The ideas contained in this presentation are of a strategic nature and concern a possible future direction of India’s Energy sector and its various de-carbonization and Net Zero pathways. The Indian East Coast Energy Corridor (ECEC) is not just an energy security project. In fact, it changes a lot of things, within India’s future energy landscape as it changes not just how and from where we will import petroleum products and export future Green Hydrogen volumes, but it also includes a comprehensive decarbonization and net zero plan for Industry. The plan also stipulates how a significant part of $ 480 Billion in investments in clean energy and next generation technologies can be financed through the design of Innovative hybrids. All of this can be expected to guide national energy policy into the 2040 – 2050 decade. The proposed investments in deep clean tech projects within ECEC, in batteries, green hydrogen, solar and both onshore and offshore wind are over four times the proposed investments in conventional oil & gas. The only reason the conventional oil & gas component (Part 1) within ECEC is large, is that serious geopolitical issues in India’s neighbourhood were ignored while planning pipeline and logistics networks, over the last 40 years. This is because industry took a US / European energy construct (in Strategic Reserves & pipeline routes for instance) and applied these to India without taking our unique challenges into account. ECEC’s massive clean energy component includes Digital strategies (i.e the MIT concept) and Industry 4.0 business models to de-carbonize hard to abate sectors such as oil refining, cement and steel and proposes a new, sustainable energy plan for the Himalayan region and for the protection of glaciers. ECEC also has a very large international component and an innovative, US $ 60 Billion financing mechanism for its clean tech components, including green hydrogen. Financial innovation is a key distinguishing feature of this project.

1. Green Energy
Conventional Oil & gas
Rev 00
18th February 2023
Indian East Coast Energy Corridor
Part 1 of 6
MEGA GREEN ENERGY
INITIATIVE
Battery Giga Factories, Next
Gen Hydrogen Networks, Solar
and Offshore Wind farms
With an innovative
Financing Mechanism
Petroleum & Deep Green Tech (Hybrid) Project
1
30 MTPA of GH2
at US $ 1.8 / Kg
by 2035
Strategic Presentation on National Energy Policy
Integrating Conventional Energy with Hydrogen, Decarbonization & Net Zero Projects
Ashish Puntambekar, X36 Falcon

2. 2
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank the following Senior Energy, Finance & Strategy Experts for their encouragement, significant insights and help in editing
the Indian East Coast Energy Corridor concept.
1. Late Mr. PN Devarajan (Former CMD, Hindustan Organic Chemicals & Director, Reserve Bank of India)
2. Mr. D Murali (Former Senior Vice President - Projects, Reliance Industries)
3. Mr. Suneet Maheshwari (Former Managing Director & CEO, L & T Infrastructure Finance)
4. Mr. Baiju Nainan (Former CMO - City Gas distribution, Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific, India)
5. Mr. Lalit Mathwani (Senior Solutions Architect, Adobe)
I would also like to express my gratitude to Mr. IL Budhiraja, Former Executive Director of Gas Authority of India (GAIL). Working on various
projects with him has helped hone my skills in strategic planning and in thinking creatively about business models, technology, sustainability
and the design of net zero projects. This experience gained between 1998 - 2012 has resulted in the creation of innovative projects in diverse
areas which include, among others :
1. Defence - The Defence Industrial Corridor
2. Infrastructure - Gati Shakti (Formerly the National Infrastructure Pipeline)
3. Banking & Digital Finance - Digital Hyperdrive strategy to create the worlds largest banks in India
4. Education - The Vivekanand Secondary Education Megaproject
5. Smart cities - Mumbai Eastern Waterfront and the Kolkata waterfront projects
6. Environment & Net Zero - Project 42, to solve the winter Smog problem in north India
A big “Thank You” to all my respected colleagues and friends within the Government, without whose blessings and support, these ideas may
never have been considered for nationwide execution.
Ashish Puntambekar
Om Sangrahaya Namaha
OmVishwaksenaya Namaha

3. 3
Climate Finance & Energy Transition Innovator
Ashish is the Financial designer & business concept specialist for Project 42 (a large Net Zero project, designed to solve the winter smog problem in north India due to open field
burning of paddy straw). He is also currently director of Sustainability, Climate Finance & Carbon Consulting at X36 Falcon, a strategic design company.
An expert in Energy markets and derivatives trading, he has deep insight in the design of financial products and related business models within the Energy & Clean Tech
Industry (Hydrogen and Electric Mobility) which have earned him a good following internationally. He is an expert invitee at the Asian Development Bank (ADB) where his work on
Urban Equity Withdrawal backed Green Bonds & other innovative financial products has been presented. He is also an invitee speaker on TEDx to talk about ideas that can
triple the size of the Indian economy by 2032. In December 2022, he published “ The Digital Hyperdrive Strategy “ for growth of India’s Banking industry. The presentation is
considered to be one of the most forward looking strategic views on India’s financial sector for the 2023-35 period.
In February 2023, he presented “ The East Coast Energy Corridor ”, a Lighthouse initiative, that is expected to guide Indian Energy policy and the Clean Energy Transition well
into the 2040-2050 period. This lighthouse initiative, contains several energy transition & decarbonization projects including CO2 abatement within the Refining industry (CO2-
EOR) & Decarbonization of the Cement industry using innovative business models. Several smart city - green hydrogen (GH2) hybrids are also part of this plan.
Strategic National Projects
Ashish has conceptualized several strategic national projects and has done the detailed business and financial planning for four projects which are either under execution or
active consideration by the Indian Government :
1. The National Infrastructure Pipeline (Now known as Gati Shakti)
2. The Defence Industrial Corridor (under Execution)
3. The East Coast Energy Corridor (under consideration)
4. The Vivekanand Secondary Education & Skills Development Megaproject (Proposed)
GATI SHAKTI : Ashish conceptualized the Construct India Mission that received official sponsorship from the Ministry of Commerce in 2018. This was later named the National
Infrastructure pipeline. An innovative Financing plan to raise INR 87 Lakh crores (independent of Central or State budgets) for Gati Shakti projects has been presented to the
Ministry of Finance for consideration recently. This financing plan can create over 36 million new jobs in India by 2027, without any recourse to Union or state budgets.
Ashish Puntambekar has over 20 years of experience working with some of the finest talent globally in the Energy and Financial sectors and specifically in
the areas of strategic planning, energy transition project design and financial innovation where he is a specialist.
He currently advises a few Foreign Institutional Investors & Private Equity firms on their investment strategies across Green Hydrogen, Sustainability
& Design of ESG enhancing projects for their portfolio companies. Before this he served as Vice President of Strategic Planning for Six different businesses
Project Architect – East Coast Energy Corridor
at Reliance Industries for over 6 years. He has also been convener of Reliance’s International Business Advisory Board (IAB) with Harvard Economists, Former G - 7 Finance
Ministers and Foreign Ambassadors as members.
Om Sangrahaya Namaha
OmVishwaksenaya Namaha

