Abg

1. Main Acid & Main Alkali
Main acid: CO2
Main alkali: HCO3
Main Organs controlling AB balance
Lungs: Through control of PaCO2
Kidneys: Through control of HCO3

2. Item Normal Value
pH 7.35-7.45
PaO2 80-100 mmHg
PaCO2 35-45 mmHg
HCO3 20-24 mEq/L

3. A)Oxygenation We can Not comment on
oxygenation in a venous
sample
PaO2 < 70 mmHg = Hypoxemia
PaO2 80-100 mmHg = Normal Oxygenation
PaO2 < 50 mmHg = Hypoxemic respiratory failure
PaO2 > 100 mmHg = Hyperoxygenation
-Oxygen therapy
-Air in the sample

4. PaCO2 35-45 mmHg = Normal Ventilation
PaCO2 < 35 mmHg = Hyperventilation
PaCO2 45-50 mmHg = Mild Hypoventilation
PaCO2 50-60 mmHg = Moderate Hypoventilation
PaCO2 > 60 mmHg = Severe Hypoventilation
A)Ventilation

5. pH < 7.35: Acidosis
pH > 7.45: Alkalosis
A)Acid-Base Balance

6. ↑↑ PaCO2 + ↑↑ HCO3: Respiratory acidosis
↑↑ PaCO2 + Normal HCO3: Respiratory acidosis
↓↓ HCO3 + ↓↓ PaCO2: Metabolic acidosis
Very low pH + Near normal HCO3 & PaCO2:
Mixed metabolic & respiratory acidosis
Very low pH + Normal HCO3 & PaCO2:
Mixed metabolic & respiratory acidosis
A)Acidosis

7. ↓↓ PaCO2 ± ↓↓ HCO3: Respiratory alkalosis
↑↑ HCO3 ± ↑↑ PaCO2: Metabolic alkalosis
A)Alkalosis

8. PaO2 : 50 mmHg
PaCO2 : 60 mmHg
pH : 7.25
Bicarbonate : 24 mEq/L
Comment on the following arterial blood gases

9. Comment on the following arterial blood gases
PaO2 : 90 mmHg
PaCO2 : 25 mmHg
pH : 7.1
Bicarbonate : 7 mEq/L

10. Comment on the following venous blood gases
PaO2 : 60 mmHg
PaCO2 : 28 mmHg
pH : 7.5
Bicarbonate : 20 mEq/L

11. Comment on the following arterial blood gases
PaO2 : 120 mmHg
PaCO2 : 40 mmHg
pH : 7.55
Bicarbonate : 32 mEq/L

12. Comment on the following arterial blood gases
PaO2 : 45 mmHg
PaCO2 : 40 mmHg
pH : 7.1
Bicarbonate : 20 mEq/L

13. PaO2 : 40 mmHg
PaCO2 : 72 mmHg
pH : 7.0
Bicarbonate : 26 mEq/L
Comment on the following arterial blood gases

14. Comment on the following arterial blood gases
PaO2 : 97 mmHg
PaCO2 : 23 mmHg
pH : 7.15
Bicarbonate : 9 mEq/L

15. Comment on the following venous blood gases
PaO2 : 60 mmHg
PaCO2 : 28 mmHg
pH : 7.52
Bicarbonate : 18 mEq/L

16. Comment on the following arterial blood gases
PaO2 : 120 mmHg
PaCO2 : 40 mmHg
pH : 7.58
Bicarbonate : 30 mEq/L

17. Comment on the following arterial blood gases
PaO2 : 48 mmHg
PaCO2 : 43 mmHg
pH : 7.1
Bicarbonate : 19 mEq/L