1. A presentation by theA presentation by the
ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMSADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS
COMMISSIONCOMMISSION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIAGOVERNMENT OF INDIA

2. The presentationThe presentation
 Evolution of the Indian administrative systemEvolution of the Indian administrative system
 Constitutional framework.Constitutional framework.
 Union Government administrationUnion Government administration
 State Government administration.State Government administration.
 District administrationDistrict administration
 Local administrationLocal administration
 Urban bodiesUrban bodies
 Rural bodies-Panchayat rajRural bodies-Panchayat raj
 Five decades of administrative reforms in IndiaFive decades of administrative reforms in India
 The second administrative reforms commmission.The second administrative reforms commmission.

3. Evolution of the Indian administrativeEvolution of the Indian administrative
systemsystem
 The public administrative system in India has a long history. KingdomsThe public administrative system in India has a long history. Kingdoms
existed in India several hundred years B.C.existed in India several hundred years B.C.
 In the earlier era the civil servants performed the role of servants of theIn the earlier era the civil servants performed the role of servants of the
king. (Kautilya’s Arthshastra describes the civil service of those days andking. (Kautilya’s Arthshastra describes the civil service of those days and
lays down various norms 300 B.C. to 1000 A.D)lays down various norms 300 B.C. to 1000 A.D)
 During the medieval period they became State servants. The landDuring the medieval period they became State servants. The land
revenue system was established during the Moghul period.revenue system was established during the Moghul period.
 The East Indian Company has a civil service to carry out their commercialThe East Indian Company has a civil service to carry out their commercial
functions.functions.
 During the British rule they started as servants to the Crown, but graduallyDuring the British rule they started as servants to the Crown, but gradually
they started becoming ‘Public Servants’. The British government set upthey started becoming ‘Public Servants’. The British government set up
the Indian civil service, primarily with the objective of strengthening thethe Indian civil service, primarily with the objective of strengthening the
British administration in the UK.British administration in the UK.
 In this period the role of the civil services was to further the BritishIn this period the role of the civil services was to further the British
interest, and the role was totally regulatory. Later on they assumedinterest, and the role was totally regulatory. Later on they assumed
development roles also.development roles also.
 After the coming into force of the Constitution, the public services as weAfter the coming into force of the Constitution, the public services as we
see today came into being.see today came into being.

4. The existing administrativeThe existing administrative
system in Indiasystem in India
 The civil service system is the backbone of the administrativeThe civil service system is the backbone of the administrative
machinery of the country.machinery of the country.
 The civil service system in post-independent India wasThe civil service system in post-independent India was
reorganised.reorganised.
 At the central level, the civil services include the All-IndiaAt the central level, the civil services include the All-India
services, namely the Indian Administrative Service, the Indianservices, namely the Indian Administrative Service, the Indian
Forest Service, and the Indian Police Service.Forest Service, and the Indian Police Service.
 There are various central services like the Indian Income TaxThere are various central services like the Indian Income Tax
Service, Indian Railway Services etc.Service, Indian Railway Services etc.
 There are three tiers of administration-Union Government,There are three tiers of administration-Union Government,
State Governments and the Local governments.State Governments and the Local governments.
 The State Governments have their own set of services.The State Governments have their own set of services.

5. The Constitutional ProvisionsThe Constitutional Provisions

6. The hallmarks of civil servicesThe hallmarks of civil services
in Indiain India
 Constitutional protection.Constitutional protection.
 Political neutrality.Political neutrality.
 Permanency.Permanency.
 AnnonymityAnnonymity
 Recruitment based on merit. Done by aRecruitment based on merit. Done by a
Constitutional Authorities-the Public ServiceConstitutional Authorities-the Public Service
Commissions.Commissions.

7. The administrative structure of the Government of IndiaThe administrative structure of the Government of India
(The roles of the various Ministries are defined as per the Rules of Business)(The roles of the various Ministries are defined as per the Rules of Business)
President
Vice President
Prime Minister
Council of Ministers
Minister Minister Minister
Secretary
Additional Secretary
Joint Secretary

8. The administrative structure of theThe administrative structure of the
State Governments.State Governments.
Governor
Chief Minister
Council of Ministers
Minister Minister Minister
Secretary
Additional Secretary
Joint Secretary

9. District AdministrationDistrict Administration
(District is a unit of administration, on an average a district has a population of(District is a unit of administration, on an average a district has a population of
about 2 million)about 2 million)
District Collector
Regulatory Administration Development administration
Law and order
Land administration
Tax collection
Coordination

10. Local self governments (Urban)Local self governments (Urban)
 Big cities have –City Corporations.Big cities have –City Corporations.
 Cities have –City Municipal Committees.Cities have –City Municipal Committees.
 Towns have- Town Municipal Committees.Towns have- Town Municipal Committees.
 All these are elected bodies. Administration isAll these are elected bodies. Administration is
carried out by an appointed Chief Executive whocarried out by an appointed Chief Executive who
is answerable to the elected bodies.is answerable to the elected bodies.
 Their main role is to provide civic amenities toTheir main role is to provide civic amenities to
the citizens.the citizens.
Their main source of revenue is local tax, andTheir main source of revenue is local tax, and
funds received from the State Government.funds received from the State Government.

