An Introduction to Geographical agriculture bY Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Expert

2. Geography Agriculture
A
New Concept
By
Allah Dad Khan
Former DG A(E)
KPK Province
Allahdad52@gmail.com

3. PRESENTATION BREAK UP
1. What is Geography
2. Introduction to Geography of Pakistan
3. Location of Pakistan
4. Natural diversity
5. Some Important terms of Geography and land
6. Climatic conditions
7. Water Source the Indus River and irrigation
8. What is agriculture
9. Agriculture and land use
10. Geographical Agriculture
11. KPK at a glance

5. 1.WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY
Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία, geographia,
lit. "earth description" is a field of science
dedicated to the study of the lands, the features,
the inhabitants, and the phenomena of the Earth
.
A literal translation would be "to describe or
write about the Earth". The first person to use
the word "geography" was Eratosthenes (276–194
BC).

6. 2. GEOGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN

7. INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY OF
PAKISTAN

9. GEOGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN
 The geography of Pakistan (Urdu: ‫کستان‬ِ ‫پا‬ ‫جغرافی‬‫ۂ‬ ) is a profound
blend of landscapes varying from plains to deserts, forests, hills,
and plateaus ranging from the coastal areas of the Arabian Sea in
the south to the mountains of the Karakoram range in the north.
Pakistan geologically overlaps both with the Indian and the
Eurasian tectonic plates where its Sindh and Punjab provinces lie
on the north-western corner of the Indian plate while Balochistan
and most of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa lie within the Eurasian
plate which mainly comprises the Iranian plateau, some parts of
the Middle East and Central Asia. The Northern Areas and
Azad Kashmir lie mainly in Central Asia along the edge of the
Indian plate and hence are prone to violent earthquakes where
the two tectonic plates collide.


10. GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS
 Pakistan is divided into three major geographic areas: the
northern highlands; the Indus River plain, with two major
subdivisions corresponding roughly to the provinces of Punjab
and Sindh; and the Balochistan Plateau. Some geographers
designate additional major regions. For example, the mountain
ranges along the western border with Afghanistan are sometimes
described separately from the Balochistan Plateau, and on the
eastern border with India, south of the Sutlej River, the
Thar Desert may be considered separately from the Indus Plain.
Nevertheless, the country may conveniently be visualized in
general terms as divided in three by an imaginary line drawn
eastward from the Khyber Pass and another drawn southwest
from Islamabad down the middle of the country. Roughly, then,
the northern highlands are north of the imaginary east-west line;
the Balochistan Plateau is to the west of the imaginary southwest
line; and the Indus Plain lies to the east of that line.

11. THE NORTHERN HIGHLANDS
The northern highlands include parts of the Hindu
Kush, the Karakoram Range, and the Himalayas. This
area includes such famous peaks as K2[3]
(Mount Godwin
Austen, at 8,611 meters the second highest peak in the
world). More than one-half of the summits are over
4,500 meters, and more than fifty peaks reach above
6,500 meters. Travel through the area is difficult and
dangerous, although the government is attempting to
develop certain areas into tourist and trekking sites.
Because of their rugged topography and the rigours of
the climate, the northern highlands and the Himalayas
to the east have been formidable barriers to movement
into Pakistan throughout history.

12. INDUS PLAN
 The name Indus comes from the Sanskrit word sindhu,
meaning ocean, from which also come the words Sindh,
Hindu, and India. The Indus, one of the great rivers of
the world, rises in southwestern Tibet only about 160
kilometres west of the source of the Sutlej River, which
joins the Indus in Punjab, and the Brahmaputra, which
runs eastward before turning southwest and flowing
through Bangladesh. The catchment area of the Indus is
estimated at almost 1 million square kilometres, and all
of Pakistan's major rivers—the Kabul, Jhelum, Chenab,
Ravi, and Sutlej—flow into it. The Indus River basin is a
large, fertile alluvial plain formed by silt from the Indus.
This area has been inhabited by agricultural civilizations
for at least 5,000 years.


13. BALUCHISTAN PLATUE
 Balochistan is located at the eastern edge of the
Iranian plateau and in the border region between
Southwest, Central, and South Asia. It is
geographically the largest of the four provinces at
347,190 km² or (134,051 square miles) of
Pakistani territory; and composes 48% of the
total land area of Pakistan. The population
density is very low due to the mountainous
terrain and scarcity of water. The southern
region is known as Makran. The central region is
known as Kalat.


