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SQL Server vs Oracle.pdf
1.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT YNTCO ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. 1 BuyersāGuide to Database Server Effectiveness and Cost of Ownership In recent years, there has been considerable focus on the total cost of ownership of IT. Much of this debate originated in the competition for supremacy between differing architectural models, such as traditional centralized computing models vs. decentralized workstation-based philosophies vs. network computers and thin clients. However, while total cost of ownership is very important, organizations actually require high value for money, i.e. IT architectures, products and solutions that combine a competitive total cost of ownership with a comparably high level of effectiveness. This combination of effectiveness and competitive total cost of ownership is becoming important for database servers since databases are underpinning increasingly mission critical applications with a high business impact such as data warehousing. Consequently, organizations need to: ā¢ Analyze the effectiveness of individual database servers in user- and data-intensive environments ā¢ Assess the overall cost of ownership of database products ā¢ Evaluate measures of total cost of ownership which take into account intensity of database use This study addresses these objectives. It compares the effectiveness and total cost of ownership for Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 and Oracle8 (Workgroup) both in a general purpose environment and in the more demanding data warehousing environment.
2.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT 2 ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. YNTCO The overall conclusions of this study are: Database Usage ā¢ Two-thirds are databases now support highly mission-critical applications ā¢ Oracle8 (Workgroup) achieves a higher intensity of usage per named user than Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 ā¢ The number of users per database is expected to grow rapidly. The number of users accessing a typical Oracle8 (Workgroup) database is expected to grow at over 100% per annum over the next two years Database Effectiveness in Support of Mission Critical Applications ā¢ Oracle8 (Workgroup) is perceived to be more effective than Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 in support of mission critical applications ā¢ Oracle8 (Workgroup) is perceived to be more effective than Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 in support of data warehousing applications ā¢ The level of upgrade activity required to overcome database reliability and performance issues within data warehousing applications is appreciably higher for databases utilizing Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 than those using Oracle8 (Workgroup) Cost of Ownership: General Application Environment ā¢ Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 exhibits a lower product cost of ownership per named user than Oracle8 (Workgroup) in a general application environment ā¢ Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 and Oracle8 (Workgroup) have similar costs of product ownership per concurrent user in a general application environment ā¢ Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 and Oracle8 (Workgroup) have similar total costs of ownership per named user in a general application environment ā¢ Oracle8 (Workgroup) has a lower total cost of ownership than Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 per concurrent user and per database gigabyte in a general application environment
3.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT YNTCO ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. 3 Cost of Ownership: Data Warehousing Applications ā¢ Oracle8 (Workgroup) has a lower total cost of ownership per named user than Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 in support of data warehousing applications ā¢ Oracle8 (Workgroup) has a lower total cost of ownership per concurrent user and per database gigabyte than Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 in support of data warehousing applications A Databases Take On Increasingly Critical Roles Exhibit 1 shows the perceived level of criticality for a sample of databases utilizing Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 and Oracle8 (Workgroup). Exhibit 1 How Mission Critical are Databases? Number of Respondents= 195 3 9 19 35 33 0 5 33 29 33 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1 2 3 4 5 How mission critical Proportion of databases Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Oracle8 (Workgroup) Low High Source: INPUT Approximately two-thirds of databases are regarded as highly mission critical and only 5% of databases utilizing Oracle8 (Workgroup) are perceived to have a low level of criticality.
4.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT 4 ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. YNTCO Exhibit 2 reinforces this perception of criticality by showing the profiles of perceived business impact of database downtime for databases utilizing Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 and Oracle8 (Workgroup) respectively. Exhibit 2 Business Impact of Downtime Proportion of databases (%) Business Impact Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Oracle8 (Workgroup An individual group will be inconvenienced 7 0 An individual group will be forced to stop working 3 0 A department or division will be inconvenienced 30 30 A department or division will be forced to stop working 15 20 The entire company will be inconvenienced 35 40 The entire company will be forced to stop working 10 10 Databases using these products are no longer implemented largely for the convenience of an individual group of users. Should a database fail then there is approximately a 50:50 chance that the entire company will be inconvenienced or even forced to stop working. As a result the cost of downtime to businesses nowadays is considerable. In such circumstances, the performance, reliability and recovery facilities of database products are critical to the organization.
5.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT YNTCO ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. 5 Exhibit 3 shows the profile of usage by application for each database server. Exhibit 3 Application Usage by Database Server Proportion of applications (%) Application Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Users Oracle8 (Workgroup) Users Data warehousing 28 37 Customer relationship management 26 19 Accounting 20 12 OLTP 14 16 Supply chain management 7 7 ERP 6 9 The profiles of application usage are broadly similar across database server. However Oracle8 (Workgroup) tends to be more extensively used for more intensive applications such as data warehousing and OLTP than is Microsoft SQL Server 6.5. Conversely there is greater emphasis on use of Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 for customer relationship management and accounting applications.
6.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT 6 ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. YNTCO Exhibit 4 shows overall usage statistics for databases based on each database server. Exhibit 4 Usage Statistics by Database Server Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Oracle8 (Workgroup) Average number of named users 560 450 Average number of named users in two years 1100 2250 Growth rate (%) 40 120 Average number of concurrent users 155 170 Average size of database (Gigabytes) 45 120 Average expected lifetime of database (years) 6 7 Amongst those organizations surveyed, applications utilizing Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 have a higher average number of named users than applications utilizing Oracle8 (Workgroup). However, the Oracle8 (Workgroup) database servers achieve higher intensity of usage by supporting a higher ratio of concurrent users to named users. In addition, the average size of database supported is almost three times higher for Oracle8 (Workgroup). This suggests that a greater workload, overall and per named user, is typically being placed on those databases utilizing Oracle8 (Workgroup). Furthermore, the number of named users supported by Oracle8 (Workgroup) is expected to grow much more rapidly (over 100% growth per annum) over the next two years than the number of named users supported by Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 installations. Accordingly applications utilizing Oracle8 (Workgroup) can be expected to overtake those utilizing Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 in terms of number of named users and consequently further increase their lead in terms of number of concurrent users supported.
7.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT YNTCO ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. 7 B Oracle8 (Workgroup) is More Suited to Data Warehousing Environments In these circumstances, it is important that database software selected is suitable to support mission critical applications and has the scalability required to facilitate these high levels of planned growth. In particular, database software requires: ā¢ A high level of reliability ā¢ Recovery facilities to minimize downtime in mission critical environments ā¢ Performance in increasingly demanding environments. Exhibit 5 compares satisfaction with Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 and Oracle8 (Workgroup) in terms of a range of these characteristics across the complete application mix shown earlier. Exhibit 5 Satisfaction with Database Characteristics: Overall Number of Respondents= 195 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.9 1 2 3 4 5 Recovery facilities Facilities for performance tuning Scalability Suitability for mission critical applications Satisfaction Oracle8 (Workgroup) Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Source: INPUT
8.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT 8 ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. YNTCO Oracle8 (Workgroup) exhibits a lead in effectiveness over Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 in terms of many of these characteristics within the general purpose computing environment represented by this mix of applications. Exhibit 6 compares satisfaction with Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 and Oracle8 (Workgroup) in terms of the same characteristics within the more demanding data warehousing environment. Exhibit 6 Satisfaction with Database Characteristics: Data Warehousing Applications Number of Respondents= 195 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7 4.2 3.7 3.8 4.1 1 2 3 4 5 Recovery facilities Facilities for performance tuning Scalability Suitability for mission critical applications Satisfaction Oracle8 (Workgroup) Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Source: INPUT In the specific case of supporting data warehousing applications, Oracle8 (Workgroup) extends its lead in effectiveness over Microsoft SQL Server 6.5. This particularly applies to the ability of Oracle8 (Workgroup) to: ā¢ Support mission critical applications ā¢ Provide recovery facilities in this environment. Another way of measuring the ability of database products to cope with the pressures of more-intensive environments is to compare the level of upgrades that they require in a data warehousing environment.
