ROLE OF NURSE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN COMMUNITY HEALTH

2. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING-II
• By:
• ANWAR ALI MALIK,
• BSN (G),M.ED, MPH
• V.PRINCIPAL
• HIMAS CON
• malikstar2000@gmail.com
• 03333398310

3. UNIT I: Introduction to
Reproductive Health
• By the end of the session learners will be able
to:
• 1. Integrate the role of a community health
nurse and other health team members in
reproductive health care.
• 2. An overview of women’s health and its
relationship to poverty, access and quality of
care.

4. THE NURSE’S ROLE IN COMMUNITY
HEALTH
In the past, caregivers journeyed on horseback
to the homes of their neighbors to provide
medical services.
These caregivers were crucial to reducing the
mortality rates in their communities.
After the civil war, hospitals were built.
This began the implementation of organized
healthcare.
Today, nurses practice in a variety of settings
and community health is again re-emerging as
an integral part of providing care to everyone.

5. What Is Community Health Nursing?
• Community health nursing is a discipline that
incorporates evidenced-based research along
with advances in science and new approaches
for improving the health.
• The practice takes into consideration the
cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds of
the people in the community to ensure
appropriate interaction and sensitivity when
working with them.

6. • A community is a group of people in a specific
location, which includes places where people
live, work and go to school.
• Most people belong to multiple types of
communities. Community health nursing is
commonly practiced in geographic locations
like cities and rural areas.

7. What Is the Goal of Community Health
Nursing?
The goal of community health nursing is to
promote, protect and preserve the health of
the public.
Community health nursing involves these
basic concepts:
 Promote healthy lifestyle.
 Prevent disease and health problems.
 Provide direct care.

8. Educate community about managing chronic
conditions and making healthy choices.
 Evaluate a community’s delivery of patient
care and wellness projects.
 Institute health and wellness programs.
 Conduct research to improve healthcare.

9. What Is the Role of a Community Health
Nurse?
• The primary role of community health nurses
is to provide treatment to patients.
• Additionally, community health nurses offer
education to community members about
maintaining their health so that they can
decrease the occurrence of diseases and
deaths.
• They plan educational assemblies, hand -out
flyers, conduct health screenings, dispense
medications and administer immunizations.

10. • Nurses also may distribute health-related
items like condoms and pregnancy tests.
• Examples of some health issues that
community health nurses try to control or
eliminate are:
• Infectious and sexually transmitted diseases
• Obesity
• Poor nutrition
• Substance abuse
• Smoking
• Teen pregnancy

11. Where Do Community Health Nurses
Work?
• Community health nurses work in hospitals,
community centers, clinics, schools and
government health agencies.
• Community health nurses are important to
regions where healthcare is not easily
accessible, so they can travel to remote places
and isolated areas of a city.

12. What is the role of a Reproductive Nurse?
Reproductive Nurses (also known as Fertility
Nurses) care for individuals, couples, and
families who seek treatment options related to
reproductive health.
These nurses work with women experiencing
infertility, couples having difficulty with
conception, or women going through
menopause.

13. Reproductive Nurses
• The role of a Reproductive Nurse is
exciting!
• Reproductive medicine is a constantly
developing field and requires nurses to
stay abreast of, and trained in, the latest
industry advances and techniques.

14. • Requirements performed by a Reproductive
Nurse, include but are not limited to,
• Educating a patient about their reproductive
cycle, treatment protocol and outcomes.
• Teaching a patient or her partner how to take
their injectable medications.
• Assisting a physician during egg retrieval or
embryo transfer procedures.

15. • Counselling a patient as she or he copes with
a negative pregnancy test, miscarriage or poor
treatment outcome.
• Provide ongoing emotional support.
• Learning about the latest evidence-based best
practice in reproductive technology.
• Participating in team meetings about ethical
issues.
• Helping patients navigate their options for
third-party reproduction, including sperm
donors, egg donors, and surrogates.

16. Successes and Challenges
• Being able to share news that a patient is
pregnant is incredibly fulfilling.
• It is an amazing feeling to know they played a
part in their patients’ journey in welcoming
their miracle baby.
• Reproductive Nurses are overjoyed to see
their patients become parents.
• They create a close bond with their patients
and often receive newborn photos and
updates on the families.

