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塑膠成型簡介
Editor:M1M400/Akina
2
簡介
塑膠成品的成型的問題,與成品設計,模具設計及射出成型條
件,這三個過程有極大的關係,所以在開模前就往往必須同時思考
其影響‧
此報告只討論塑膠成型討部分,讓工程師可以迅速的找到解決
問題的方向,首先工程師還是得先了解整個塑膠成型流程,然後面
對問題下解決方案時,比較容易且有效率。
回流程圖
3
塑膠成型週期流程圖
A.合模
適壓、高速
B.合模
低壓、低速
C.合模
高壓、低速
D.第一段射出
E.第二段射出
F.第三段射出
G.保壓
H.冷卻I.開模
低壓、低速
J.開模
中壓、高速
K.開模
低壓、低速
P.頂出機構回位
O.機械手作動
取出成品
N.成品頂出
L.融膠 M.鬆退
4
解釋名詞
A. 合模 (適壓、高速):將模具的移動側推至接進固定側為止。
B. 合模 (低壓、低速):又稱 “低壓保護” , 可確保頂出機構及
避免因模腔內有異物造成模具損害,此動作
通常從距成品肉厚2.5倍開始至模具移動側
與固定側密合為止。
C. 合模 (高壓、低速) :確認模具已經緊密合模及鎖模壓力足夠 。
回流程圖
5
解釋名詞
D. 第一段射出: 低壓、低速先成形料頭, 此法可克服冷料影。
E. 第二段射出: 高壓、高速成形成品90% 左右, 速度快遠端及較深的
肋才能充填完整。(但易產生包風現象, 故模具須逃
氣良好)
F. 第三段射出: 低壓、低速射至完全飽模,低壓,低速可防止出毛
邊。
回流程圖
6
G. 保壓: 保壓是一種小充填,可調整外觀縮水及變形, 保壓時間須
適當, 過長則成品過飽易出毛邊且進點處容易拉傷, 過
短則易縮水。
保壓一般也分三段:第一段在成品尾端,第二段成品中間,第三段
澆口附近。
H. 冷卻: 也是一種保溫形式,使塑料於模穴內固化, 又可分為:
前冷卻: 保壓開始時即冷卻開始
後冷卻: 保壓完成後,才開始冷卻。
回流程圖
解釋名詞
7
I. 開模 (低壓、低速) : 成品固化後, 模具移動側隨成型機作動
後退與固定側逐漸分開至成品機構完全脫
離為止, 此階段主要在於保護成品。
J. 開模 (適壓、高速) : 可縮短成型週期。
K. 開模 (低壓、低速) : 減緩機台的衝擊力。
回流程圖
解釋名詞
8
L. 融膠: 螺桿轉動將塑膠粒推入進入料管,料管的熱溫度可熔化塑膠
料時,進行融膠動作,當塑料順著螺牙進入將前端料管充滿
時,塑料的反作用力會將螺桿後推,此時背壓的設定會影響
螺桿轉退的速度, 螺桿最後會轉退至計量設定的位置,背
壓的目的在調整材料在料管內的緊實度(密度)
M. 鬆退: 融膠完成後, 螺桿會依預設的鬆退值轉退一小距離, 主要
目地於防止塑膠溢入模穴內, 影響成品的品質。
回流程圖
Metering FeedTransition
解釋名詞
9
N. 成品頂出: 在開模完成後, 機台頂柱將模具頂板前推, 藉由頂針
將成品頂出, 脫離公模側。
O. 機械手作動: 成品頂出後, 機械手即可至模側取出成品。
P. 頂出機構回位: 機台頂柱後縮將模具頂出機購確實回位再合模,避
免模具受損,配合成品兩段頂出或斜稍與母模、滑塊有靠破時必
須使用。
回流程圖
解釋名詞
10
1. 銀 線
2. 缺 料
3. 包 風
4. 翹 曲
5. 縮 水
6. 燒 焦
7. 頂 白
8. 結 合 線
常見射出成型不良問題
11
成型時有亂流
材料密度不夠
材料不夠乾燥
原因分析
降低射出速度或壓
力
調高背壓,降低螺
桿轉速
材料乾燥處理加強
改善對策照片
銀 線
12
溫度太低
排氣不良
射出壓力太低
原因分析
提高料溫或模溫
增加排氣
(頂針或入鑲塊)
調高射出壓力
改善對策照片
缺 料
13
模具設計不良
射出壓力太小
射出速度太快
原因分析
調整澆口位置或改
善流動方式
提高射出壓力
降低設出速度
改善對策照片
包 風
14
殘留內應力
成品長寬比大
成品肉厚不平均
原因分析
1.降低保壓
2.增加冷卻時間
3.降低射出壓力
調整澆口位置
增加模溫或料溫
改善對策照片
翹 曲
15
進澆口附近縮水
成品肉厚問題
原因分析
1.增加保壓
2.降低模溫或料溫
3.降低射出壓力
降低肉厚
如RIB 厚度=0.6T
改善對策照片
縮 水
16
射出速度太快
排氣不良
材料滯留料管太久
原因分析
降低射出速度
1.加強排氣
2.降低關模壓力
換成小料管
改善對策照片
燒 焦
17
頂出困難
原因分析
1.降低保壓
2.降低射出壓力
3.加強排氣
4.調整頂針形式
5.檢查成品是否有倒
鉤
改善對策照片
頂 白
18
結合線位置明顯
原因分析
1.調整澆口位置,
或增加澆口
2.增加模溫
3.增加料溫
4.增加保壓
5.加強排氣
6.在結合線處加RIB
7.澆道加調整鈕,
控制結合線位置
(多澆口)
改善對策照片
結 合 線
19
END
Thanks

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