4. 4
4
The East Coast Energy Corridor
Part 1 of 6
India’s Next Generation
Energy Network With Six Components

5. 5
Protected by Indian Copyright
The ideas contained in this presentation are of a strategic nature and concern a possible future direction of India’s Energy sector and its
various de-carbonization and Net Zero pathways.
Presentation is being released to a Linkedin audience of 30,000 business and industry leaders on the 18th of February 2023.
Please therefore be sure to mention your source while using the ideas contained herein as this is an original work, not so far published by
anyone else concerning India’s Energy Industry.
The Indian East Coast Energy Corridor (ECEC) is not just an energy security project. In fact, it changes a lot of things, within India’s future
energy landscape as it changes not just how and from where we will import petroleum products and export future Green Hydrogen volumes,
but it also includes a comprehensive decarbonization and net zero plan for Industry. The plan also stipulates how a significant part of $ 480
Billion in investments in clean energy and next generation technologies can be financed through the design of Innovative hybrids. All of this
can be expected to guide national energy policy into the 2040 – 2050 decade.
The proposed investments in deep clean tech projects within ECEC, in batteries, green hydrogen, solar and both onshore and offshore wind
are over four times the proposed investments in conventional oil & gas. The only reason the conventional oil & gas component (Part 1)
within ECEC is large, is that serious geopolitical issues in India’s neighbourhood were ignored while planning pipeline and logistics
networks, over the last 40 years. This is because industry took a US / European energy construct (in Strategic Reserves & pipeline routes
for instance) and applied these to India without taking our unique challenges into account.
ECEC’s massive clean energy component includes Digital strategies (i.e the MIT concept) and Industry 4.0 business models to de-carbonize
hard to abate sectors such as oil refining, cement and steel and proposes a new, sustainable energy plan for the Himalayan region and for
the protection of glaciers. ECEC also has a very large international component and an innovative, US $ 60 Billion financing mechanism for
its clean tech components, including green hydrogen. Financial innovation is a key distinguishing feature of this project.
Om Sangrahaya Namaha
OmVishwaksenaya Namaha
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner

6. 6
The proposed, East Coast Energy Corridor (ECEC) is a response to massive changes in South Asia and
the world :
ECEC will be India’s Next generation Energy Network, designed to deliver multiple benefits :
 Seamless Energy transition to next generation clean technologies
 Addressing changing growth patterns within India – Growth shifting Eastwards
 Comprehensive national energy security
 Incorporating Energy transition components in conventional oil & gas projects
 Net Zero by 2055*
 Balanced development on both West and East Coasts including archipelago islands
 Restoration of damaged Himalayan ecosystems & Glaciers
 Creation of over 6,00,000 new jobs in India by 2027
Om Sangrahaya Namaha
OmVishwaksenaya Namaha
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner
East Coast Energy Corridor (ECEC) – Deliverables
* Much earlier than committed date of 2070

7. 7
7
ECEC has the following Six Parts / Components :
1. 100 MTPA, East - West Swing Refining System*, Conventional Oil & Gas (US $ 100 Billion)
2. 500 GW Per year Battery Giga Factories + 30 MTPA Next Generation, Green Hydrogen Network (US $ 300 Billion)
3. Himalayan Region Sustainable Energy & Glacier Restoration (US $ 60 Billion)
4. Digital interventions : Re - Thinking Mobility & Industrial Decarbonization to Deliver Net Zero Goals by 2055 (US $ 30 Billion)
5. International Energy Technology Collaboration – Ahobilam University in Rayalaseema + Digital Network (US $ 60 Billion)
6. ECEC Financing Framework - Financial Innovation to raise US $ 60 Billion for key Energy transition projects
This presentation contains only Part 1 (East-West Swing Refining System).
Parts 2 – 6 that deal with Energy Transition, De-carbonization, Sustainability & Financial innovation will be shared soon.
Om Sangrahaya Namaha
OmVishwaksenaya Namaha
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner
East Coast Energy Corridor (ECEC) - Components
* Swing Refining System
Concept explained on Slide 21.

8. Om Sangrahaya Namaha OmVishwaksenaya Namaha
8
Executive Summary
Preview of All Components (1 – 6) within the East Coast Energy Corridor

9. Part 1 : 100 MTPA, East - West Swing Refining System and Its components
9
Patna
24 “ Spur line for
Petroleum Producs
25 MTPA LNG Super Terminals
Locations (2 of 4 ) are included
in costing
Product Tank Farm Location
(ISPRL)
Entity best suited to build &
operate the Swing Pipeline
system and its connected
storage tank farms is Indian
Oil Corporation (IOCL).
30 slide Concept
Presentation
Included in the Main
Project deck
 The Swing Refining System constitutes Part 1 of the East Coast Energy
Corridor.
 The project is designed to deliver on the following objectives :
 Balanced development of both East & West coasts
 Reducing cost of transporting petroleum products to new
growth areas in Eastern states
 Assuring comprehensive national energy security
 Incorporating multiple use Logistics Infrastructure to transition
to Green Hydrogen (GH2) & other low carbon fuels (CH3OH & NH3)
 Proposed East Coast Project Components :
 Swing Pipeline System – 20 % of Capex
 Oil Refineries @ CO2 - EOR
 Large LNG Terminals – cold heat
 Petrochemical Complexes
 Larger Crude SPR
 100 Million Bbl Product SPR
 Dual use Cryogenic & other
Logistics components to
enable the Energy transition
 Andaman & Nicobar cleantech
projects
80 % of Capex
* Swing Refining System
Concept explained on Slide 21
Of PROJECT Presentation
Part 1 of 6 is designed to Balance India’s current Fuel Logistics
Infrastructure & build Dual use components into it, to prepare for Nationwide Energy Transition
Andaman
& Nicobar
Island
Projects
Om Sangrahaya Namaha
Om Vishwaksenaya Namaha
MARKED IN BLUE
Value of Dual use
& Clean Tech
components
= US $ 10 Billion
out of total Part 1 Capex
of US $ 100 Billion

10. 10
Parts 2 - 3 : Preview
Battery Giga Factories
500 GWPA Battery Giga Factories + 30 MTPA, Next
Generation, Green Hydrogen Network
Part 2 Part 3
18 slide Concept
Presentation
coming soon
Sl.
No.
Year Cost of GH2
( US $ / kg )
1 Current cost (2023) 4.8 – 6.0
2 2027 2.67
3 2035 (optimistic) 1.8
4 2040 0.8
Note : 0.8 $ / Kg = 6 $ / MMbtu
Targeted Green H2 (GH2) Cost Reductions :
Green H2 Capex deployment within ECEC :
Network & Logistics Infrastructure : US $ 20 Billion
Deep Clean Tech : US $ 20 Billion
Green Hydrogen Production Projects : US $ 230 Billion
Liquid Hydrogen ( LH2 Carriers )
US $ 270 Billion
Investment of
US $ 60 Billion
in Specially designed
Sustainability Projects
For the Himalayan Region
Himalayan Region Sustainable Energy
& Glacier Restoration
Planting 9 BillionTrees in the Himalayan belt
10 slide Concept
Presentation
Battery Giga Factories, Hydrogen, Solar
and Offshore Wind (US $ 300 Billion)
Battery Gigafactories : $ 30 Billion

11. Parts 4 - 5 : Preview
Part 4 Part 5
coming soon
12 slide Concept
Presentation
24 slide Concept
Presentation
Digital interventions
Re - Thinking Mobility & Industrial Decarbonization
to Deliver Net Zero Goals by 2055
De-Carbonizing Oil Refining & Petchem
with CO2 – EOR (7.4 % of CO2 Emissions)
De-Carbonizing Cement
(7 % of CO2 Emissions)
(US $ 30 Billion)
 Decarbonization can be achieved through
three alternative strategies :
 Digital strategies that alter lifestyles > 15 %
 Innovative business models > 5 %
 Technology > 10 %
 Preferred De - carbonization strategies for
the following industries :
 Oil Refining & Fuels : CO2 - EOR
Digital strategies to alter
lifestyles
 Cement : Business Model Re-design
Using Biomass as fuel and
feedstocks
 Food : Advanced fermentation
 Transport : Re-thinking mobility at Scale
Digital Concepts embedded in project designs will catalyze and
accelerate Decarbonization of hard to abate industries.
International Technology Collaboration
+ Digital Energy Network
Part 5, Building a University of Stanford Class
In India with International
Collaboration at Ahobilam
(US $ 60 Billion)
Hadron Collider
& Other Strategic Projects
At Ahobilam University
Rayalaseema

12. 12
Part 6 : Preview
Part 6
coming soon
18 slide Concept
Presentation
Industry 4.0 Business Models
To Power Project Finance !
East Coast Energy Corridor will catalyze innovation and
increase the profitability of Banks, through changes in
their ESG Strategy and Business models :
 Applying innovative asset monetization concepts
 Lending to climate change projects - Achieve large emission
reductions and help India meet COP 26 Commitments.
 Focus on projects that can increase Financial inclusion and
quality of life without harming the environment.
 Creating opportunities for re-pricing carbon at scale by
deploying smart contracts.
With advanced industry 4.0 business models Banks can
increase the size of their Balance sheets while also
earning significant Fee based income.
Proposed Financial Innovation Projects :
 2 X 2000 MW offshore wind farms
 Project 42 – Solving North India’s winter Smog problem
 Clean Energy + Telecom Hybrid Projects
 Mumbai & Kolkata Waterfront Developments (Hybrid)
ECEC Financing Framework - Financial Innovation to raise US $ 60 Billion for key Energy transition projects
Financial innovation
to create value

13. 13
Part 1
Detailed Presentation
East Coast Energy Corridor
100 MTPA, East - West Swing Refining System
Conventional Oil & Gas Investment of US $ 100 Billion, Centered on a rapidly growing East Coast Economy
Om Sangrahaya Namaha OmVishwaksenaya Namaha

14. 14
14
Why does India need a 100 MTPA, East Coast Energy Project ?
 India’s current Petroleum fuel and logistics infrastructure needs to be reviewed for the following significant reasons :
 Gulf of Kutch dependence : Over 60 % of India’s petroleum fuel trade & logistics infrastructure is totally dependent on the
Gulf of Kutch and very close to hostile territory.
 Energy crisis possibility : Any damage to Oil Infrastructure in the Gulf of Kutch, due to Cyclones, Earthquakes, War etc.
can immediately shut down 60 % + of India’s petroleum related economy, precipitating a National energy crisis.
 Highly unbalanced Refinery Capacity : 185.45 MTPA of India’s refining capacity is west coast dependent & just 54.45 MTPA is
on the east coast.
 Growth Shifting Eastwards : Trade, Industry & demand growth is shifting eastwards with GDP of Eastern states growing
faster than that of western states.
 To address the above situation, existing west coast based energy system plan needs to be reviewed :
 Any new plan must cater to demand for both Oil & gas and Clean energy within a US $ 7.5 Trillion economy by 2033
 An alternative and viable system to supply petroleum fuels to North India must be created, which also allows oil
refineries in north India to expand their business in new demand centers.
 The New Energy Network must incorporate “Net Zero” into project designs by integrating with large Hydrogen schemes.
 Our thinking has to be BIG
 New Job creation has to be a prioritized
Om Sangrahaya Namaha
OmVishwaksenaya Namaha
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner
The East Coast Energy Corridor & the East - West Swing Refining System are based on the above ideas
of Balanced development, Energy Security and the use of Next Generation Clean Technologies.
Background & Summary :
* Swing Refining System
Concept explained on Slide 21.

15. 15
East Coast Energy Corridor
100 MTPA, East - West Swing Refining System
Project Justification / Rationale
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner

16.  India’s liquid fuel demand is likely to rise from 214.5
MT in 2023 to 335 MT by 2030
 Natural Gas demand likely to triple from 53.8 MTOE
in 2023 to 150 MTOE by 2030
 While Electric Vehicle market will also grow
considerably, the shift to electric cars is unlikely to
affect this macro demand picture for petroleum fuels &
feedstocks
Sources : Trading Economics and MOPNG Forecasts
India’s Petroleum Fuels demand is expected to increase considerably by 2030
East Coast Energy Corridor (Rationale 1) : Petroleum Fuel Demand to rise with GDP
https://m.economictimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/natural-gas-consumption-to-rise-3-folds-in-10-yrs-for-15-target-pradhan/articleshow/72382676.cms
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/india-plans-to-nearly-double-oil-refining-capacity-by-2030-dharmendra-
pradhan/articleshow/76403963.cms?from=mdr
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/india-expects-fuel-demand-to-grow-5-5-in-the-next-fiscal-
year/articleshow/89747714.cms?from=mdr
https://www.ppac.gov.in/WriteReadData/Reports/202204250526117160413IndustryConsumptionMarch2022.pdf
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
Indian GDP, US $ Trillion
Year
Indian
GDP,
US
$
Trillion
Current Location
2023
Destination
2030 *
16
* Conservative on GDP Growth after Covid 19
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner

17.  On the 26th of October 2020, Govt. of India announced it’s New
capacity expansion plan for the energy sector
 Govt. Energy expansion plan based, in part, on the expected
demand from the INR 100 Lakh Crore, National Infrastructure
Pipeline / GATI SHAKTI Plan
 Oil refining capacity to be increased from 250 MTPA to 450 MTPA
 Proposed Renewable Energy Expansion :
 450 GW by 2030
 10 MTPA of Green Hydrogen
 Proposed investments of US $ 300 Billion in Oil & Gas by 2030
in the following :
 Oil Refineries
 LNG Terminals
 Oil & Gas Pipelines
 Petrochemical Complexes
India has a Large “ Conventional Energy + Green Energy ” Agenda, which requires a Hybrid Solution
PM Narendra Modi announcement
India Energy Forum - 26th Oct 2020
East Coast Energy Corridor (Rationale 2) : New Capacity Expansion Plans of Govt. of India
17
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner

18. East Coast Energy Corridor (Rationale 3) : Trade & Industrial Growth is Shifting Eastwards
Proposed East Coast
Economic Corridor
backed by ADB
 East Coast States growing very Fast
Source : IBEF Reports, FY 2021 – 2022 , https://www.ibef.org/states/
 Traffic handled at New Private Ports on the East Coast
SL.
No.
East Coast Port Cargo Handled
MT (FY 2021-22)
% Growth over
2015 volumes
1 Dhamra 30.50 97.4 %
2 Gangavaram 32.81 58.2 %
3 Krishnapatnam 38.00 13.0 %
Source : Media Reports, Company websites
It is obvious that Growth is shifting Eastwards. East Coast is emerging as the New Industrial Hub 18
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner
SL.
No.
State State GDP 2021-22
US $ Billion
GDP Growth
Rates (CAGR)
2015-2022
1 Telangana 157.35 12.33 %
2 Andhra Pradesh 157.36 12.14 %
1 West Bengal 195.24 11.54 %
1 Tamil Nadu 290.00 11.27 %
7 Gujarat 226.62 10.57 %
4 Orissa 77.32 8.53 %
6 Maharashtra 370.45 8.45 %

19. (Rationale 4) : Highly Unbalanced Logistics Infrastructure - For Crude Oil & Petroleum Products
East – West Comparison
Refineries dependent on West
Coast Ports
MTPA Refineries dependent on
East Coast Ports
MTPA
Bhatinda (HMEL) 11.3 Barauni (IOC) 6
Panipat (IOC) 15.0 Haldia (IOC) 7.5
Mathura (IOC) 8.0 Paradip (IOC) 15
Bharat – Oman, Bina 7.8 Vizag (HPCL) 8.3
Koyali (IOC) 13.7 Tatipaka (ONGC) 0.1
Nayara Energy 20 Chennai (CPCL) 10.5
Reliance 60 Cuddalore (NOCL) 6.0
Mumbai (BPCL) 12 Narimanan (CPCL) 1.0
Mumbai (HPCL) 7.5
Mangalore (ONGC) 14.65
Kochi (BPCL) 15.5
TOTAL (West Coast) 185.45 TOTAL (East Coast) 54.4 Refineries are not included in East Coast
dependent plants :
Bongaigaon ( IOC) 2.4
Gauhati (IOC) 1.0
Numaligarh 3.0
Digboi (IOC) 0.7
TOTAL. 7.1
North Indian Energy Demand is Excessively dependent on Gulf of Kutch Ports. East Coast
has less than 30 % of capacity. North India needs alternative supply sources from East
Coast in order to prevent a future Energy crisis. 19

