this slide is use to show the paedritric dose response and concertration which can affect the child and infant in mother

1. Drug Therapy for Pediatric Clients
INTRODUCTION

2. INTRODUCTION

3. Pediatric Drug Therapy
 Approximately 75% of all prescription drugs in the
U.S. lack full approval by the FDA because most
drugs are not studied on children.
 Studying the effects of drugs in children is a
problem.
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4. Absorption
 Gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) secretion in
infants
 Choosing the intramuscular injection site
 Topical drug absorption
 Intravenous drug administration
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5. Distribution
 Dependent upon the amount of water and/or fat
present in the child, as well as plasma affinity of
the drug and protein-binding activity
 Water-soluble drugs effectively utilized
 Protein binding capacity is less

6. Metabolism
 Difficult to predict
 Maternal drug history is important
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7. Excretion
 Kidney maturation
 Excretion increases as the kidney matures
 Drug toxicity decreases as the kidney matures

8. Pediatric Drug Sensitivity
 Central nervous system drugs
 Barbiturates and morphine
 Depressant effects are exaggerated
 Lowering body temperature
 Acetaminophen
 Becomes toxic easily with large doses
 Salicylates
 Do not give to children under the age of 12.
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9. Pediatric Dosages
 Determined by using a nomogram
 Nomograms are generally accurate after the
attainment of mature liver and kidney function.
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10. Rights to Follow
 Allow adequate time for drug administration.
 Gain the child’s trust.
 Never lie to the child.
 Consider the child’s developmental level.
 Prevent choking.
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11. Administration Methods
 Liquid medications are administered using an
infant dropper, syringe without a needle, or a
small spoon

12. Parenteral Medications
 Explain the procedure to the child and to the
parents.
 Use additional materials such as:
 Booklets
 Coloring books
 Puppets
 Dolls
 IV setup with colored water
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13. Painful Procedures
 Allow the parents to stay.
 Painful procedures should be done in a separate
room designated as the “owie” room.
 Use a firm positive manner.
 Assemble equipment first.
 Maintain the child’s safety.
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14. Intramuscular Injections
 Vastus lateralis is the preferred site for children
under the age of 3.
 Ventrogluteal site is the preferred site for
children over the age of 3.
 The child should be walking.
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15. . .
Anterior view of the location of the vastus
lateralis muscle in a young child.
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16. Final Step in Administering Drugs
 Evaluate drug action
 Remember
 Children are vulnerable.
 Be kind and patient.
 Enjoy the children; you will receive more than
you give.
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