4. VALVE; Definition
•Valve Glossary
A device which controls the flow of a liquid or gas in a
conduit or pipeline.
•BS EN 736-1:1995
Piping component which influences the fluid flow by
opening, closing or partially obstructing the passage of the
fluid flow or by diverting or mixing the fluid flow.
•Valve Handbook
Mechanical devices specifically designed to direct, start,
stop, mix, or regulate the flow, pressure, or temperature of
a process fluid. Valves can be designed to handle either
liquid or gas applications.
11. ضیر ساختمان
•Diagram of an open globe valve.
1. body
2. ports
3. seat
4. stem
5. disc or plug when valve is open
6. handle or handwheel when valve is open
7. bonnet
8. packing
9. gland nut
10. fluid flow when valve is open
11. position of disc if valve were shut
12. position of handle or handwheel if valve
were shut
21. ٍادام....
Valve Types Linear Motion Rotary Motion Quarter Turn
Gate YES NO NO
Globe YES NO NO
Plug NO YES YES
Ball NO YES YES
Butterfly NO YES YES
Swing Check NO YES NO
Diaphragm YES NO NO
Pinch YES NO NO
Safety YES NO NO
Relief YES NO NO
70. RISING STEM BALL VALVE
A single-seated ball valve that is designed
to seal by using the valve's stem to
mechanically wedge the valve's ball into a
stationary seat, effecting a bubble tight
seal. The valve's stem operates through a
guide sleeve assembly that guides the stem
through a quarter turn of rotation as the
stem is raised or lowered by a handwheel
(or actuator).
The mechanical action of the stem moves
the ball away from the seat prior to the 90°
rotation of the ball. The design provides
lower operating torques and longer seat life
while assuring bubble-tight shutoff.
75. مًادSeat
Material Specs Material Specs
Virgin PTFE
Polytetra-
Fluoro-
ethylene
• Excellent Chemical Resistance
• Not Recommended for Liquid Alkalis and Fluorine
• -73oC to 232oC
• White
PEEK
(Unfilled)
PolyEther-
EtherKetone
o Unique Combination of Chemical, Mechanical and
Thermal Properties.
o Excellent for Water and Steam up to 315oC and
Pressure up to 6000psi.
o Beige
Hostaflon
(TFM)
o Advanced Chemically Modified PTFE
o Superior Thermal and Mechanical Properties
o -195oC to 243oC
o Glossy White
Nova
Teflon Base Filled with Glass Amorphous Carbon
Powder and Graphite
Lower Thermal Contraction-Expansion than PTFE
Ideal for Steam or Thermal Fluid Up to 288oC
Black
RPTFE
Reinforced-
PTFE
Enhanced Mechanically Modified PTFE ; Stability,
Strength and wear Resistance
Filled by Glass Fiber to Permit Application in Higher
Pressure and Temperature
-196oC to 232oC
Off-White
Vespel ®
SP 21
Manufactured by DuPont using High Performance
Polyimide Resin.
Graphite is Added to Provide Low Wear and Friction for
Bearings, Thrust Washers and Dynamic Seals.
Well in Variety of Chemical Environments and
Fluids(Fuels, Oils, Lubricants) at Elevated Temperature.
Up to 482oC
Nylon
One of the Most Versatile and Widely Used Thermoplastic
Reasonable Price and Physical Prop. Make it Very Popular
Excellent Corrosion and Chemical Resistance at Low
Temperature.
Off-White, Burnt Orange.
UHMWPE
Ultra High
Molecular
Weight
Polyethylene
• High Modulus Polyethylene, HMPE / HPPE (Another
Name)
• Very Tough Material
• Highly Resistance to Corrosive Chemicals exception
of Organic Solvents and Oxidization Acids
• Very Low Friction Coefficient and Highly Resistant to
Abrasion
• -57oC to 90oC
• White
Devlon
Part of Polyamide Family but Has Additives which
Allows to Perform at Higher Pressure and
Temperature than other Nylon Family
Resistive vs. Most Aggressive Chemicals But not All.
-185oC to 200oC
76. مًادSeal
Material Specs Material Specs
Buna N
Or
Nitrile
• Widely Used Because of its Compatibility with Most
Hydraulic Fluid Media, including Petroleum Oils,
Water, Water Glycol, Di-Ester based Fluids, Air and
Inactive Gases.
• -54oC to 121oC
• Black
PTFE
Poly-
Tetra-
Fluoro-
Ethylene
• Excellent Chemical Resistance
• Excellent at Pressures up to 1500psi
• Resistant to Temperature Fluctuation in excess of
93oC
• Not Recommended for Liquid Alkalis and Fluorine
• Is not Reusable
• White
Neoprene
o Excellent for Refrigerants, Ammonia and Freon.
o -37oC to 107oC
o Black
Hostaflon
(TFM)
o Advanced Chemically Modified PTFE
o Superior Thermal and Mechanical Properties
o -195oC to 243oC
o Glossy White
Ethylene-
Propylene
EPDM
Low Pressure Steam, Hot Water, Phosphate Ester
Base Fluid, Weak Alkalies and Acids.