20. East - West Swing Refining System
Concepts
20
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner

21. System of
Existing Crude
Oil Pipelines
with North
India Focus
Current Situation 2023 :
Excessive Concentration of Energy
Logistics Infrastructure along the
Jamnagar - Bhatinda Axis
90 Rotation
Strategic concept 1 :
Diversifying Energy Supply away from
Gulf of Kutch (in Gujarat).
Axis 2 is Not going to be a Crude Oil
Pipeline
Why do we need a bi-directional
Petroleum Product system ?
The Proposed multi product, Bi-directional
Swing system pipeline network will allow
North Indian Refineries to export products
out of the east coast. In an Energy security
Emergency, north Indian Refineries will
also be able to import petroleum products
directly through East Coast ports.
Proposed New Pipeline will not carry crude oil but petroleum products. It will be a 100 MTPA system, that will allow batch
transport, in bi-directional flow mode to support a US $ 7.5 Trillion economy by 2033
Axis 1 ( Already Existing)
Axis 2
Existing system of Crude oil
pipelines has a transport
capacity of 55.8 MTPA to
support 5 Refineries
Petroleum product
capacity 100 MTPA
Concept 01 : Why is an East Coast Energy Corridor Required ?
Re-alignment of Petroleum Pipelines along North India - East Coast Axis
21

22. Gangavaram Port
Andhra Pradesh … New Energy Hub
Vizag Clean Energy
Smart City & Financial
Centre for the East Coast
Proposed Solution : Indian East Coast Energy Corridor (Swing Refining System Concept)
 Core system : 48 - 54 inch Bi-directionally flowing product pipeline (Swing Refining system)
 Swing Refining System Concept :
 At normal times, the pipeline can carry petroleum products from North west
& West coast Refineries to the east coast
 During an energy crisis / war, System will switch to reverse flow to guarantee petroleum product supplies to North India
 System will pay for itself within 5 years, as it will replace Truck transport and reduce costs considerably
Proposed System will guarantee supply of Petroleum Products nationwide during an Energy crisis or War
Krishnapatnam Port
22

23. In excess of 60 % of
India’s Crude Oil
import is dependent
on the Gulf of Kutch
Indian Oil Vadinar terminal : 1.2 + Mbpd
Two Private oil terminals : 1.7 Mbpd
Kandla SPMs : 0.3 + Mbpd
Concept 02 : Need For New SPR & Pipeline Network Concepts due to Geopolitical Risk
Pakistan basedTerror Groups
India needs a New SPR & Pipelines Concept for the following reasons :
 Unlike other countries with conventional Strategic Petroleum Reserves
(SPRs) & Pipeline network concepts, India’s situation is vastly different
as most of our Refineries are located very close to hostile territory.
 Recently, risks have increased considerably due to :
 Collapse of Pakistan’s economy
 Failure of Pakistan’s Taliban & Afghanistan strategy
 Serious internal security challenges to the Pakistani state
 Possibility of a two front war with China and Pak – After Ladakh attack
 Seven oil refineries are located close to the Pakistani border :
 Bhatinda (HMEL)
 Panipat (IOC)
 Mathura (IOC)
 Bharat – Oman, Bina
 Koyali (IOC)
 Two private sector refineries
 If north Indian Refineries are attacked, India’s crude oil reserves can be
diverted to East Coast Refineries. North India, however will be difficult
to cover as over 80 % of its supply comes from the Gulf of Kutch.
1. India’s total Crude oil demand : 5.35 Million Bbls / day
2. Of which imports : 4.80 Million Bbls / day
3. Gulf of Kutch crude oil import : 3.2 + Million Bbls / day
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/commodities/views/how-
bad-is-the-surge-in-crude-oil-for-india-lets-do-some-
maths/articleshow/90094105.cms
A Rapidly Failing Pakistani state and risks of a two front war, could in - validate India’s Energy Security concepts . These
developments require a Strategic Response in terms of Alternative petroleum fuel Import routes. 23

24.  India has apparently executed an SPR based energy security strategy
by directly taking concepts from the US, Japan and the EU without
paying adequate attention to the fact that crude oil SPR’s are of limited
utility if a nations refineries are vulnerable to attack.
 60 % of Indian refining capacity is very close to hostile territory. If these
refineries are attacked, the crude contained in the SPR’s will be of limited use.
 We therefore need to improve to a better National Energy Security Plan that is
targeted at sustainably supporting a US $ 7.5 Trillion Economy by 2033.
India’s current SPR plan needs to be re- designed in a manner that displays geographical sensitivity / context & strategic
depth. Please refer Annexure 1 for fundamental SPR concepts.
Mangalore
Padur
Vizag
Chandikhole
SPR Locations
India’s Strategic Petroleum Reserves : Existing & Planned
India’s Refinery
and SPR siting
Strategy is
needs to be
Reviewed.
Concept 03 : Need For A New SPR Concept due to improper citing of Refineries
24
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner

25. 25
Arab Oil
Secure Storage
In India
600 Million Bbl
Producers Reserve
600 Million barrel giant crude oil reserve
( West coast )
 The initial idea of an Producers Reserve was floated by the Author in
the Indian Defence Review in Feb 2008.
 The 2008 proposal that was also submitted to MoPNG, was designed
to create a 600 Million Bbl crude oil strategic reserve that was
conceptually very different from other SPR’s around the world.
 It was to be a Producers reserve + a Consumers reserve … not a pure
consumers reserve that the US, EU, Japan and China have.
 Concept : GCC Members states would be able to ship oil to their
customers in the EU, the US and to Asia from the Indian reserve if
the Straits of Hormuz are blocked for any reason.
 Indian refiners would be able to access the reserve during any
Force Majure event affecting Indian Ports.
 The crude reserve was to have a trading & blending facility
which would allow refiners access to special blends on demand, to
the extent of a maximum of 20 % of the reserve.
 This reserve plan submitted to MoPNG, had an Innovative financing
component, which saves costs as well. This is currently under
execution (the UAE has stored their crude oil in the Indian SPR).
 The crude oil reserve would best be filled in the 2nd Quarter of each
year when oil demand drops globally
Financial structure of the reserve will create attractive opportunities for investors Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner
Concept 04 (Solution 01) : The Middle East “ Producers “ Strategic Reserve
Please refer Annexure 1, for
clarity on SPR concepts
South African Design
http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/indian-energy-security-i/

