4. What is TB?
TB (short for tuberculosis) is
an infectious disease that
affects the lungs and other
parts of the body, including
the spleen, brain, or kidneys.
9. Global TB Indicators
10 Million
People develop
TB each year
1.6 Million
People die of
TB each year
No. 1
Cause of death due to
infectious disease globally
11. 5th Highest-Burden Country
Carrying 61% of the TB burden in the
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
510,000
New TB cases
emerge each year
15,000
Drug-resistant TB
cases each year
TB in Pakistan
12. Tuberculosis High-Risk Populations in Pakistan
Immigrants from
high-incidence areas
Drug abuse and
smoking
Pre-existing
medical conditions
Immunocompromised
individuals
Substandard
living conditions
Occupational
contact with cases
A B
F
E D
C
13. Factors Contributing to High TB Incidence and Drug
Resistance in Pakistan
Delays in diagnosis
1
Unsupervised Drugs
Usage
2
Poor Follow-Ups
3
Lack of Social
Support Program
4
15. Primary Prevention for TB – BCG Vaccination
One of the most widely used of all current vaccines, reading >80%of
neonates and infants in Pakistan where it is part of the national
childhood immunization program
It does not prevent primary infection
It does not work very well in adults
Only recommended in areas where
TB rates are high
16. National TB Control Program (NTP)
Vision Mission Goal
A TB-free Pakistan
with zero deaths,
disease, and poverty
caused by TB
Effectively end
the TB epidemic
in Pakistan by
2035
Get back on
track to end the
TB epidemic by
2030
17. Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS)
01. 02. 03. 04. 05.
Government
commitment
to sustained
TB control
activities.
Case
detection
by sputum
smear
microscopy
Standardized
treatment
regimen of 6-8
months with DOT
for at least the
initial 2 months
A regular,
uninterrupted
supply of all
essential anti-
TB drugs
A standardized
recording and
reporting system
for assessment
of treatment
results
18. The detection of TB
cases requires that
affected individuals
are aware of their
symptoms, have
access to health
facilities and are
evaluated by health
workers who
recognize the
symptoms of TB.
Case Detection
Contact tracing
will help to identify if
someone in the
community has TB
and is not aware of
it, or those people
who have had
exposure to TB. They
can then be treated
and stop the spread
of infection.
Contact Tracing
19. TB Infection Control Measures
Administrative Measures Environmental Controls
Respiratory
Protective Treatment
Applying epidemiology-
based prevention principles,
including the use of related
TB infection-control data
Primary environmental
controls consist of
controlling the source of
infection using ventilation
Training health care
personnel on respiratory
protection
Coordinating efforts
between local or state
health departments and
high-risk health-care and
congregate settings
Secondary environmental
controls consist of
controlling the airflow to
prevent contamination of
air
Educating patients on
respiratory hygiene and
the importance of cough
etiquette procedures
21. Stop TB Partnership
Collaborates with the government, NGOs, and other
stakeholders to improve TB diagnosis, treatment, and
prevention
WHO – Pakistan
Provides technical expertise, surveillance, and
monitoring, and support the introduction of new TB
drugs and diagnostics
Global Fund to Fight
AIDS, TB, and Malaria
Provides significant financial support to TB programs,
along with strengthening supply chain management
for TB medications
TB Alliance
Partnership with Remington Pharmaceuticals for new
medications for MDR TB
International Organizations
22. Gulab Devi – TB Wards
Aga Khan University – TB Research
and Programs
The Aurat Foundation – TB
Projects
Pakistan Anti-TB Association
Bridge Consultants Foundation Life Foundation
National Organizations
27. Intensified
Research &
Innovation
Global End TB Strategy
Integrated, Patient-
Centered Care and
Prevention
Bold Policies and
Supportive Systems
A comprehensive framework developed by the WHO with the aim
of eliminating tuberculosis (TB) as a public health threat by 2030. It
was launched in 2015 and is built upon three pillars:
