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Hukum Sumber 
Daya Alam 
Nuklir
Pasca PD II 
Nuclear - cheap 
energy? 
IAEA (1965) 
UN GA (1977) 
Every state had the right to use it and 
have access to the technology 
Nuclear energy for peaceful purposes 
Int'l cooperation -- NUCLEAR LAW 
To protect 
workers 
To protect 
public 
To protect 
environment 
To provide 
equitable 
compensation
OPEC raised 
the price of oil in 
1973 
Expansion in 
nuclear energy 
production 
Long term health 
& environmental 
consequences 
London Conv. 
Liability & state 
responsibility 
Nuclear accidents 
National & 
international on 
nuclear facilities 
1972 
Stockholm Conf. 
1972 
NUCLEAR 
Reduce on fossil fuels & reduce global warming 
Stronger int'l regulation & cooperation
Perjanjian Internasional 
Pada awalnya hanya mengatur tanggung jawab & ganti rugi dalam 
hal nuclear damage 
Perkembangan setelah peristiwa Chernobyl (1986) ~ early 
notification and assistance 
Organisasi Internasional 
International Atomic Energy Authority (IAEA) 
Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), Organisation for Economic Co-operation 
& Development (OECD)
Tanggung Jawab & Ganti Rugi 
Paris Convention on 
Third Party Liability 
in the Field of 
Nuclear Energy 
1960 
Dilengkapi dengan Brussels 
Convention 1963 
Kedua instrumen telah 
diamandemen melalui Additional 
Protocols tahun 1964 dan 1982 
Berlaku secara regional
‘Chanelling liability’ dan ‘Limiting 
liability’ 
Chanelling ~ pemulihan kerugian 
akibat aktivitas nuklir 
Limiting ~ memastikan risiko yang 
dapat dihitung dan dapat 
diasuransikan 
Beberapa ketentuan 
penting dalam rejim 
Paris/ Brussels 
Operator instalasi nuklir 
bertanggung jawab atas kerugian 
terhadap nyawa & barang 
yang ditimbulkan oleh kecelakaan 
nuklir atau transportasi bahan-bahan 
nuklir 
Tanggung jawab mutlak 
dan eksklusif (strictly & 
exclusively liable) 
Jaminan 
keuangan 
(financial 
security) 
Kesulitan dalam hal ganti 
rugi atas aktivitas nuklir rutin 
Proving causation 
Threshold of harm 
Basic limitation period (10 
tahun)
Vienna Convention on 
Civil Liability for Nuclear 
Damage 1963 
‘absolute & exclusive 
liability’ dari operator 
‘insurance & financial 
security’ 
Untuk melengkapi konvensi 
tersebut, telah disahkan : 
Convention on Supplementary 
Compensation for Nuclear 
Damage dan Protocol to 
Amend the 1963 Convention 
on Civil Liability for Nuclear 
Damage, 1997
Secara umum ~ rejim regional 
maupun global tentang nuklir 
Tanggung jawab dibebankan pada operator 
No-fault liability 
Tanggung jawab terbatas dalam hal jumlah dan waktu 
Adanya mekanisme asuransi atau jaminan keuangan 
Jurisdiksi dimiliki oleh pengadilan Negara pihak tempat 
terjadinya insiden nuklir 
Non-diskriminasi terhadap korban
Notification, Assistance & Safety 
Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident & Convention on 
Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency 
1986 
Kewajiban Negara peserta untuk menginformasikan segera melalui 
IAEA mengenai Negara-negara yang mungkin akan terkena 
dampak ‘transboundary releases of radiological safety significance’ 
Mengatur kerja sama antar Negara dan IAEA dalam hal terjadi 
kecelakaan nuklir atau radiological emergency 
Mendorong mekanisme pengaturan di tingkat bilateral maupun 
multilateral
Nuclear Safety 
Convention, 1994 
Mengatur standar : 
‘siting, design, construction and the operation of nuclear 
installations’ 
‘adequacy of human & financial resources’ 
‘assessment & verification of safety’ 
‘quality assurance’ 
‘emergency preparedness’
Nuclear use location
Nuklir
Nuklir

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Nuklir

  • 1. Hukum Sumber Daya Alam Nuklir
  • 2. Pasca PD II Nuclear - cheap energy? IAEA (1965) UN GA (1977) Every state had the right to use it and have access to the technology Nuclear energy for peaceful purposes Int'l cooperation -- NUCLEAR LAW To protect workers To protect public To protect environment To provide equitable compensation
  • 3. OPEC raised the price of oil in 1973 Expansion in nuclear energy production Long term health & environmental consequences London Conv. Liability & state responsibility Nuclear accidents National & international on nuclear facilities 1972 Stockholm Conf. 1972 NUCLEAR Reduce on fossil fuels & reduce global warming Stronger int'l regulation & cooperation
  • 4. Perjanjian Internasional Pada awalnya hanya mengatur tanggung jawab & ganti rugi dalam hal nuclear damage Perkembangan setelah peristiwa Chernobyl (1986) ~ early notification and assistance Organisasi Internasional International Atomic Energy Authority (IAEA) Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
  • 5. Tanggung Jawab & Ganti Rugi Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy 1960 Dilengkapi dengan Brussels Convention 1963 Kedua instrumen telah diamandemen melalui Additional Protocols tahun 1964 dan 1982 Berlaku secara regional
  • 6. ‘Chanelling liability’ dan ‘Limiting liability’ Chanelling ~ pemulihan kerugian akibat aktivitas nuklir Limiting ~ memastikan risiko yang dapat dihitung dan dapat diasuransikan Beberapa ketentuan penting dalam rejim Paris/ Brussels Operator instalasi nuklir bertanggung jawab atas kerugian terhadap nyawa & barang yang ditimbulkan oleh kecelakaan nuklir atau transportasi bahan-bahan nuklir Tanggung jawab mutlak dan eksklusif (strictly & exclusively liable) Jaminan keuangan (financial security) Kesulitan dalam hal ganti rugi atas aktivitas nuklir rutin Proving causation Threshold of harm Basic limitation period (10 tahun)
  • 7. Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage 1963 ‘absolute & exclusive liability’ dari operator ‘insurance & financial security’ Untuk melengkapi konvensi tersebut, telah disahkan : Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage dan Protocol to Amend the 1963 Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, 1997
  • 8. Secara umum ~ rejim regional maupun global tentang nuklir Tanggung jawab dibebankan pada operator No-fault liability Tanggung jawab terbatas dalam hal jumlah dan waktu Adanya mekanisme asuransi atau jaminan keuangan Jurisdiksi dimiliki oleh pengadilan Negara pihak tempat terjadinya insiden nuklir Non-diskriminasi terhadap korban
  • 9. Notification, Assistance & Safety Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident & Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency 1986 Kewajiban Negara peserta untuk menginformasikan segera melalui IAEA mengenai Negara-negara yang mungkin akan terkena dampak ‘transboundary releases of radiological safety significance’ Mengatur kerja sama antar Negara dan IAEA dalam hal terjadi kecelakaan nuklir atau radiological emergency Mendorong mekanisme pengaturan di tingkat bilateral maupun multilateral
  • 10. Nuclear Safety Convention, 1994 Mengatur standar : ‘siting, design, construction and the operation of nuclear installations’ ‘adequacy of human & financial resources’ ‘assessment & verification of safety’ ‘quality assurance’ ‘emergency preparedness’