26. 26
26
Strategic Storage Facilities for Gasoline, Diesel
& Jet Fuel ( 100 Million Bbl proposed )
 India’s Geographic location, the location of our oil refineries and
our Geopolitical context are unlike those of any other nation.
 India’s SPR concept, therefore needs to be fundamentally
different from all others.
 100 Million Bbl petroleum product reserve : A large petroleum
product reserve is proposed to be created, in 20 Million bbl lot
sizes, all along the proposed East – West swing system pipeline.
 Combination of Fuel Storage options for Gasoline, Diesel & Jet :
 Above ground storage
 Underground storages
 Line pack - 2500 Km,48”- 54“ pipeline itself will act as storage
 Indian Oil Corp and ISPRL could operate the Strategic Product
Storages in collaboration with private companies.
 The Product SPRs will be separate from Refinery tank farms and
will be distributed across the country.
 Oil refiners & oil marketing companies will be mandated by
Regulation to store a certain percentage of their stocks in the
proposed National Petroleum “ Product” reserves.
 Business Model : A Vizag pricing benchmark will be established
with terminals at Gangavaram & Krishnapatnam to facilitate global
trading and investor interest “ The Vizag Contract “. Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner
Concept 05 (Solution 02) : In an Energy Crisis you need Petroleum Products … Not Crude Oil

27. 27
East – West Swing Refining System
Execution Schematics

28. Patna
 The East Coast Energy Corridor (ECEC) has been designed based on
the following Five fundamental ideas :
 In an Energy security crisis, Consumers need Petroleum
products (Diesel, Gasoline & Jet fuel), not Crude oil.
 It is necessary to reduce Indian Economic & Military
dependence on oil flows through the Gulf of Kutch.
 It is possible to reduce logistics cost for Refinery products
for North Indian refineries and simultaneously achieve
enhanced energy security by constructing Bi-directionally
flowing petroleum product pipelines.
 Incorporating Hydrogen / Energy transition strategies into ECEC
Where ever possible to avoid additional costs later
 A 2500 Km, 48 “ – 54 “ Multi Product pipeline and a system of
above ground Petroleum product tankages installed along
the way could provide :
- Sufficient line pack capacity
- Easily accessible product tank farm capacity
- Increased flexibility in providing Energy security with Military
pipelines in certain areas
24 “ Spur line for
Petroleum Producs
25 MTPA LNG Super Terminals
Locations (2 of 4 ) are included
in costing
Proposed Solution : Petroleum Product Line Pack and Product Tankages (Dynamic Swing System)
East Coast Energy Corridor is designed to allow west coast Refiners to export product out of the east Coast and import
Fuels through a Bi-directionally flowing system. System will pay for itself in 5 years by eliminating costly truck transport.
Product Tank Farm Location
(ISPRL)
Entity best suited to build & operate the Swing
Pipeline system and its connected storage
tank farms is Indian Oil Corporation (IOCL).
28
Safe Location of Projects on the East Coast :
All proposed facilities, except oil export
and import Terminals , will be located some
distance inland to protect against Cyclones
and Tsunami risk which is a material risk
along the East Coast.
All Oil & Gas Marine Terminals will be designed
For 190 Kmph wind speed and Eleven Mts waves.

29. 29
Project Execution - East Coast Energy Hub & Research City
Large Hadron Collider
 The East Coast Energy Corridor is expected to create 6,00,000 New
Jobs. Tens of Thousands of Engineers will be posted on the East Coast
while working on various project components.
 Energy Hub & Research City : It is proposed to create a Next Generation
Project + Research city / University on the East Coast to provide :
 A Project environment to execute schemes worth $ 500 Billion
 Advanced research facilities for Clean tech, Semiconductors &
Hydrogen technologies
 A collaborative environment for Industry & Academia
 Office facilities & housing for over 2000 technology companies
 Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC)
and IITs in their vision 2047 document have suggested the setting up of
such a Research city. The city will give effect to TIFAC’s vision.
 Large Hadron Collider : The East Coast Research city will host India’s
Next Generation Semiconductor research facilities by being the site for
India’s Hadron Collider. Possible advantages of the site :
 Development of Next generation Energy Technologies
 Indigenous development of Advanced Semiconductors & Fabs
 Creation of tens of billions of dollars in IP
 Saving of Billions of Dollars in Foreign Exchange each year
Besides being the Project office for the East Coast Energy Corridor the
University City will also be India’s center for advanced Semiconductors & Fabs
CERN Lookalike Particle
Accelerator at Proposed
Ahobilam University in Rayalaseema
to foster Development of
Indigenous Next Gen Technologies.