9.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT YNTCO ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. 9 Exhibit 7 shows the proportion of databases that have received database server (software) upgrades by principal reason for the upgrade. Exhibit 7 Software Upgrades by Database Server: Data Warehousing Applications Primary reason for database software upgrade Proportion of Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 databases upgraded Proportion of Oracle8 (Workgroup) databases upgraded Performance 63% 50% Reliability 49% 25% Scalability 33% 33% The level of upgrade activity within data warehousing applications is appreciably higher for databases utilizing Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 than for those utilizing Oracle8 (Workgroup). In particular, databases utilizing Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 have typically received a higher proportion of software upgrades to overcome reliability and performance issues than databases utilizing Oracle8 (Workgroup). Similarly, Exhibit 8 shows the proportion of databases that have received database hardware upgrades by principal reason for the upgrade. Exhibit 8 Hardware Upgrades by Database Server: Data Warehousing Applications Primary reason for hardware upgrade Proportion of Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 databases upgraded Proportion of Oracle8 (Workgroup) databases upgraded Performance 71% 50% Reliability 40% 33% Scalability 41% 17%
10.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT 10 ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. YNTCO The pattern is comparable with that shown previously. Databases utilizing Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 have typically received a higher level of hardware upgrades to overcome scalability, performance and reliability issues than databases utilizing Oracle8 (Workgroup). C Total Cost of Ownership This section compares the total cost of ownership for databases utilizing Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 and Oracle8 (Workgroup) in terms of their: ā¢ Cost of ownership per named user ā¢ Cost of ownership per concurrent user ā¢ Cost of ownership per database gigabyte To achieve both a general comparison of cost of ownership and a comparison relevant to more demanding applications, the cost of ownership comparisons between Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 and Oracle8 (Workgroup) are performed in each case: ā¢ Across all applications ā¢ For data warehousing applications only
11.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT YNTCO ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. 11 Cost of Ownership per Named User is Similar for Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 and Oracle8 (Workgroup) Exhibit 9 shows the average costs of ownership per named user per annum for each of the database servers across the generally applicable application profile shown earlier. Exhibit 9 Cost of Ownership per Named User Averages per named user Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Oracle8 (Workgroup) Average number of named users 560 450 Total annual cost per user ($K) 4.0 3.4 Total annual cost per user less downtime ($K) 2.9 2.9 The total costs of ownership per named user per annum are comparable for Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 and Oracle8 (Workgroup) particularly when the cost of downtime is excluded from the calculation. Exhibit 10 shows the breakdown of these average costs of ownership per named user per annum for each of the database. Exhibit 10 Breakdown of Cost of Ownership per Named User Averages per named user ($K) Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Oracle8 (Workgroup) Product and maintenance (including upgrades) 0.5 0.7 Implementation (including training) 0.6 0.45 Operations and support 1.8 1.8 Down time 1.1 0.5 Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 exhibits a lower cost of product ownership per named user in a general application environment than Oracle8 (Workgroup). The overall levels of implementation and operations cost per
12.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT 12 ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. YNTCO named user are broadly comparable, giving comparable overall costs of ownership before downtime is taken into account. However in the more demanding data warehousing environment, Oracle8 (Workgroup) has the advantage in terms of cost of ownership per named user. Exhibit 11 shows the average costs of ownership per named user per annum within data warehousing applications for each of the database servers. Exhibit 11 Cost of Ownership per Named User: Databases within Data Warehousing Applications Averages per named user Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Oracle8 (Workgroup) Average number of named users 715 385 Total annual cost per user ($K) 4.7 3.3 Total annual cost per user less downtime ($K) 3.1 2.5 In data warehousing environments, a difference in cost of ownership emerges between Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 and Oracle8 (Workgroup). Oracle8 (Workgroup) now shows a lower cost of ownership for data warehousing applications regardless of whether or not the costs of downtime are included in the calculation.
13.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT YNTCO ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. 13 Exhibit 12 shows the breakdown of the costs of ownership per named user per annum for each of the database servers in support of data warehousing applications. Exhibit 12 Breakdown of Cost of Ownership per Named User: Data Warehousing Applications Averages per named user Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Oracle8 (Workgroup) Product and maintenance (including upgrades) 0.5 0.9 Implementation (including training) 0.5 0.4 Operations and support 2.2 1.3 Down time 1.6 0.8 Although the product costs per named user remain lower for Microsoft SQL Server 6.5, the lower operations, support, upgrade costs and cost of downtime for Oracle8 (Workgroup) results in a lower overall cost of ownership per named user. Oracle8 (Workgroup) Exhibits Lower Cost of Ownership per Concurrent User Exhibit 13 shows the average costs of ownership per concurrent user per annum for each of the database servers across the application portfolio. Exhibit 13 Cost of Ownership per Concurrent User Averages per concurrent user Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Oracle8 (Workgroup) Average number of concurrent users 155 170 Total annual cost per user ($K) 14.0 9.0 Total annual cost per user less downtime ($K) 10.3 7.8
14.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT 14 ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. YNTCO Since databases using Oracle8 (Workgroup) typically support a higher ratio of concurrent users to named users than Microsoft SQL Server 6.5, the cost of ownership per concurrent user per annum is considerably lower for Oracle8 (Workgroup) than for Microsoft SQL Server 6.5. Exhibit 14 shows the breakdown of the average costs of ownership per concurrent user per annum for each of the database servers in a general- purpose environment. Exhibit 14 Breakdown of Cost of Ownership per Concurrent User Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Oracle8 (Workgroup) Product and maintenance (including upgrades) 1.8 1.9 Implementation (including training) 2.0 1.2 Operations and support 6.5 4.7 Down time 3.7 1.3 Total less downtime 10.3 7.8 Total 14.0 9.0 Calculated per concurrent user, the gap in product cost of ownership between Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle8 (Workgroup) closes giving a similar cost of product ownership. Calculated per concurrent user, Oracle8 (Workgroup) has a lower cost of ownership than does Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 across database implementation, operation and support, resulting in a lower overall cost of ownership per concurrent user.
