3. Why apply manure on land?
3
Method of recycling a natural, organic byproduct.
Fertilizer for crop production in sustainable
agriculture
. Decrease costs of crop production.
4. What happens when manure is not
properly managed?
4
Damage to crops.
Risk of pollution.
Little benefit from fertilizer property.
Much of a good thing becomes a problems
5. Value of manure to the soil..
5
Apart from nutrient to plants,
Improve soil tilth
Structure
Aeration and water holding properties
6. Maximize manure nutrient utilization
by crops i
6
sufficient land base for manure spreading
Test soil and manure for nutrient levels
Determine release rates for nutrients in manure
Calculate crop nutrient demands
Prevent loss of nutrients through surface runoff
7. Maximize manure nutrient utilization
by crops ii
7
Reduce the loss of nitrogen to the atmosphere
Minimize soil compaction and problems with soil
structure
Prevent leaching of nitrates into groundwater
Prevent waterways pollution by manure runoff.
Minimize odours during spreading.
8. Application Rates i
8
Determine by overall nutrient management plan
don’t try to provide all nutrients for a crop with
manure
o may not release nutrients at the right balance
and time.
o inadequate composition to meet crop nutrients
9. Application Rates ii
9
Test the macro-nutrient content of manure.
(nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium)
Test the soil to determine nutrient levels
Know the nutrient needs of the crop being
grown
Provide 75% of the required nitrogen with
manure
25% will be provided by provided by fertilizer
10. Application Rates iii
10
While the nitrogen requirement determines the
amount of manure to apply,
Applying manure every year. may lead to excessive
levels of phosphorus and other elements
Long-term benefits increase if manure is spread over
larger areas.
(The need for adequate land)
11. Application Rates iv
11
Unless both soil and manure tests proves no risk
of reaching excessive nutrient levels
The ability of soil to soak up liquid determines
the rate of liquid manure application
Tillage before application may help if high rates
are planned.
12. Spreading Considerations i
12
• Mix manure and soil as soon as possible after spreading to
minimize odour
pollution from runoff
maximum fertilizer benefits
• 24 hours is recommended for surface applied manure be
incorporated with soil after application.
13. Spreading Considerations ii
13
liquid manure injected directly into soils is
recommended and best done
before preparing the seed bed
during the cropping season.
Nutrients are readily available to growing plants.
Don’t apply manure under wet soil condition in
order to avoid soil compaction
14. Spreading Considerations iii
14
Prevent manure from getting into any watercourse.
Don’t spread manure within,
30 meters (100 ft) of a watercourse on slopes less than
5%
60 meters (200 ft) of a watercourse on slopes greater
than 5%
15. Timing Considerations
15
Best to apply manure before, or early in, the growth stage
of any crop
forms of nitrogen are available immediately to plants
nutrients in organic form may be released throughout the
growing season
• If manure is spread late in the growing period or after the
growing season
reduced benefit to the crop
increased risk of nitrate leaching to groundwater or surface
runoff contaminating watercourses
16. Odour management i
16
• Manure spreading causes nuisance odour
• The following management practices minimizes
the possibility of complaints
clean and well maintained transport equipment
will ensure that manure is not deposited on
public roads.
do not overload equipment.
if a spill occurs, clean the road promptly.:
17. Odour management ii
17
avoid transporting manure on public roads during
o high traffic such as rush hours
o before and after work,
o during lunch break
check the weather conditions before spreading.
best weather for spreading
o sunny days with windy, cloudy nights.
18. Odour management iii
18
• Rain removes odours from the air
• Worst conditions are,
damp, humid weather with light winds
• Spread in the morning when air is warming
and rising, rather than late in the afternoon
• Consider the implications of spreading on
holidays and weekends when neighbours
are most likely to be affected by odours
19. Odour management iv
19
Notifying neighbours prior to spreading on
adjacent properties is a “good neighbour” policy
The first 12 to 48 hours after spreading are the
worst period for odours.
Odours could last up to 10 days, with very heavy
application rates
Spread and till with soil method or injecting into
soil reduce the release of odours
20. Odour management v
20
With injection, odours are less detectable at 70 meters
(230 ft) than they are at 400 meters (1,300 ft) from surface
applied manure
• To prevent fly propagation.
apply composted manure to pastures and hay fields
apply manure in a very thin layer so that it will dry in five
days or less.
21. Odour management vi
21
Keep the discharge height of the slurry as low as
possible to reduce odours during land
application.
• Choose discharge methods that are most effective
for odour control.
Dribble bars or booms
- Bottom discharge tanker
-Top discharge tanker
22. Bibliography..
22
Agriculture Canada and Ontario.Ministry of
Agriculture and Food. Best Management
Practices. Livestock and poultry waste
management.Toronto: OMAF:1994.