Not Recommended for Petroleum Service,
Hydrocarbons, Alcohol and Radiation.
-54oC to 149oC
Black
Flexible
Graphite
Chemically Resistant to Attack from Nearly All
Organic and Inorganic Fluids with Exception of Highly
Oxidizing Chemicals, and Concentrated, Highly
Oxidizing Mineral Acids.
-56oC to 538oC on almost any Media.
It is Sharpe Valves standard Seals in ½” to 4” fire
rated valves
Shiny Black
Viton
Viton is DuPont’s Trademark for Fluoroelastometer.
Excellent Heat Resistance.
Excellent Resistance to Aggressive Fuels and Chemicals.
Not Recommended for Steam.
-26oC to 200oC
Black
HNBR
Excellent Seal Materials Rated for -46oC to 180oC and
Explosion Decompression Approved.
83. Anti-Static Design
• An antistatic agent is a compound used for treatment of materials or their
surfaces in order to reduce or eliminate buildup of static electricity generally
caused by the triboelectric effect. Its role is to make the surface or the material
itself slightly conductive, either by being conductive itself, or by
absorbing moisture from the air, so some humectants can be used. The
molecules of an antistatic agent often have
both hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas, similar to those of a surfactant; the
hydrophobic side interacts with the surface of the material, while the hydrophilic
side interacts with the air moisture and binds the water molecules.
• Internal antistatic agents are designed to be mixed directly into the material,
external antistatic agents are applied to the surface.
• Common antistatic agents are based on long-
chain aliphatic amines (optionally ethoxylated) and amides, quaternary
ammonium salts (e.g., behentrimonium chloride or cocamidopropyl
betaine), esters of phosphoric acid, polyethylene glycol esters, or polyols. Indium
tin oxide can be used as transparent antistatic coating of windows. It is also
possible to use conductive polymers, like PEDOT:PSS and conducting polymer
nanofibers, particularly polyaniline nanofibers.
96. استاوذاردIGS-M-PL-010
GENERAL Flange End Ball Valve 16-48"
Flange Type R.F.
Class 600
API 6D
Full Bore
Body Fully Welded
Trunnion Mounted
Anti Static Design
Double Block & Bleed in Open & Close Position
Metal to Metal or Soft Seat
Secondary Seal
In Sight Visible Position Indicator
Open; Direction of Flow / Close; Perpendicular to it
Fire Safe to
API 6FA API 607 B.S. 5147
STEM
Anti Blow Out
Having Equal or More Than 2 Seal
Stem Extension = 3M
Painting
Acc. To 2010 rev.
MATERIAL
BODY, COVER, BONNET
cast carbon steel
at least to ASTM A216 grade WCB/WCC
Or forged carbon steel
at least to ASTM A105
Or ASTM A350 GR.LF2
Or Carbon Steel Plate
at least to ASTM A516 GR.70
BALL
cast carbon steel
at least to ASTM A216 grade WCB/WCC
Or forged carbon steel
at least to ASTM A105
Or ASTM A350 GR.LF2
Or ductile iron to ASTM A395.
Shall be
hard chromium
Or electroless nickel plated with final mirror finish
preparation
STEM
forged carbon steel
at least to ASTM A105
Or ASTM A350 GR.LF2
Or bar alloy steel at least to AISI 4140.
With
hard chromium
Or electroless nickel plated (25u)
ORING / Soft Seat
fluro-carbon co-polymer
Bolts & Nuts to Astm A193 B7/194 2H
97. ضیرآالت در ٌاستفاد قاتل مًادASTM
Designation
ASTM Casting
Specification
Service Recommendations
Carbon Steel ASTM A216 Grade WCB Non-corrosive applications including water, oil and gases at temperatures between -20°F (-30°C) and +800°F (+425°C)
Low Temp Carbon Steel ASTM A352 Grade LCB Low temperature applications to -50°F (-46°C). Not for use above +650°F (+340°C).
Low Temp Carbon Steel ASTM A352 Grade LC1 Low temperature applications to -75°F (-59°C). Not for use above +650°F (+340°C).
Low Temp Carbon Steel ASTM A352 Grade LC2 Low temperature applications to -100°F (-73°C). Not for use above +650°F (+340°C).
31/2% Nickel Steel ASTM A352 Grade LC3 Low temperature applications to -150°F (-101°C). Not for use above +650°F (+340°C).
1.25%Chrome
.5%MolySteel
ASTM A217 Grade WC6 Non-corrosive applications including water, oil and gases at temperatures between -20°F (-30°C) and +1100°F (+593°C).
21/4%Chrome ASTM A217 Grade C9 Non-corrosive applications including water, oil and gases at temperatures between -20°F (-30°C) and +1100°F (+593°C).
5%Chrome 1/2% Moly ASTM A217 Grade C5
Mild corrosive or erosive applications as well as non-corrosive applications at temperatures between -20°F (-
30°C) and +1200°F (+649°C).
9%Chrome 1% Moly ASTM A217 Grade C12
Mild corrosive or erosive applications as well as non-corrosive applications at temperatures between -20°F (-
30°C) and +1200°F (+649°C).
