Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic, progressive, degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS)

1. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Presented by:
Arti Sahu
Under Supervision of:
Dr Anjana Purohit
Department of Psychology

2.  Chronic, progressive, degenerative disorder of the
central nervous system (CNS)
 Characterized by segmental demyelination of nerve
fibers of the brain and spinal cord.
 Onset between 20 and 50 years of age.
 Women are affected 2-3 times more than men.
 More prevalent in temperate climates

3. Etiology
 Cause is unknown.
 Related to infectious, immunologic, and genetic factors
 Multiple genes confer susceptibility to multiple sclerosis
(MS).
 Multiple genes are believed to be involved in the
inherited susceptibility to MS and first-, second-, and
third-degree relatives of patients with MS are at an
increased risk.

4. Pathogenesis of MS
 Initially, attacks cause damage to myelin sheaths of
neurons in brain and spinal cord.
 With ongoing inflammation, myelin loses ability to
regenerate. Eventually damage occurs to the underlying
axon.
 As inflammation subsides, glial scar tissue replaces the
damaged tissue, leading to the formation of hard,
sclerotic plaques.

5. Clinical Manifestations
 Common manifestations of MS include motor, sensory,
cerebellar, and emotional problems.
 Classification scheme with four primary patterns of MS
1. Relapsing-remitting
2. Primary-progressive
3. Secondary-progressive
4. Progression-relapsing

6. Diagnostic Studies
 No definitive diagnostic test for MS
 Based primarily on history, clinical manifestations, and
results of certain diagnostic tests
 MRI of brain and spinal cord may show the presence of
plaques, inflammation, atrophy, and tissue breakdown
and destruction.
 Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) analysis: ↑ in
immunoglobulin G & Presence of oligoclonal banding.

7. Collaborative Care Drug Therapy
 Currently there is no cure for MS. Drug therapy is aimed at
treating the disease process & providing symptomatic relief.
 Drug therapy used to slow the progression of disease includes
immunosuppressants, immunomodulators, &
adrenocorticotropic hormone.
 Other drug therapy: Muscle relaxants, CNS stimulants,
Anticholinergics, Tricyclic antidepressants, Selective potassium
channel blocker, & Antiseizure drugs.
 Physical therapy

8. Thank you