30. 30
1) FLOW : From X toY Direction
Valve Open - A, B, C, D
Valve Close - E, F, G, H
2) FLOW : FromY to X Direction
Valve Open - D, H, E,A
Valve Close - C, B, G, F
Bathinda
Northern
Hub
Gangavaram
&
Krishnapatnam
MarineTerminals
Piping Schematic at all Pump stations on the Swing System. Regardless of direction of flow on the pipeline, the
direction of flow through the Pump stations will remain the same.
East - West Pipeline : Swing System Operation Schematic
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner
Pump Station
Design

31. Extending IOCL, HPCL, BPCL and ISPRL’s Portfolio of Strategic Assets
 Proposed East - West Swing System will consists of the following Assets :
 A bi-directional flowing pipeline system
 5 – 6 Petroleum product strategic storage depots
 Unlike a Conventional crude oil strategic reserve, both the proposed bi-directional flow
product pipeline and Strategic product tankages will be in continuous service.
 Since this is a regular income / profit generating business, It will receive considerable financing
from the private sector and foreign investors.
 The Swing system is 20 % of Part 1 of East Coast Energy Corridor. The Balance 80 % (Refineries, LNG
terminals, Petrochemical complexes & Hydrogen Precursor dual use projects will be set up by various
project consortia.
Given the Strategic nature of the East – West Swing System, it is recommended that it be owned and
operated by an Indian Oil Corporation (IOCL) led consortium
31
IOCL led Consortium
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner

32. India Based Investments ( 2023 – 2030)
MIDSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM
West Coast East & West Coasts Combined
60 MTPA
IOC Refinery
600 Million Bbl
Crude Oil Reserve
16 ” Hoshiarpur – Srinagar
& 16 ” Hoshiarpur - Leh
Spur Pipelines
Mangalore – Hoshiarpur
48 “ Product Pipeline
72 ” Line
70 % of all new Energy
investments to be made based on
a East Coast diversification
strategy & Swing Refining System
Leh
Hoshiarpur
Srinagar
Krishnapatnam
25 MTPA LNG Regas
Terminal
& Giant Petrochemical
Complex
Gangavaram Mega
Oil Terminal
Leh
Srinagar
Jamnagar – Mathura
Crude Oil Pipeline
48 ” Line
Kakinada
30 MTPA Oil Refinery
100 MTPA
East Coast Bi-Directional
Swing Refining System
Indian Energy Market likely to double by 2030. 70 % of all new investments likely to be linked to East coast
Andaman LNG
10 MTPA Possibility
Rangoon LNG
10 MTPA
Possibility
Alternative
120 MMSCMD
Andaman – Bangladesh
- Myanmar – Kolkata
Gas Pipeline
North East
Spur Gas
30 “ Pipeline
20MMSCMD
Vishakhapatnam
Clean Tech Zone & Financial
Centre on East Coast
Hoshiarpur
Sagar Island
Product
& LNG Terminal
Orissa Refining Hub
& Giant LNG Terminal
Indian East Coast Energy Corridor : Oil & Gas Infrastructure Vision 2030 (Swing Refining System)
72 ” Chhara – Jamnagar Line
48 ” Jamnagar – Koyali Line
Crude Oil / Products Pipelines
Giant Chhara Port
Crude Oil & Product
/ LNG Terminal
Possible investors :
 Indian private sector
energy companies
 National oil companies
 Foreign oil & gas majors
 GCC Sovereign wealth funds
Growth is Shifting Eastwards in
India :
 Andhra Pradesh GDP
expanding at 12.14 %.
 Telangana GDP growing at
12.33 %
 Traffic at Ports of Dhamra
& Gangavaram have grown
has grown by over 55 %
since 2015
Robust demand growth is likely
to attract enhanced investments.
Overall, Indian energy demand
is also expected to grow.
32

33. Part 1 of ECEC will create Large Investment Multiplier impacts and 6,00,000 New Jobs in India by 2027
Transformative Conventional
Oil & Gas & Hydrogen
(Hybrid) projects with a total
Capex = US $ 100 Billion
Investment Multiplier = 3
US $ 300 Billion
+
6,00,000 New Jobs
In related & supporting
industries
+ 60,000 New Jobs
in partner countries
3 New LNG Import terminals with a
Total capacity of
50 MTPA (at existing ports)
Capex = US $ 6 Billion
2 New oil Refineries with a total
capacity of
45 MTPA
Capex = US $ 20 Billion
600 Million Bbl crude oil producers
reserve on West Coast + 100 Million
Bbl products reserve + Port Infra
Capex = US $ 20 Billion
4500 Km of petroleum product
pipelines
Capex = US $ 8 Billion
6500 Km of Natural gas pipelines
( including Offshore construction )
Capex = US $20 Billion
600 Km of special crude oil
military pipelines
Capex = US $ 4 Billion
6 Million tonnes
petrochemical complexes
Capex = US $ 10 Billion
Offshore exploration & production
platforms
& Gas processing complexes
Capex = US $ 12 Billion
Direct impacts
(India)
Indirect impacts
Projects Within Part 1 of East Coast Energy Corridor
Taxes
Royalties
Wealth Creation :
Billions of US Dollars
in terms of increased
Market Cap of companies
Creation of 6,00,000
New Jobs
Massive
Development of the
East Coast
Integrated Technology capabilities
for the Energy Transition
Orissa
Refining Hub and LNG Giant
Terminal ( 1 + 1 )
East Coast Energy Corridor (ECEC) : Investment Multiplier Impacts and New Job Creation potential (Part 1)
33
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner
Note :
This project list pertains only to Part 1.
Each of Parts 2 – 6 that will follow shortly will have their own project list.

34. East Coast Energy Corridor has a modular design
Investors may choose the projects they want to participate in
34
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner

35.  East Coast Energy Corridor (ECEC) :
 Very low cost startup strategy
 New & Innovative business models
 Expected to bring in approx. US $ 50 Billion in Foreign investments
 Generates US $ 3 - 4 billion in cash through Hybrid project designs
 Financial innovation to bring scale to clean technology projects (Featured in Parts 2 - 6)
 Achieves 60 % Renewable ready India by 2035. Parts 2 - 6 will help achieve Net Zero by 2055.
 Includes both conventional oil + gas & Hydrogen precursor projects
 Creates new clean tech R & D capacity within project sponsors
 Creates large scale new business opportunities for EPC companies
 Innovative Business models - Based on a digital innovation & smart contracts
 Creates 6,00,000 New Jobs in India by 2027
 Investors can choose to participate in project components of their choice
Key Takeaways (Part 1)
East Coast Energy Corridor creates substantial business value for initial project sponsors. The project
will also transform India’s Energy map.
35
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner
Safe Location of Projects on the East Coast :
All proposed facilities, except oil export
and import Terminals , will be located some
distance inland to protect against Cyclones
and Tsunami risk which is a material risk
along the East Coast.
All Oil & Gas Marine Terminals will be designed
For 190 Kmph wind speed and Eleven Mts waves.

