Out line:  Introduction. Define family planning. List objectives of family planning. Types of contraception methods Emergency contraception Definition of family planning:  Family planning means to decide number and timing of children in family. Objectives Of Family Planning: 1-To Avoid unwanted birth .2-To bring out wanted birth. 3-To Regulate the intervals between pregnancies. 4-To Control the time at which birth occurs in relation to the age of parents. 5-To Determine the number of children in the family. Criteria of ideal method: -Effective, easy to understand and use. -Acceptable to both partner. -Minimal side effects, and low risk of sequel. -Inexpensive and easy to maintain. -Protection from sexually transmitted infections. Types of Contraception Methods: Natural methods Barrier methods: Hormonal methods Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD) Surgical methods A- Natural methods Abstinence Coitus interruptUs (withdrawal) Fertility awareness methods (FAM).It include : Calender Method Basal Body Temperature Method Cervical Mucus Method Symptothermal Method Ovulation Predictor Test 4. Lacational amenorrhea method (breast feeding) Advantages of natural family planning: It does not require medicines, chemicals or devices There are no health risks It is approved by many religions It is inexpensive It allows a woman to become aware and informed of her reproductive cycles Can use combination of methods Disadvantages of natural family planning:   It requires extensive instruction and many steps to predict ovulation (fertile period) Couples must be highly motivated -it may result in periods of sexual frustration during periods of abstinence The length of menstrual cycles and the day of ovulation may vary each month. It is not as reliable as other methods of birth control (high failure rate). B- Barrier methods: It is method of contraception provide a physical barrier, chemical barrier or both to prevent sperm from entering the cervical OS. Barrier methods: Spermicides Male condom Female condom Vaginal Diaphragm Cervical Cap Advantages of Barrier methods family planning: Condoms protect against pregnancy. They also are the only method that may protect against STIs such as HIV/AIDS and herpes. Safe to use while breastfeeding. Barrier methods do not use hormones. So they are safe for women who smoke or who have health problems such as heart disease or blood clots. These methods do not affect a woman's menstrual cycle. The ability to get pregnant returns as soon as a woman stops using birth control. Barrier methods cost less than hormonal types of birth control. Do not need a doctor's prescription for condoms, the contraceptive sponge, or spermicides. c- Hormonal methods: 1- Oral contraceptives 1.1 Combined oral contraceptives(COCs) 2.1 Progestin only pills ( called mini pill or POPs 2- Hormone injections 2 progestin Only Agent (Depo-Provera) 2 Combination estrogen/progesterone p

1. FAMILY PLANNING
Dr. Asmaa Morgan Farahat Khatap
Lecturer of Obstetrics and Gynecological
Nursing
Faculty of Nursing- Suez Canal University

2. OUT LINE:
1.Introduction.
2.Define family planning.
3.List objectives of family planning.
4. Types of contraception methods
5.Emergency contraception

3. DEFINITION OF FAMILY PLANNING:
Family planning means to decide
number and timing of children in family.

4. OBJECTIVES OF FAMILY PLANNING:
1-To Avoid unwanted birth .
2-To bring out wanted birth.
3-To Regulate the intervals between pregnancies.
4-To Control the time at which birth occurs in relation to the age of
parents.
5-To Determine the number of children in the family.

5. CRITERIA OF IDEAL METHOD:
-Effective, easy to understand and use.
-Acceptable to both partner.
-Minimal side effects, and low risk of sequel.
-Inexpensive and easy to maintain.
-Protection from sexually transmitted infections.

6. TYPES OF CONTRACEPTION METHODS:
a.Natural methods
b.Barrier methods:
c.Hormonal methods
d.Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD)
e.Surgical methods

7. A- NATURAL METHODS
1. Abstinence
2. Coitus interruptUs (withdrawal)
3. Fertility awareness methods (FAM).It include :
• Calender Method
• Basal Body Temperature Method
• Cervical Mucus Method
• Symptothermal Method
• Ovulation Predictor Test
4. Lacational amenorrhea method (breast feeding)

8. • Advantages of natural family planning:
1. It does not require medicines, chemicals or devices
2. There are no health risks
3. It is approved by many religions
4. It is inexpensive
5. It allows a woman to become aware and informed of her reproductive
cycles
6. Can use combination of methods

9. Disadvantages of natural family planning:
1. It requires extensive instruction and many steps to predict ovulation (fertile
period)
2. Couples must be highly motivated
3. -it may result in periods of sexual frustration during periods of abstinence
4. The length of menstrual cycles and the day of ovulation may vary each
month.
5. It is not as reliable as other methods of birth control (high failure rate).

10. B- BARRIER
METHODS:
It is method of
contraception provide
a physical barrier,
chemical barrier or
both to prevent sperm
from entering the cervical
OS.

