accounting word must know

1. Accounting The process of analyzing, classifying and recording transactions
and operations in terms of time, quantity and monetary values.
Accounting Period The Period for which final accounts are customarily prepared
Accounting system The day-to-day method by which transactions are recorded and
ultimately appear in the financial statements
Account Payable Amount owed to a CREDITOR for delivered goods or completed
services.
Account Receivable Claim against a DEBTOR for an uncollected amount, generally from
a completed transaction of sales or services rendered
Accrual The accounting treatment of a transaction whose actual value cab
only be ascertained after the close of accounting period, where all
or part of the transaction relates to that accounting period, such a
transaction is brought into books if accounts by accruing
Amortization The writing off against profits of the loss in value of certain fixed
or intangible assets where such loss is occasioned by the passage
of time eg Leasehold property ( See depreciation)
Analyze The process of classifying and aggregating similar types of
transactions under common headings
Asset Goods, resources and property of all kinds belonging to a company
or to an individual which are used in the business.
Audit An examination, by an independent, qualified person, of the
accounts and supporting records prepared by a company’s
management and the accounting principles and polices underlying
them
Auditor A duly qualified person who conducts the audit. If an external
Auditor is used (Itmean the auditor is registered in ABBE).
Balance ( Noun) The net difference between the debit and credit sides on an
account
Balance (verb) To the total debits and credits in a ledger account and to enter, as
balance, the difference between the two
Balancing the books The periodical closing up and adjusting of all accounts in the
ledger, in order to determine the profit or loss made during the
period under consideration.
Bank Reconciliation A statement explaining the difference between the balance of an
account reported by a bank by way of a bank statement and the
general ledger balance ( See reconciliation statement)

2. Book of Accounts A set of books, which record the business transactions of a firm,
company, entity etc (See bookkeeping).
Capital The money Supplied by the proprietors of a business in order to
acquired the resources (assets) with which to operate the business
Cash Book A book in which an account( record ) is kept of ll receipts and
payments of money, by cash or cheque
Cast ( Verb) To add up a column of figures
Credit (noun) An entry on the right hand side of a ledger account
Credit Note Document sent to a person, firm, etc stating that his account is
credited( reduced) with the amount stated( eg when goods are
returned by that person, firm etc or allowance is made to that
person, firm etc)
Creditor One to whom money is owned for goods , service etc
Current Asset The group of assets in cash or near cash state (eg cash. Debtors,
stock).
Debit(Noun) An entry on theleft hand side of a ledger account
Debit (verb) To debit an account to make an entry on the left hand side.
Debit Note Document sent to a person , company etc stating that his account
is debited (increased ) with the amount started (eg as a result of
price change or invoice with an oversight error)
Debtor One who owes money for goods, services supplied
Depreciation The measure of the estimated loss in money value of a fixed asset
owing to use, obsolescence or passage of time.
Discount Allowance deducted from an invoice price, account etc
Fixed Asset An asset which is in permanent use within a business 9eg Land,
Building, furniture, plant, machinery, etc) as defined in an
applicable accounting standard
Intangible asset Asset, which is neither fixed nor current yet, possesses a value (eg
Goodwill, investment).
Inventory The stock—in-trade and work in progress, etc of a business as
defined in an applicable accounting standard.

3. Invoice A documentary showing the character, quantity, price, terms,
nature of delivery and other particulars of goods sold or services
rendered
Journal A collection of accounts
Ledger The principal book of accounts In which the entries from all the
other books are summarized divided into cash book, bought
Ledger, sales Ledger and Nominal Ledger
Ledger account A record in the ledger showing one of the two aspects of each
transaction or groups of transactions( see also Account)
Liabilities A term denoting the combined debt owed by an entity as defined
by a applicable accounting standard
Liquidity The excess cash or near cash assets over current liabilities
Personal Account An account showing transactions with a particular person, firm or
company as distinct from a nominal account.
Petty Cash Book A book subsidiary to the cashbook, in which are recorded all small
cash payments
Posting The transfer of entries from the books of prime entry to their
separate accounts in the ledgers
Prepayment A payment made in the current accounting period of which part or
all relates to a future period
Profit & Loss Account A Summary account of all revenue and expense accounts showing
as its balance, the profit(or loss) for the period under
consideration
Reconciliation A statement showing the process whereby the balance of two
accounts, independently written up in respect of the same
transactions, which show an apparent discrepancy, re brought into
agreement, The most common reconciliation statement is that
used to bring into agreement with the general ledger bank
account balance and bank statement balance (see bank
reconciliation)
Revenue Income received from any source
Sales Day Book A book of prime entry used to list, analyze and summarize all the
invoices for credit sales transactions
Sales Ledger A detailed list of items, on a properly headed working paper,
totaled to agree with the figure that is being analyzed or
supported and cross- referenced.

4. Schedule A detailed list of items, on a properly headed working paper,
totaled to agree with the figure that is being analyzed or
supported and cross-referenced.