com 44 ÜMİT OĞAN GAZİANTEP GENÇLİK PROJE KOOR. 0507 666 02 50 uwit.ogan@gmail.com 45 WAFA ALDABAGH GAZİANTEP ÖĞRENCİ 0536 819 81 57 wafa92.wd@gmail.com 46 YOUSEUF SHENDİ GAZİANTEP DESİNATÖR 0537 570 93 09 sniper9630@gmail.com