17. • On the other hand, there are many
challenging aspects of becoming a
Reproductive Nurse.
• Patients are often emotionally exhausted by
the time they reach a fertility clinic.
• and the nurses play an important role in
providing sympathetic care to their patients
and understand with their unique situations.

18. • Delivering news that a pregnancy test was
negative or the cycle has to be cancelled is
difficult to convey because so much time,
emotions, and finances are invested in hope
of a positive outcome.
• They recognize how incredibly tough the
journey can be for our patients and they are
here for them every step of the way.

19. WOMEN’S HEALTH
• Women's health refers to the branch of
medicine that focuses on the treatment
and diagnosis of diseases and conditions
that affect a woman's physical and
emotional well-being.

20. • Women's health includes a wide range of specialities
and focus areas, such as:
• Birth control, sexually transmitted infections (STIs),
and gynecology
• Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and other female
cancers
• Mammography
• Menopause and hormone therapy
• Osteoporosis
• Pregnancy and childbirth
• Sexual health
• Women and heart disease
• Benign conditions affecting the function of the
female reproductive organs

21. PREVENTATIVE CARE AND SCREENINGS
• Preventative care for women includes the following services:
• Regular gynecological checkups, including a pelvic exam and
breast exam
• Pap smear and HPV testing
• Bone density testing
• Breast cancer screening
• Discussions about colon cancer screening
• Age-appropriate immunizations
• Healthy lifestyle risk assessment
• Hormonal testing for menopause
• Immunizations
• Screening for STIs
• Breast self-exam instruction may also be included.

22. BREAST CARE SERVICES
• Breast care services include the diagnosis and treatment of breast
cancer, which may involve:
• Breast biopsy
• Breast MRI scan
• Breast ultrasound
• Genetic testing and counseling for women with a family or
personal history of breast cancer
• Hormonal therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy
• Mammography
• Mastectomy and breast reconstruction
• The breast care services team may also diagnose and treat
noncancerous conditions of the breast, including:
• Benign breast lumps
• Lymphedema, a condition in which excess fluid collects in tissue
and causes swelling

23. SEXUAL HEALTH SERVICES
• Your sexual health is an important part of your
overall well-being.
Women's sexual health services may include:
• Birth control (contraceptives).
• Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of
sexually-transmitted infections.
• Therapies to help with problems with sexual
function.

24. GYNECOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
SERVICES
• Gynecology and reproductive health services may
include the diagnosis and treatment of various
conditions and diseases, including:
• Abnormal Pap smears
• Presence of high-risk HPV
• Abnormal vaginal bleeding
• Bacterial vaginosis
• Endometriosis
• Heavy menstrual cycles
• Irregular menstrual cycles

25. Other vaginal infections
• Ovarian cysts
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Pelvic pain
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual
dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
• Uterine fibroids
• Uterine and vaginal prolapse
• Vaginal yeast infection
• Various conditions affecting the vulva and vagina
• Menopause
• Urinary tract infections

26. PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH SERVICES
• Regular prenatal care is an important part of every
pregnancy. Pregnancy and childbirth services
include:
• Planning and preparing for pregnancy, including
information about proper diet, prenatal vitamins,
and review of pre-existing medical conditions and
medicines used.
• Prenatal care, delivery, and postpartum care.
• High-risk pregnancy care (maternal-fetal medicine).
• Breastfeeding and nursing.

27. INFERTILITY SERVICES
• Infertility specialists are an important part of
the women's health services team. Infertility
services may include:
• Testing to determine the cause
of infertility (a cause may not always be
found)
• Blood and imaging tests to monitor ovulation
• Infertility treatments
• Counseling for couples who are dealing with
infertility or loss of a baby

28. Types of infertility treatments that may be
offered include:
• Medicines to stimulate ovulation
• Intrauterine insemination
• In vitro fertilization (IVF)
• Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) --
Injection of a single sperm directly into an egg
• Embryo cryopreservation: Freezing embryos
for use at a later date.
• Egg donation
• Sperm banking

29. BLADDER CARE SERVICES
• The women's health services team can also help
diagnose and treat bladder-related conditions.
Bladder-related conditions that may affect women
can include:
• Bladder emptying disorders
• Urinary incontinence and overactive bladder
• Interstitial cystitis
• Prolapse of the bladder
• If you have a bladder condition, your women's health
specialist may recommend that you do Kegel
exercises to strengthen the muscles in your pelvic
floor.