15.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT YNTCO ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. 15 As would be expected this cost of ownership advantage per concurrent user remains valid in a data warehousing environment. Exhibit 15 shows the average costs of ownership per concurrent user per annum for each of the database servers within data warehousing applications. Exhibit 15 Cost of Ownership per Concurrent User: Databases within Data Warehousing Applications Averages per concurrent user Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Oracle8 (Workgroup) Average number of concurrent users 225 215 Total annual cost per user less downtime($K) 10.0 4.4 Exhibit 16 shows the breakdown of the costs of ownership per concurrent user per annum for each of the database servers within data warehousing applications. Exhibit 16 Breakdown of Cost of Ownership per Concurrent User: Data Warehousing Applications Averages per concurrent user Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Oracle8 (Workgroup) Product and maintenance (including upgrades) 1.5 1.5 Implementation (including training) 1.5 0.6 Operations and support 7.0 2.3 Down time 5.1 1.4
16.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT 16 ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. YNTCO Oracle8 (Workgroup) Exhibits Lower Cost of Ownership per Database Gigabyte Exhibit 17 shows the average costs of ownership per Gigabyte of database per annum for each of the database servers across the mix of applications. Exhibit 17 Cost of Ownership per Gigabyte of Database Averages per database Gigabyte Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Oracle8 (Workgroup) Average size of database (Gigabits) 45 120 Total annual cost per Gigabyte ($K) 94 59 Total annual cost per Gigabyte ($K) less downtime 74 57 The average size of databases utilizing Oracle8 (Workgroup) is higher than that for databases utilizing Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 and, on the basis of cost per Gigabyte, Oracle8 (Workgroup) shows the lowest overall total cost of ownership.
17.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT YNTCO ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. 17 Exhibit 18 shows the breakdown of the average costs of ownership per database gigabyte per annum for each of the database servers in a general-purpose environment. Exhibit 18 Breakdown of Cost of Ownership per Database Gigabyte Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Oracle8 (Workgroup) Product and maintenance (including upgrades) 19 13 Implementation (including training) 12 8 Operations and support 43 36 Down time 20 2 Total less downtime 74 57 Total 94 59 Exhibit 19 shows the average costs of ownership per Gigabyte of database per annum for each of the database servers within data warehousing applications. Exhibit 19 Cost of Ownership per Gigabyte of Database: Databases within Data Warehousing Applications Averages per database gigabyte Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Oracle8 (Workgroup) Average size of database (Gigabytes) 65 190 Total per gigabyte (excluding downtime) 31 28
18.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT 18 ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. YNTCO Exhibit 20 shows the detailed breakdown of the costs of ownership per Gigabyte of database per annum for each of the database servers. Exhibit 20 Cost of Ownership per Gigabyte of Database: Detailed Analysis Averages per database gigabyte Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Oracle8 (Workgroup) Product and maintenance (including upgrades) 9.5 8.1 Implementation (including training) 5.7 5.7 Operations and support 16.3 13.8
19.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT YNTCO ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. 19 D Methodology and Cost Factors This section contains a description of the methodology used and also an analysis of some of the key cost factors within database cost of ownership. Organizations may find it useful to compare their internal costs against these cost factors. Methodology To ascertain the costs of ownership for each database server, 195 web interviews were carried out. Each interview referred to an individual database within an organization and collected measures of cost of ownership and effectiveness for that database. Data collected within the total cost of ownership included: Product costs: In addition to database product costs, these included all related product costs such as cost of underlying hardware and expenditure on database tools Database implementation costs (costs, mainly manpower, associated with the initial database implementation both internal and external) Operations costs (including all costs of IT personnel, user personnel and external expenditure incurred on server and network operations associated with the database, whether on central or local sites) Maintenance costs (annual expenditure on maintenance for all hardware and software associated with the database) Support costs (principally database administration costs, including the cost of personnel and external expenditure associated with performance monitoring and tuning for the database, and help-desk costs associated with the database) Training costs (includes the cost of training both IT and user personnel associated with the database) Upgrade costs (includes the cost of hardware upgrades, additional license fees, and any additional implementation and training costs resulting from the upgrades to this database)