14. 3. LOCATION OF PAKISTAN

16. 4. NATURAL DIVERSITY

18. 5. SOME IMPORTANT TERMS OF
GEOGRAPHY AND LAND
 Geographic information systems (GIS) deal with the
storage of information about the Earth for automatic
retrieval by a computer, in an accurate manner
appropriate to the information's purpose. In addition
to all of the other subdisciplines of geography, GIS
specialists must understand computer science and
database systems. GIS has revolutionized the field of
cartography: nearly all mapmaking is now done with
the assistance of some form of GIS software. GIS
also refers to the science of using GIS software and
GIS techniques to represent, analyze, and predict
the spatial relationships. In this context, GIS stands
for Geographic Information Science.


19. REMOTE SENSING
Remote sensing is the science of obtaining information about
Earth features from measurements made at a distance. Remotely
sensed data comes in many forms, such assatellite imagery,
aerial photography, and data obtained from hand-held sensors.
Geographers increasingly use remotely sensed data to obtain
information about the Earth's land surface, ocean, and
atmosphere, because it: a) supplies objective information at a
variety of spatial scales (local to global), b) provides a synoptic
view of the area of interest, c) allows access to distant and
inaccessible sites, d) provides spectral information outside the
visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, and e) facilitates
studies of how features/areas change over time. Remotely sensed
data may be analyzed either independently of, or in conjunction
with other digital data layers (e.g., in a Geographic Information
System).


20. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Physical geography (or physiography) focuses on
geography as an Earth science. It aims to
understand the physical problems and the issues
of lithosphere, hydrosphere
,atmosphere, pedosphere, and
global flora and fauna patterns (biosphere).

21. 6. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

22. FOUR SEASON OF PAKISTAN
 Pakistan has four seasons: a cool, dry winter
marked by mild temperatures from December
through February; a hot, dry spring from March
through May; the summer rainy season, or
southwest monsoon period, from June through
September; and the retreating monsoon period of
October and November. The onset and duration
of these seasons vary somewhat according to
location.


23. 7.WATER SOURCE THE INDUS RIVER
AND IRRIGATION

24. RIVER INDUS BIGGEST SOURCE OF
WATER
Pakistan Largest River is known as River Indus which Flows from
Tibet China and Enters through Pakistan by KPK. River Indus
Systen is Known as Indus System. It is divided Into Two Plains.
Upper Indus Plain Which Starts From Northern Pakistan and
ends Up to Mithankot. River Indus has Tributaries on both
western and eastern side. River Indus eastern tributaries are
River Jhelum, Chenab, Sutlej, Ravi and Beas. these Four Rivers
Flow in Punjab. These four Rivers meet at Panjnad from where
they are known as River Panjnad. River Indus western
Tributaries are River Swat, Kabul, Kurrram, Tochi, Gomal, Zhob.
These rivers join River Indus at KPK. At Mithankot these Rivers
Finally Meet with River Indus. After this River Indus Flows
Alone Through Lower Indus Plain. Lower Indus Plain Starts from
Mithankot up to Thatta where River Indus Meets with Arabian
Sea. This place is also known as Indus Delta.


32. 8. WHAT IS AGRICULTURE

38. 9. AGRICULTURE AND LAND USE

40. 10. GEOGRAPHICAL AGRICULTURE

41. GEOGRAPHY AGRICULTURE
 Agricultural geography today focuses specifically on farms
(including ranches) and farming; production of food, fiber,
and fuel; economic, policy, and resource issues related to
agriculture; and farm household and livelihood concerns.
There are connections between agricultural geography and
related disciplines, particularly rural sociology and
agricultural economics.
 Rural geography includes a breadth of topics relevant to
rural areas and small towns, from social issues to natural
resources management and land use. Traditional
agricultural geography focused on spatial patterns and
varying agricultural systems, particularly from a basis in
economic geography and/or land use.


44. GEOGRAPHICAL AGRICULTURE
AND RELATED TERMS
It is traditionally considered the branch of economic
geography that investigates those parts of the Earth's
surface that are transformed by humans through primary
sector activities. It thus focuses on structures of
agricultural landscapes and asks for the processes that
lead to these spatial patterns. While most research in this
area concentrates rather on production than on
consumption,[1]
a distinction can be made
between nomothetic (e.g. distribution of spatial
agricultural patterns and processes)
and idiographic research (e.g. human-environment
interaction and the shaping of agricultural landscapes).
The latter approach of agricultural geography is often
applied within regional geography.


45. 11. KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA AT A
GLANCE