30. OTHER WOMEN'S HEALTH SERVICES
• Cosmetic surgery and skin care, including
skin cancer.
• Diet and nutrition services.
• Psychological care and counseling for women
dealing with abuse or sexual assault.
• Sleep disorders services.
• Smoking cessation.

31. TREATMENTS AND PROCEDURES
• Members of the women's health services team
perform a variety of different treatments and
procedures.
Among the most common are:
• Cesarean section (C-section)
• Endometrial ablation
• Endometrial biopsy
• D&C
• Hysterectomy
• Hysteroscopy

32. • Mastectomy and breast reconstruction
• Pelvic laparoscopy
• Procedures to treat precancerous changes of
the cervix.
• Procedures to treat urinary incontinence
• Tubal ligation and reversal of tubal
sterilization.
• Uterine artery embolization.

33. WHO TAKES CARE OF YOU
• The women's health services team includes
doctors and health care providers from
different specialties.
The team may include:
• Obstetrician/gynecologist (ob/gyn) -- A
doctor who has received extra training in the
treatment of pregnancy, reproductive organ
problems, and other women's health issues.
• General surgeons specializing in breast care.

34. • Perinatologist -- An ob/gyn who has received
further training and specializes in the care of
high-risk pregnancies.
• Radiologist -- Doctors who received extra
training and interpretation of different
imaging as well as performing different
procedures using imaging technology to treat
disorders such as uterine fibroids.
• Physician assistant (PA).
• Primary care doctor.
• Nurse practitioner (NP).
• Nurse midwives.

35. POVERTY AND POOR HEALTH
• What links poverty and poor health?
• Poverty and poor health worldwide are unresolvable
linked.
• The causes of poor health for millions globally are
rooted in political, social and economic injustices.
• Poverty is both a cause and a consequence of poor
health.
• It increases the chances of poor health.
• Poor health, in turn, traps communities in poverty.
• Infectious and neglected tropical diseases kill and
weaken millions of the poorest and most vulnerable
people each year.

36. What other links are there between poverty
and poor health?
• The economic and political structures which
sustain poverty and discrimination need to be
transformed in order for poverty and poor health
to be tackled.
• Marginalised groups and vulnerable individuals
are often worst affected, deprived of the
information, money or access to health services
that would help them prevent and treat disease.

37. • Very poor and vulnerable people may have to
make harsh choices – knowingly putting their
health at risk because they cannot see their
children go hungry, for example.
• The cultural and social barriers faced by
marginalised groups – including native
communities – can mean they use health services
less, with serious consequences for their health.
• This carry on unequal levels of poverty.

38. • The cost of doctors’ fees, a course of drugs and
transport to reach a health centre can be
crushed, both for an individual and their relatives
who need to care for them or help them reach
and pay for treatment.
• In the worst cases, the burden of illness may
mean that families sell their property, take
children out of school to earn a living or even
start begging.
• The burden of caring is often taken on by a
female relative, who may have to give up her
education as a result, or take on waged work to
help meet the household’s costs.

39. • Missing out on education has long-term
implications for a woman’s opportunities later in
life and for her own health.
• Overcrowded and poor living conditions can
contribute to the spread of airborne diseases
such as tuberculosis and respiratory infections
such as pneumonia.
• Reliance on open fires or traditional stoves can
lead to deadly indoor air pollution. A lack of food,
clean water and sanitation can also be fatal.

40. Which are the most deadly non-communicable
illnesses worldwide?
• The biggest non-communicable killers are
maternal and newborn deaths and deaths
related to poor nutrition, cardiovascular
disease and non-communicable respiratory
diseases.