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2. Who coined the term?
 The term gender identity was coined by psychiatry
professor Robert J. Stoller in 1964 and popularized by
the controversial psychologist John Money.
 John Money was instrumental in the early research of
gender identity, though he used the term gender role.

3. People are the gender they choose
Gender identity is the personal sense of one’s own
gender. Gender identity can correlate with a person’s
assigned sex or can differ from it. In most individuals,
the various biological determinants of sex are
congruent, and consistent with the individual’s gender
identity.

4. Is it always the case?
GENDER EXPRESSION TYPICALLY REFLECTS A
PERSON’S GENDER IDENTITY, BUT THIS IS NOT
ALWAYS THE CASE. WHILE A PERSON MAY
EXPRESS BEHAVIORS, ATTITUDES, AND
APPEARANCES CONSISTENT WITH A PARTICULAR
GENDER ROLE, SUCH EXPRESSION MAY NOT
NECESSARILY REFLECT THEIR GENDER IDENTITY.

6. Social view
 In most societies, there is a basic division between
gender attributes associated with males and females, a
gender binary to which most people adhere and which
includes expectations of masculinity and femininity in all
aspects of sex and gender: biological sex, gender
identity, gender expression

7. Biological gender
In humans, the presence of the Y
chromosome is responsible for triggering
male development; in the absence of the Y
chromosome, the fetus will undergo female
development.

8. Is biological gender,real gender??
Some people do not identify with some, or
all, of the aspects of gender associated with
their biological sex
Biological gender does not coincide with real
gender

9. Development of gender identity
 The 2012 book Introduction to Behavioral
Science in Medicine says that with exceptions,
“Gender identity develops surprisingly rapidly
in the early childhood years, and in the
majority of instances appears to become at
least partially irreversible by the age of 3 or 4

10.  The Endocrine Society has stated “Considerable
scientific evidence has emerged demonstrating a
durable biological element underlying gender identity.
Individuals may make choices due to other factors in
their lives, but there do not seem to be external forces
that genuinely cause individuals to change gender
identity.

11. What determines gender identity ??
 Essentialists argue that gender identity is determined at
birth by biological and genetic factors, while social
constructivists argue that gender identity and the way it
is expressed are socially constructed, instead
determined by cultural and social influences.

12. Age of formation
There are several theories about how and when
gender identity forms, and studying the subject is
difficult because children’s immature language
acquisition requires researchers to make
assumptions from indirect evidence.

13. POV of some social thinkers
 John Money suggested children might have awareness of
and attach some significance to gender as early as 18
months to 2 years
 Lawrence Kohlberg argued that gender identity does not
form until age 3. It is widely agreed that core gender identity
is firmly formed by age 3

14. Steps involved in developing gender
identity
 Martin and Ruble conceptualize this process of development as three
stages:
 (1) as toddlers and pre-schoolers, children learn about defined
characteristics, which are socialized aspects of gender;
 (2) around the ages of five to seven years, identity is consolidated and
becomes rigid;
 (3) after this “peak of rigidity”, fluidity returns and socially defined
gender roles relax somewhat.

15. Social factors
 Social factors which may influence gender identity include ideas
regarding gender roles conveyed by family, authority figures,
mass media, and other influential people in a child’s life.
 When children are raised by individuals who adhere to stringent
gender roles, they are more likely to behave in the same way,
matching their gender identity with the corresponding
stereotypical gender patterns.

16. Language as a factor
 Language also plays a role: children, while learning a
language, learn to separate masculine and feminine
characteristics and subconsciously adjust their own
behavior to these predetermined roles.

17. Social learning theory
 The social learning theory posits that children furthermore
develop their gender identity through observing and
imitating gender-linked behaviors, and then being rewarded
or punished for behaving that way, thus being shaped by
the people surrounding them through trying to imitate and
follow them.

18. Demerits
 Gender identity can lead to societal security issues among
individuals that do not fit on a binary scale.
 As of 2022, only 23 states plus Washington D.C. currently
have state laws that explicitly prohibit discrimination based
on sexual orientation and gender identity.

19. In some cases, a person’s gender identity is
inconsistent with their biological sex
characteristics
 Resulting in individuals dressing and/or behaving
in a way which is perceived by others as outside
cultural gender norms.

20. Conclusion
 People regardless of what gender they choose should
work towards the betterment of the society and the
needy
 At the end it is their dedication towards something they
desire, regardless of their biological gender.

21. Made by: Arin Ganjoo
Class: 12th medical
Roll number: 23
Submitted to: Chavi ma’am ( English faculty)