Of aluminium pan

1. SUBJECT:METALLURGICAL OPERATION SEMINAR (3152114)
SEMESTER: 5
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SECTOR 28, GANDHINAGAR
PRESENTED BY:- JahanviDave (210130121008)
Arzoo Bhalodiya (210130121009)
GUIDED BY:-Dr.I.B.Dave
Prof. D.V.Mahant
DEPARTMENT:METALLURGY ENGINEERING
Introduction to Non-stick Aluminium Pan
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Non-Stick Alumimium Pan
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2. Contents
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Non-Stick Alumimium Pan
 Introduction
 Properties
 Discovery of Non-Stick Coating
 Types of Non-Stick Coating
 PTFE Coating Molecular Structure
 Properties and Performance of PTFE
 Advantages and Disadvantages of PTFE
 What isAnodizing ?
 Application ofAnodizedAluminium
 References
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3. Introduction
 Cookware present several characteristics that significantly differentiate
one from another.
 The supply of non-stick cookware on the market has recently grown,
presenting coatings and finishes of various kind. In fact, surface
engineering have a key role to improvement the performance of
engineering components [1]
 In order to satisfy this aim they use Various materials like polymeric
coatings made of PTFE (commonly Called Teflon) or recently, ceramic
coatings. Beside these systems, Other types of cookware coatings have
been tested in these years as [2–4].
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4. Introduction
 Teflon is an organic auto-lubricant Material, it is resistant to high
temperatures and it is used for coating metal surfaces in order to
provide non-stick properties [5–7].
 There are different types of cookware in use all over the world which
are made from variety of materials ranging from clay, ceramics, glass,
to metals like gold, silver, copper, brass, bronze, cast iron, steel,
stainless steel aluminum alloys and food grade plastics.
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5. Properties
 Here are the characteristics of aluminum alloys:
1. Lightweight: Aluminum alloys have low densities, making
them lightweight and ideal for applications where weight is a
critical factor.
2. Corrosion Resistance: The surfaces of aluminum alloys
form a natural oxide layer that protects against corrosion in
many environments.
3. High Strength-to-weight Ratio: Aluminum alloys are
strong and durable despite their low mass, making them
useful in various applications where strength and weight
must be carefully balanced.
4. Formability: Aluminum alloys can be easily shaped and
formed, making them versatile in manufacturing
processes.[8]
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Aluminium Alloy Ingots [9]
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6. Properties
 Properties of Aluminium used in cooking utensils:
• The main property of Aluminium which is exploited in
cooking utensils is its heat conductivity.
• Aluminum is a good conductor of heat, making the process
of cooking food a lot easier rather than a material which is a
bad conductor of heat.
• Aluminum is malleable, light in weight, and has a high
melting point making it appropriate to be drawn into
utensils.[10]
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Anodized Aluminium Pan
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7. Discovery of Non-Stick Coating[11]
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Non-Stick Alumimium Pan
 The discovery of PTFE actually happened completely by accident.
When working in a team trying to develop non-toxic refrigerants
in the 1930s at chemical company Dupont, Dr. Roy Plunkett was
using a compound called tetrafluoroethene.
 Tetrafluoroethene is a gas, so it needed to be stored in small
cylinder. Upon opening one of these cylinders, Plunkett found that
the gas had disappeared, and in its place was a white, waxy solid.
This solid was PTFE.
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8. Types of Non-Stick Coating
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Ceramic Light colour
PTFE
Dark PTFE
[12]
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9. PTFE Coating Molecular Structure [13]
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10. Properties and Performance of PTFE
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[13]
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11. Advantages and Disadvantages of PTFE
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[14]
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Advantages:-
 Minimum usage of oil and fat content products
 Withstand high temperatures up to 500 degrees Fahrenheit, making it ideal for
cooking and baking.
 Resists scratches
 Evenly distributes heat and saves on fuel
Disadvantages:-
 Teflon isn’t biodegradable.
 The coating may peel or scratch over time, reducing the nonstick properties.

12. What is Anodizing ?
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• Anodizing is an electrochemical process that converts the metal
surface into a decorative, durable, corrosion-resistant, anodic
oxide finish.
• Aluminium is ideally suited to anodizing, although other nonferrous
metals, such as magnesium and titanium, also can be anodized.
• Anodizing is an environmentally safe electrochemical process that
converts the aluminium metal surface into a porous aluminium oxide,
ultimately creating an end product whose finish is more durable and
weather-resistant.
[15]
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13. Application of Anodized Aluminum
 Structures and architectural categories of all types
 Cookware Appliances
 Commercial and residential building products
 Food preparation equipment
 Furniture
 Sporting goods and boats
 Motor vehicle components
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[16]
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Aluminium section
anodized ceiling curtain wall
anodized parts for aesthetic
purpose

14. References
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Non-Stick Alumimium Pan
[1] James AS, Thomas K, Mann P, Wall R. The role and impacts of surface engineering in
environmental design. Mater Des 2005;26:594–601.
[2] Sordelet DJ, Widener SD, Tanga Y, Besser MF. Characterization of a commercially produced
Al–Cu–Fe–Cr quasicrystalline coating. Mater Sci Eng 2000;294–296:834–7.
[3] Kuhn A. PTFE coating vs impregnation. Met Finish 2004;102(12):12–7.
[4] Rabson DA. Review – toward theories of friction and adhesion on quasicrystals.
Prog Surf Sci 2012;87:253–71.
[5] Ashokkumar S, Adler-Nissen J. Evaluating non-stick properties of different
surface materials for contact frying. J Food Eng 2011;105:537–44.
[6] Liew KW, Chia SY, Kok CK, Low KO. Evaluation on tribological design coatings of Al2O3,
Ni–P–PTFE and MoS2 on aluminium alloy 7075 under oil lubrication Mater Des 2013;48:77–84.
[7] Unal H, Mimaroglu A, Kadıoglu U, Ekiz H. Sliding friction and wear behaviour of
polytetrafluoroethylene and its composites under dry conditions. Mater Des 2004;25:239–45.
[8] Aluminum Alloy: Definition, Characteristics, Types, Properties, and Applications | Xometry
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15. References
[9] https://images.prismic.io/xometry-marketing/8537d428-61db-4f24-a9fc-
e101ec44f715_aluminum-alloy-
scrap.jpg?ixlib=gatsbyFP&auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&w=1000&h=750
[10] Name the properties for which Aluminium is used in cooking utensils. (byjus.com)
[11]https://www.compoundchem.com/2016/02/04/teflon/[accessed 20.09.2023]
[12] http://www.teflon-art-innovation.com/fileadmin/user_upload/salesfolder/
DP_Teflon_Folder_CC_GB.pdf [accessed 22.08.2023]
[13]Performance properties and applications of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)—
a review Article in Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials · June 2018 by Girish M.
Joshi
[14]https://mealprepify.com/types-of-non-stick-coatings/
[15]https://www.anodizing.org/page/what-is-anodizing
[16]https://www.saf.com/anodizing/anodized-aluminum-applications/[23-08-2023]
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16. Thank you
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