20.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT 20 ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. YNTCO Cost of downtime (includes the direct cost of downtime in terms of additional support cost and estimates of the indirect cost of downtime in terms of cost to the business). Annual costs of ownership were calculated as shown in Exhibit 21. Exhibit 21 Calculation of Cost of Ownership Item Calculation of annual cost of ownership Software costs Total software cost divided by expected life of database in years Hardware costs Total hardware cost divided by expected replacement cycle of hardware in years Implementation costs Total implementation cost divided by expected life of database in years Training costs Total training cost divided by expected life of database in years Upgrade costs Total upgrade cost to date divided by current age of database in years Maintenance costs Calculated as annual figures Operations costs Calculated as annual figures Support costs Calculated as annual figures Downtime costs Calculated as annual figures Total annual cost of ownership Calculated as sum of above components Cost of ownership figures per named user, per concurrent user and per database gigabyte were then calculated on an annual basis by dividing the total annual cost of ownership calculated for each database by each databaseā s number of named users, number of concurrent users, and size in Gigabytes.
21.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT YNTCO ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. 21 Interviews were carried out across a broad range of industry sectors to give a representative mix of industries. All databases included in the study were required to support a minimum of 50 named users. The average number of named users per database is 540. Exhibit 22 shows the profile of databases by number of named users. Exhibit 22 Profile of Databases by Number of Named Users Number of named users Proportion of total (%) 50-100 36 101-200 21 201-500 23 501-1000 9 More than 1000 11 Total 100 The number of users concurrently using the database is less than the number of named users. The average number of concurrent users is 160. Exhibit 23 shows the profile of databases by number of concurrent users. Exhibit 23 Profile of Databases by Number of Concurrent Users Number of concurrent users Proportion of total (%) Less than 50 50 50-100 21 101-200 11 201-500 13 More than 500 5 Total 100
22.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT 22 ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. YNTCO Exhibit 24 shows the profile of databases by size of database in Gigabytes. The average database size is 50 Gigabytes. Exhibit 24 Profile of Databases by Size of Database Size of database (Gigabytes) Proportion f total (%) Up to 1.0 12 1.01 to 2.0 14 2.01 to 5 19 5.01 to 10.0 18 10.01 to 50.0 24 50.01 to 100.0 4 More than 100 9 Total 100 On average, the year of implementation for the database surveyed was 1996. Exhibit 25 shows the profile of year of initial implementation for the databases covered in the survey. Exhibit 25 Profile by Year of Database Implementation Year Proportion of total (%) 1994 or earlier 10 1995 10 1996 19 1997 37 1998 24 Total 100
23.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT YNTCO ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. 23 The average expected lifetime of the databases in the survey was 6.4 years. Cost Factors This section provides an analysis of a number of key cost factors used in the total cost of ownership analysis. Organizations may wish to benchmark their own figures against those shown below. Exhibit 26 shows the average replacement cycle for hardware platforms running database applications. Exhibit 26 Equipment Replacement Cycle Replacement Cycle Average number of years Equipment replacement cycle (years) 3.7 Exhibit 27 shows the typical number of days training received by IT and user personnel in support of database applications, together with the average training cost. Exhibit 27 Training Statistics Training item Average Number of days training per IT person 11 Number of days training per user 3 Average cost per man day training ($) 550 As would be expected the average number of days per person incurred on technical training for IT personnel is considerably higher than the level of training per database user.
24.
DATABASE SERVER EFFECTIVENESS
AND COST OF OWNERSHIP INPUT 24 ļ£© 1999 by INPUT. Reproduction Prohibited. YNTCO Exhibit 28 shows the average in-house cost of employment for database implementation, database administration, database operation and associated help-desk personnel. Exhibit 28 Manpower Costs Type of manpower Cost per person ($K) Average cost of implementation manpower ($K per person) 65 Average cost of employment per database administrator ($K) 63 Average cost of employment per operator ($K) 52 Average cost of employment per help-desk employee ($K) 45
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