11. BARRIER METHODS:
• Spermicides
• Male condom
•Female condom
•Vaginal Diaphragm
•Cervical Cap

13. ADVANTAGES OF BARRIER METHODS FAMILY PLANNING:
1. Condoms protect against pregnancy. They also are the only method that may protect
against STIs such as HIV/AIDS and herpes.
2. Safe to use while breastfeeding.
3. Barrier methods do not use hormones. So they are safe for women who smoke or
who have health problems such as heart disease or blood clots.
4. These methods do not affect a woman's menstrual cycle. The ability to get pregnant
returns as soon as a woman stops using birth control.
5. Barrier methods cost less than hormonal types of birth control.
6. Do not need a doctor's prescription for condoms, the contraceptive sponge, or
spermicides.

14. C- HORMONAL METHODS:
• 1- Oral contraceptives
1.1 Combined oral contraceptives(COCs)
2.1 Progestin only pills ( called mini pill or POPs
2- Hormone injections
1. 2 progestin Only Agent (Depo-Provera)
2. 2 Combination estrogen/progesterone product(lunelle)
3- Hormonal implants
4- Transdermal patches
5- Vaginal rings
)

16. D- INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE
DEVICES (IUD)
1. Coppers IUDs (paragard)
2. Hormonal IUDs( Mirena)

17. ADVANTAGES OF HORMONAL METHODS:
1. Their reliability: Studies have shown that only about 1 out of 1,000
women get pregnant per cycle if they take the pill or use a contraceptive
skin patch or vaginal ring properly.
2. Relieve period pain
3. Can lead to lighter periods.
4. If a teenage girl or woman has acne, the hormones may improve her
skin too.

18. DISADVANTAGES OF HORMONAL METHODS:
1. Headaches, nausea, sore breasts
2. vaginal yeast infections (thrush).
3. The hormones can also cause spotting between periods or lead to mood
swings.
4. May reduce women’s sexual desire.
5. A small risk of blood clots forming (thrombosis). This risk is higher in
women over the age of 40, as well as in women who smoke, are very
overweight, or have a higher risk of vascular disease in their family.

19. Health counseling for woman using the IUD:
1. The device is inserted after menstrual flow or during menstruation. At
that time the cervix is dilated and the chance of pregnancy is low.
2. Teach woman how to feel the loops threads.
3. Woman should be examined after the next period to be sure that the
loop is in place and every 6-12 months.

20. 4. Teach her signs of expulsion (cramping, unexpected bleeding, longer or
shorter threads).
5. Teach her signs of infection (unusual vaginal discharge, pain, itching,
low pain or fever)
6. Any signs of pregnancy should be reported because of the danger of
ectopic pregnancy.

21. E. SURGICAL METHODS:
Is a permanent method of birth control obtained via
surgical procedure.
•Male sterilization ______ (vasectomy)
•Female sterilization ________(Tubal ligation or
Salpingectomy )

23. EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION:
-Refers to methods used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse.,It
also called “after morning pills”.
-The high levels of estrogen they contain interfere with progesterone
production, so prohibit good implantation.
-Emergency contraception is used with cautiously, because high level of
estrogen has been associated with congenital anomalies if pregnancy is not
prevented.

24. Types of Emergency contraception:
• COCs.
• Progestin only pills.
• Copper IUD.
•

25. 1-COCs:
• usually oral ,2 doses ,first 2 tablet taken within 72 hours of unprotected
intercourse ,second,2 tablet after 12 hours from the first dose.
• High dose of estrogen may cause nausea and vomiting.., pretreatment with
anti-emetic is recommended, should be taken 1 hour before each dose.
• Can cause bleeding ,breast tenderness, headache
• If vomiting occurs within 2 hours after administration, the dose must be
repeated.

26. Criteria for Emergency (WHo)
• All women can use ECPs safely and effectively, including women who
cannot use ongoing hormonal contraceptive methods. Because of the
short-term nature of their use, there are no medical conditions that make
ECPs unsafe for any woman.

27. 2- Progestin only pills:
• It also called “plan B” ,it contain 2 doses ,first 1 pill immediately
after unprotected intercourse , second after 12 hours.
• It results in less nausea and may prevent more pregnancies than
estrogen –based regimen. more effective

28. 3- IUD containing copper
• Should be inserted within 2-7 days of unprotected intercourse.
• This method is suggested only for women who wish to have long term
benefit of contraception.
• The risk of pregnancy is reduced by as much as 99% with emergency
insertion of IUD.

29. REFERENCES:
• World Fertility and Family Planning 2020
Highlight; United Nations New York, 2020
• Silbert-Flagg J.& Pillitteri, A. (2017):
Maternal and child health nursing : care of
the childbearing and childrearing
family/Adele Pillitteri.—8th ed

30. Thank you