11. Local self governments (Rural)Local self governments (Rural)
The PanchayatsThe Panchayats
Zila Parishads
Block Panchayats
Village Panchayats
Gram Sabhas
At District level
At Block Level
For a group of
villages
All adult members of
a village
Their main role is to function as a local self government
They provide civic amenities
They carry out Developmental works.

12. Major developments impactingMajor developments impacting
administrationadministration
 Globalisation.Globalisation.
 Increasing disparities.Increasing disparities.
 Transformation of the world into a global village.Transformation of the world into a global village.
 Deregulation and privatization trends.Deregulation and privatization trends.
 Increasing awareness about human rights.Increasing awareness about human rights.
 State formerly interventionist, producer, regulator andState formerly interventionist, producer, regulator and
seller now called upon to be a facilitator, promoter,seller now called upon to be a facilitator, promoter,
and partner.and partner.
 Emergence of powerful technological solutions-Emergence of powerful technological solutions-
computers and IT.computers and IT.
 Increasing expectations from the Governments toIncreasing expectations from the Governments to
‘perform’.‘perform’.

13. Administrative Reforms in IndiaAdministrative Reforms in India
 Administrative reforms have been necessitatedAdministrative reforms have been necessitated
because of:because of:
 Change in the role of the Government.Change in the role of the Government.
 Changing environment.Changing environment.
 Rising aspirations of the people.Rising aspirations of the people.
 Improving efficiency and effectiveness.Improving efficiency and effectiveness.
The administrative machinery of any country cannot be bereft of its social,
cultural, political and economic conditions. Since independence, India has
witnessed major developments in the social and the economic fields. The
Government today is no longer playing the traditional role of a regulator. Its
role evolved to that of a promoter and then to that of a facilitator and service
provider.

14. Administrative Reforms in India afterAdministrative Reforms in India after
independenceindependence
 Several Commissions and Committees haveSeveral Commissions and Committees have
gone into the subject, and suggested variousgone into the subject, and suggested various
measures. Major reforms have been broughtmeasures. Major reforms have been brought
about based on the recommendations of these.about based on the recommendations of these.
Some of the important studies/reports are asSome of the important studies/reports are as
follows:follows:
 Report on Reorganisation of the Machinery ofReport on Reorganisation of the Machinery of
Government (1949) by Mr. GoplaswamiGovernment (1949) by Mr. Goplaswami
Ayyangar.Ayyangar.
 It recommended that the Central Ministries be bunched intoIt recommended that the Central Ministries be bunched into
Bureaus.Bureaus.

15. Administrative Reforms in India afterAdministrative Reforms in India after
independence ……(contd)independence ……(contd)
 The Gorwala Committee appointed by theThe Gorwala Committee appointed by the
Planning Commission.Planning Commission.
 It gave a general report on Public AdministartionIt gave a general report on Public Administartion
 Paul H. Appleby submitted two reports onPaul H. Appleby submitted two reports on
Indian AdministrationIndian Administration
 The O & M organisation and the Indian Institute of PublicThe O & M organisation and the Indian Institute of Public
Administration were set up as a result of theAdministration were set up as a result of the
recdommendations.recdommendations.
 The The Committee on Prevention ofThe The Committee on Prevention of
Corruption was ser up under chairmanship ofCorruption was ser up under chairmanship of
Mr. K .Santhanam (MP).Mr. K .Santhanam (MP).
 The Central Vigilance Commission was set up.The Central Vigilance Commission was set up.

