Basic parts of skeletal system

2. WHAT IS SKELETAL SYSTEM?
• The skeletal system supports and protect the body
while giving shape and form
• Bone tissue makes up about 18% of the total human
body weight.
• Osteology : It is the branch of science that deals with
the study of the skeletal system, their structure and
function.
• Skeletal Syatem composed of Bones, Cartilage,
Joints,Ligaments

4. 5 FUNCTION OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

5. 5 FUNCTION OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

6. 5 FUNCTION OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
3. Protection

7. 5 FUNCTION OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

8. 5 FUNCTION OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
Bones store
minerals,such as
calcium and
phosphorus ,for by
the body

9. CLASSIFICATION OF BONE BASED ON SHAPE

10. CLASSIFICATION OF BONE BASED ON SHAPE
• Bone can be
classified into five
types based on
shape :
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

11. CLASSIFICATION OF BONE BASED ON SHAPE
• LongBones
Greaterlengththanwidthandareslightlycurvedforstrength
Fetur,tibia,fibula, humerus,ulna,radius,phalanes
• ShortBones
Cube-shapedandarenearlyequalinlengthandwidth.
Carpal,tarsal

12. CLASSIFICATION OF BONE BASED ON SHAPE
• FlatBones
Thinandcomposedoftwonearlyparallelplatescompactbone
tissueenclosingalayerofspongy bonetissue
Cranial,sternum,ribsscapulae
• IrregularBones
Complexshapesandconnot begroupedintoanyofthe
previouscategory
Vertebrae, ribbones,somefacialbones,calcaneus

13. CLASSIFICATION OF BONE BASED ON SHAPE
• SesamoidBones
protecttendonsfromexcessiveweartandtear
Patellae,foot,hand

14. DIVISION OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

15. DIVISION OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
• The human skeleton consist of 206 named bones.
• Bones of the skeleton are group into two
principal divisions :
 Appendicular skeleton
 Axial Skeleton

16. DIVISION OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
 Appendeicular skeleton
 Axial Skeleton

17. AXIAL SKELETON
• Skull bones
• Auditory ossicles
(ear bones)
• Hyoid bone
• Rib
• Bones of the vertebral
column

18. AXIAL SKELETON: SKULL
Theskullissituatedontheupperendofvertebralcolumnanditsbonystructure
isdividedintotwoparts.
1. The cranium
2.The face

19. AXIAL SKELETON : SKULL
1. The cranium Bones
• Cranium = Body skull
 Evelops brain
• Composed of eight Bones
 Immovable bones
• Boarders Meet to Form
Immovable joints
 Immovable joints= sutures

20. AXIAL SKELETON: SKULL
2. The facial Bones
• Two bones provide distinctive
shape to face
 Maxillae(upper jaw bones )
 Mandible( lower jaw)
• All facial bones connected by
immovable joints (satures)
 One exception (mandible)

21. AXIAL SKELETON
• Form long axis of the body
 Reffed to as spinal column or
backbone
 24 vertebrae + sacrum +
cocccyx
 Offer protection to spinal
cord

22. AXIAL SKELETON: VERTEBRAL BONES
• Cervical Vertebrae
 Vertebrae of the neck
• Thoracic Vertebrae
 Vertebrae of the chest
• Lumber Vertebrae
 Vertebrae of lower back

23. AXIAL SKELETON: VERTEBRAL BONES
• Sacrum
 Singular, trianglular shaped
bone
 Resulted from fusion of five
sacral bones of the child
• Coccyx
 Also called “tailbone”
 Resulted from fusion of four
individual coccgeal bones in
the child

24. AXIAL SKELETON : THRORACIC BONES
• True Ribs ( Ribs 1-7)
 Attach to sternum in
front and vertebrae in
the back.
• False Rib ( Ribs 8-10)
 Attach to vertebrae in back
but attach to cartilage of
7th rib in front.( not in the
sternum)
• Floating Ribs
 Attach to vertebrae in
back.
 Completely free of

25. AXIAL SKELETON : THORACIC BONES
• TrueRibs(Ribs1-7)
• FalseRibs (Ribs8-
10)
• FloatingRibs(Ribs
11_12)

26. AXIAL SKELETON : STERNUM
PartiallyT-shapedvertical bonethatforms
theanteriorportionofthechest wall
centrall’y.hesternumisdividedanatomically
intothreesegments: manubrium, body,and
xiphoidprocess.Thesternumconnectsthe
ribsviathecostalcartilages formingthe
anteriorribcage

27. APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• Bones in the upper
limbs.
• Bones in the lower
limbs.
• Bones forming the
girdles that connect the
limbs to tha axial
skeleton.

28. APPENDICULAR SKELETON: UPPER LIMBS
• Bones of shoulder girdle:
 Include : Clavic & scapula
• Bone of Arm :
 Humerus
• Bones of forearm:
 Radius( lateral )& ulna
(medial)
• Bones of the hands :
 Carpal bones (8)
• Metacarpal bones (5)
 Phalanges (14)

29. APPENDICULAR SKELETON: LOWER LIMBS
• Femur
 Thigh bone
• Patella
 Knee bone or kneecap
• Tibia
 Larger and stronger of the
two lower leg bones
• Fibula
 More slender of the two
lower leg bones

30. APPENDICULAR SKELETON: LOWER LIMBS
Bones of the angkle and the
foot
• Ankle bones ( Tarsals )
 Calcaneus
 Talus Bone
• Foot Bones
 Metatarsals
 Phalanges

31. APPENDICULAR SKELETON: PELVIC BONES
• Compose of three pair of fused bones
 Ilium
 Ischuim
 Pubic bone
• Protects several organs
Reproductive organs
Urinary Bladder
Part of the large intestine
• The total weight of thr upper body
rests on the pelvis

32. FRACTURE OF BONES

33. FRACTURE OF BONES
What are Fractures?
• A fracture is a medical term for a broken bone.
• Fractures are common ; the average person has two during a
lifetime. They occur when the physical force exerted on the bone is
strongeer than the bone itself.
• Your risk fracture depends , in part , on your age.Broken bones are very
common in childhood, although children’s fractures are generally less
complicated than fractures in adults . As you age , your bones becomes
more brittle and your are more likel;y to suffer fractures from falls that
would not occur when you were young

34. FRACTURE OF BONES
• Break in the
bone ,as well
as an open
wound in skin
• Compound
fracture
• Break in the
bone but no
open wound
in skin
• Simple
fracture
Closed Fracture Open Fracture

35. FRACTURE OF BONES
• Break extends
through the
entire
thickness of
bone
• Break in the
bone but no
open wound
in skin
• Greenstick
fracture
Complete Fracture Incomplete Fracture

36. FRACTURE OF BONES
• Caused by
bones surfaces
being forced
against each
other
• Direct force applied
to both ends of the
bones causes bone
to break
• Forces broken end
of smaller bone into
broken end of larger
bone
Compression Fracture Impacted Fracture

37. FRACTURE OF BONES
• Break occurs at lower
end of the radius
• Within one inch of
connecting with wrist
bones
Colle’s Fracture

38. FRACTURE OF BONES
• Minor fracture in
which the bone
continues to be in
perfect alignment
Stress Fracture