12% Chrome Steel ASTM A487 Grade CA6NM Corrosive application at temperatures between -20°F (-30°C) and +900°F (+482°C).
12% Chrome ASTM A217 Grade CA15 Corrosive application at temperatures up to +1300°F (+704°C)
316SS ASTM A351 Grade CF8M
Corrosive or either extremely low or high temperature non-corrosive services between -450°F (-268°C) and
+1200°F (+649°C). Above +800°F (+425°C) specify carbon content of 0.04% or greater.
347SS ASTM 351 Grade CF8C
Primarily for high temperature, corrosive applications between -450°F (-268°C) and +1200°F (+649°C). Above
+1000°F (+540°C) specify carbon content of 0.04% or greater.
304SS ASTM A351 Grade CF8
Corrosive or extremely high temperatures non-corrosive services between -450°F (-268°C) and +1200°F
(+649°C). Above +800°F (+425°C) specify carbon content of 0.04% or greater.
304L SS ASTM A351 Grade CF3 Corrosive or non-corrosive services to +800F (+425°C).
316L SS ASTM A351 Grade CF3M Corrosive or non-corrosive services to +800F (+425°C).
Alloy-20 ASTM A351 Grade CN7M Good resistance to hot sulfuric acid to +800F (+425°C).
Monel
ASTM 743 Grade M3-35-
1
Weldable grade. Good resistance to corrosion by all common organic acids and salt water. Also highly resistant
to most alkaline solutions to +750°F (+400°C).
Hastelloy B
ASTM A743 Grade N-
12M
Is well suited for handling hydrofluoric acid at all concentrations and temperatures. Good resistance to sulphuric
and phosphoric acids to +1200°F (+649°C).
Hastelloy C
ASTM A743 Grade CW-
12M
Good resistance to strong oxidation conditions. Good properties at high temperatures. Good resistance to
sulphuric and phosphoric acids to +1200°F (+649°C).
Inconel ASTM A743 Grade CY-40 Very good for high temperature service. Good resistance to strongly corrosive media and atmosphere to +800°F (+425°C).
Bronze ASTM B62 Water, oil or gas: up to 400°F. Excellent for brine and seawater service.
110. مخريطی ضیرَای اوًاع
ٍبپاله ٌؼن ٍحاظ
Taper Plug1
Cylindrical Plug2
ٍبپاله ظاختمان ٍحاظ
Face to Face: Compact Port area: 40-60%Short Pattern1
Face to Face: Longer than Short Port area: 50-70%Regular Pattern2
Face to Face: Longer than Short Port area: 40-50%Venturi Pattern3
ٍبرياوناری ٍحاظ
Lubricated1
Standard1-1
Pressure Balance1-2
Non-Lubricated2
Lined Type2-1
Elastometer Sleeved Type2-2
Lift-Up Type2-3
115. استاوذاردIGS-M-PL-002
GENERAL Plug Valve
Class 600
API 6D
Cycle Test
Pressure Balanced Type
Working Temperature
ANSI/ASME B.16.34
Pattern (Port area/Valve end area (Percent))
Fire Safe to
API 6FA
Or B.S.6755
Plug Locking Device
In Sight Visible Position Indicator
Open; Direction of Flow / Close; Perpendicular to it
external surface painting or coating
Stem Extension = 3M
Anti Blow Out
Having Equal or More Than 2 Seal
Stem Extension = 3M
MATERIAL
BODY, COVER, BONNET, ENDS
cast carbon steel
at least to ASTM A216 grade WCB/WCC
Or Bs. 1504-161 GR. 430/480
Or forged carbon steel
at least to ASTM A105
Or Bs. 1503 GR. 221/550
PLUG
cast carbon steel
at least to ASTM A216 grade WCB/WCC
Or Bs. 1504-161 GR. 430/480
Or forged carbon steel
at least to ASTM A105
Or Bs. 1503 GR. 221/550
Shall be
hard chromium plated with minimum 25u thickness to
ASTM B 650
Or electroless nickel plated with minimum 25 thickness to
ASTM B656
Top layer thickness
STEM
forged carbon steel
at least to ASTM A105
Or Bs. 1503 GR. 221/550
Or bar alloy steel at least to AISI 4140.
Finishing
hard chromium
Or electroless nickel plating
Non-metallic parts
PTFE/viton
ASTM D2004, HK 710
Or ASTM D-145
149. ٍیكسًیضیراوًاع
1
Lift
check
valves
The closure member travels
in the direction normal to
the plane of the seat.
ٗایؿیشػشیقسشاصدٚ٘ٛؿدیٍشاػرصیشا
وٛسعحشوسیٖآوٕسشاصٖدیٍشااػر.
2
Swing
check
valves
The closure member swings
about a hinge, which is
mounted outside the seat
3
Tilting
-disc
check
valves
The closure member tilts
about a hinge, which is
mounted near, but above,
the center of the seat
4
Diaph
ragm
check
valves
The closure member consists
of a diaphragm, which
deflects from or against the
seat.
This assembly is mounted in the
pipeline between two flanges or
clamped between pipeunions.