41. MW of solute
Pore size
Pore number & distribution
Membrane thickness
Membrane surface area
Temperature on either side
Concentration gradient
42. Diffusion in dialysis
MW of solute
Pore size
Pore number & distribution
Membrane thickness
Membrane surface area – A
Temperature on either side
Concentration gradient
Ko
43. KoA
• The theoretical maximum clearance of the
dialyzer at infinite dialysate and blood flow
• Ko- permeability coefficient of the dialyzer
• A - surface area
• Expressed in ml/min
52. • What are the factors determining
ultrafiltration?
53. • Trans membrane pressure
• Hydraulic permeability of the membrane
54. ULTRAFILTRATION
Controlled fluid removal by manipulation of
hydrostatic pressure.
• Ultrafiltration uses both positive and negative pressure:
o Positive pressure
• pressure exerted by the blood flowing through the
dialyzer, Results from blood being pushed by blood
pump
o Negative pressure
• pressure applied to the dialysate side by the machine
• Pulls excess fluid from blood compartment to dialysate
compartment drain
65. RRTs – Principles of Dialysis
Diffusion Convection Ultrafiltration
Conventional
Hemodialtsis
+++ + +
High Efficiency HD ++++ + +
High Flux Dialysis +++ +++ +++
Hemofiltration - ++++ ++++
Hemodialfiltration +++ ++++ ++++
66. 1
• The blood dialysate flow configuration that
maintains the optimum blood dialysate
concentration gradient
A. Concurrent flow
B. Countercurrent flow
C. Crosscurrent flow
D. Recirculation flow
67. 2
• Ultrafiltration during hemodialysis is due to
A. Dialysate flow rate
B. Blood flow rate
C. Osmotic pressure gradient between blood and
dialysate
D. Hydrostatic pressure gradient between blood
and dialysate
E. None of above
68. 3
• Ultrafiltration coefficient (KUF) refers to
A. The resistance to water removal
B. Amount of water removed from blood per unit
time as a function of pressure difference
C. The amount of water removed per unit time
D. The resistance of dialyzer to solute removal
69. 4
• Mass transfer coefficient refers to
A. Amount of fluid removed per unit time
B. Amount of solute removed per unit time
C. The resistance offered to solute removal
D. The resistance offered to fluid removal
E. None of them
71. 5
• Sieving coefficient depends on all of following
EXEPT
A. Molecular weight cutoff the membrane
B. Ultrafiltration rate
C. Surface area
D. Diffusion
76. • Diffusion is greater for small molecules as
compared to larger molecules
• Low flux: molecular wt cut off = 10000
daltons
• High flux: molecular weight cut off = 30000
daltons
77. RRTs – Principles of Dialysis
Diffusion Convection Ultrafiltration
Conventional
Hemodialtsis
+++ + +
High Efficiency
HD
++++ + +
High Flux
Dialysis
+++ +++ +++
Hemofiltration - ++++ ++++
Hemodialfiltrat
ion
+++ ++++ ++++
Peritoneal
Dialysis
+++ - -