16. Administrative Reforms in India afterAdministrative Reforms in India after
independence ……(contd)independence ……(contd)
The First Administrative ReformsThe First Administrative Reforms
Commission (ARC) was set up in 1966.Commission (ARC) was set up in 1966.
The ARC set up 20 study teams, 13The ARC set up 20 study teams, 13
working groups and 1 Task Force.working groups and 1 Task Force.
It gave 20 Reports making a total of 581It gave 20 Reports making a total of 581
recommendations in a period spread overrecommendations in a period spread over
1966-701966-70

17. The First Administrative ReformsThe First Administrative Reforms
CommissionCommission
 It gave Reports on the following subjects:It gave Reports on the following subjects:
 Machinery of Government of India and its procedures.Machinery of Government of India and its procedures.
 Personnel Administration.Personnel Administration.
 Redress of Citizen’s Grievances.Redress of Citizen’s Grievances.
 Centre-State Relations.Centre-State Relations.
 State Administration.State Administration.
 Administration of Union Territories.Administration of Union Territories.
 Machinery for Planning.Machinery for Planning.
 Economic Administration.Economic Administration.
 Finance, Accounts and Audit.Finance, Accounts and Audit.
 Delegation of Financial and Administrative Powers.Delegation of Financial and Administrative Powers.
 Railways.Railways.
 Post and Telegraph.Post and Telegraph.
 Etc.Etc.

18. Studies/Reports after the FirstStudies/Reports after the First
Administrative Reforms CommissionAdministrative Reforms Commission
 Committee on Rcruitment Policy and Selection MethodsCommittee on Rcruitment Policy and Selection Methods
(D.S.Kothari)-1976(D.S.Kothari)-1976
 The Commission on Centre-State Relations (Sarkaria)-The Commission on Centre-State Relations (Sarkaria)-
1983.1983.
 The Fourth Central Pay Commission Report-1986The Fourth Central Pay Commission Report-1986
 The Committee to Review the Scheme of the CivilThe Committee to Review the Scheme of the Civil
Services Examination (Satish Chandra, 1989)Services Examination (Satish Chandra, 1989)
 The Economic Administration Reforms Commission.The Economic Administration Reforms Commission.
 The Fifth Pay Commission (1993)The Fifth Pay Commission (1993)
 Surendra Nath’s Committee Report (2003)Surendra Nath’s Committee Report (2003)
 Committee on Civil Services Reforms.Committee on Civil Services Reforms.

19. The Second Administrative ReformsThe Second Administrative Reforms
CommissionCommission
 Constituted on 31Constituted on 31stst
August 2005August 2005
 Objective: To prepare a detailed blueprint for revamping the public administrationObjective: To prepare a detailed blueprint for revamping the public administration
systemsystem
 Terms of Reference: The Commission will inter-alia consider the followingTerms of Reference: The Commission will inter-alia consider the following
 1. Organisational structure of the Govt. of India.1. Organisational structure of the Govt. of India.
 2. Ethics in Governance.2. Ethics in Governance.
 3. Refurbishing of Personnel Administration.3. Refurbishing of Personnel Administration.
 4. Strengthening of Financial Management Systems.4. Strengthening of Financial Management Systems.
 5. Steps to ensure effective administration at the State level.5. Steps to ensure effective administration at the State level.
 6. Steps to ensure effective District Administration.6. Steps to ensure effective District Administration.
 7. Local Self-Government/Panchayati Raj Institutions.7. Local Self-Government/Panchayati Raj Institutions.
 8. Social Capital, Trust and participative service delivery.8. Social Capital, Trust and participative service delivery.
 9. Citizen Centric Administration.9. Citizen Centric Administration.
 10. Promoting e-governance.10. Promoting e-governance.
 11. Issues of Federal Polity.11. Issues of Federal Polity.
 12. Crisis Management.12. Crisis Management.
 13. Public Order.13. Public Order.

20. The approach of the SecondThe approach of the Second
Administrative Reforms CommissionAdministrative Reforms Commission
 A set of subjects is selected by the Commission forA set of subjects is selected by the Commission for
study.study.
 Eminent National Institutions are requested to carry outEminent National Institutions are requested to carry out
studies of the subject and help the Commission.studies of the subject and help the Commission.
 The Commission carries out Public Hearings.The Commission carries out Public Hearings.
 The Commission carries out deliberations with allThe Commission carries out deliberations with all
stakeholders.stakeholders.
 Detailed consultations with the State Government.Detailed consultations with the State Government.
 He Commission carries out field visits in order to assessHe Commission carries out field visits in order to assess
the ground realities.the ground realities.

21. The first phaseThe first phase
 Four areas have been taken up for study in theFour areas have been taken up for study in the
first phase.first phase.
 The final recommendations in all these fourThe final recommendations in all these four
areas would be submitted by March 06.areas would be submitted by March 06.
 The four areas areThe four areas are
1.1. Effective implementation of Right to Information Act.Effective implementation of Right to Information Act.
2.2. Crisis managementCrisis management
3.3. Public Order.Public Order.
4.4. Implementation of the National Rural EmploymentImplementation of the National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme.Guarantee Scheme.

22. THANK YOUTHANK YOU