36. East Coast Energy Corridor – Partner Ecosystem
Ministry of Oil & Gas ( MOPNG )
Indian Oil Corporation ( Project lead )
National Oil Companies
IOC, BPCL
HPCL, ONGC
Oil India
Petronet LNG
Private Energy Players
Reliance Industries
Nayara Energy
Adani Enterprises
Cairn India (Vedanta Group)
Tata Group
EPC Contractors
Larsen &Toubro Ltd.
Bechtel, Flour Daniel
Samsung E & C
Jacobs,Afcons
Tata Projects
Punj Lloyd Etc
Foreign Partners
Foreign NOCs, Global Oil Majors
SovereignWealth Funds
Indian Financial
Institutions & Banks
DEAL SYNDICATION
FOR NET ZERO GOALS
Partner Ecosystem
36
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner
Indian
Banks
International
Banks
Sovereign
Wealth Funds
US Exim
JEXIM

37. Om Sangrahaya Namaha OmVishwaksenaya Namaha
Annexure 1
Fundamental SPR Concepts
Rationale to correct Conceptual Errors in India’s current SPR plan
37
3 slide Concept
presentation

38. 38
Historical Context : Evolution of the Concept of Energy Security
Period Event / Market Situation Strategic Concerns
Early 20th Century 1.To ensure domination of
the seas by the royal navy
as oil fired ships were
faster than coal fired ones.
First world war (1914 – 1918)
1973 – 74 Arab Oil Embargo against the US Higher oil price for
to protest US Support to Israel in for western countries
1973 Arab – Israeli War
Early ‘ 2000’s Rising global demand Potential shortages due to
limited crude oil supply
 Energy Security first emerged as a vital
issue during the first world war.
 After world war II, the following events put
energy security on the TOP of the agenda :
 Suez Crisis of Oct ‘ 1956
 Increase in tanker size from 16,500 DWT
… to 5,00,000 DWT in response to the Suez
Crisis … by 1971-72
 The Arab oil embargo of 1973
 The Increase in tanker size led to the
re - location of refineries from the
Major crude oil producing centers in
the middle east to… consuming centers
/ Markets in the western hemisphere
 As the refineries moved and their numbers
increased … crude oil supply security
became a Major Issue … especially after
the Arab oil embargo of 1973
 While US President Gen Dwight Eisenhower
had called for an SPR after the 1956 Suez
Crisis, it as only after the Arab oil embargo
in 1973 that US SPR was formally approved
by President Ford in 1975… at 1 Billion Bbls.
Winston Churchill as First Lord
Of the Admiralty converts British
warships to oil from coal
Churchill secured for the British
Crown, a 51 per cent controlling
interest in the Anglo-Persian Oil
Company in Iran for £2.2 million.
2. Securing Fuel Supplies
for the Royal Navy
3. Security of fuel supplies
to the armies that
protected the British
empire around the world.
Energy Security : Basic Concepts From Global Experience (1900 - The Present)
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner

39. 39
 After the US built its first Strategic Petroleum
Reserve (SPR) storage sites in the Louisiana
salt domes in June 1977, other countries
started building their own SPRs.
 SPRs were established by the following
countries and trading blocks since 1977 :
 The Critical thing to note is that SPRs are
best suited to situations where :
 Refineries are in relatively safe locations.
 Alternative product pipeline infrastructure
guarantees liquid fuel availability … In a
national crisis
Current Energy Security Concept
SPRs Are a Necessary, But not sufficient to guarantee energy security. In fact a robust and geographically distributed
product pipelines infrastructure is more critical to energy security
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner
Energy Security : Basic Concepts From Global Experience (1900 - The Present)

40. 40
1. Crude oil storage reserve as a concept needs to be executed differently in India as most of the
refineries are located close to a failing Pakistani state
2. If the refineries are attacked … India’s crude oil reserves as currently planned and executed are likely
have very little utility value, as there will be in-adequate refining capacity to process crude oil in the SPR.
3. A conventional SPR operational strategy would work better if it were designed as a Crude oil producers
reserve by involving Persian gulf / GCC states. Such an SPR could then be increased in size to 600
Million bbls on the lines of the recent India – UAE SPR deal.
4. It needs to be understood that Energy Security is fundamentally a Military Concept, as in a national
security crisis we would need petroleum products … not crude oil
5. Bi-directional flowing, Petroleum product pipelines from the East coast are therefore a much better option
than conventional crude oil reserves, especially given India’s geography.
The proposed East - West Swing Refinery System + 600 Million Bbl, GCC backed SPR is therefore a more robust Energy
security proposition given the need to support India’s expansion to a US $ 7.5 Trillion economy by 2033
Energy Security : Takeaways & Action Items For MOPNG / Govt of India
Ashish Puntambekar, Strategic Planner

41. End of Part 1
Parts 2 – 6 that deal with Energy Transition, De-carbonization, Sustainability & Financial innovation will be made available soon.
41

42. Govt. Letters
Construct India Mission
Now GATI SHAKTI
Defence Industrial Corridor
42
42

43. 43
Thank you for your attention
43
Ashish Puntambekar
Head of Sustainability, Climate Finance
& Carbon Consulting
X36 Falcon
&
Former Vice President of Strategic Planning
Reliance Industries Ltd.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ashishpuntambekar/
Email : ashish@x36falcon.com
akpuntambekar108@gmail.com
Ph : 9867612368