This document provides information about tourism products in India, specifically national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. It begins with an acknowledgement and introduction. It then provides definitions and background on national parks, including the first national parks established in India and the United States. It lists the existing national parks in India and Uttar Pradesh, including details on Dudhwa National Park. Finally, it discusses wildlife sanctuaries in India and provides examples in Uttar Pradesh, describing several prominent sanctuaries in the state.

1. GC-201-TOURISM PRODUCT OF INDIA
FACULTY OF ARTS
(2021-2022)
PRESENTED BY-Abhinav
abhishek,Abhishek maurya,Abhishek
paswan,Abhishek kumar,Akhilesh
kumar,Aditya sharma
PSUMITTED TO-DR.Anil
singh

2. I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY SPECIAL THANKS OF
GRATITUDE TO BASICS OF HOSPITALITY SERVICE
TEACHER “MR.ANIL SINGH” FOR THEIR ABLE
GUIDANCE AND SUPPORT IN COMPLETING MY
PROJECT.
SECONDALY I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK MY
FRIENDS WHO HELPED ME A LOT IN FINALISING THIS
ASSIGNMENT WITHIN THE LIMITED TIME FRAME.
•ABHINAV ABHISHEK
•ABHISHEK KUMAR
•ABHISHEK MAURYA
•ABHISHEK PASWAN
•AKHILESH KUMAR
• ADITYA SHARMA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3. NATIONAL PARK
National park, an area set aside by a national government for the preservation
of the natural environment. A national park may be set aside for purposes of
public recreation and enjoyment or because of its historical or scientific
interest. Most of the landscapes and their accompanying plants and animals in a
national park are kept in their natural state. The national parks in the United
States and Canada tend to focus on the protection of both land and wildlife,
those in the United Kingdom focus mainly on the land, and those in Africa
primarily exist to conserve animals. Several other countries have large areas
reserved in national parks, notably Brazil, Japan, India, and Australia.
It is generally thought that the concept of a park or nature reserve under state
ownership originated in the United States in 1870 and that the world’s first
such park was Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, created through
legislation signed by U.S. Pres. Ulysses S. Grant in 1872. However, some
naturalists and others have argued that there is evidence that indicates that
the creation of Yellowstone was predated by the creation of Bogd Khan
Mountain National Park in Mongolia, which may date from as early as 1778

4. Yosemite, Sequoia, and General Grant national parks were established in the
United States in 1890, and during this time the idea of protecting outstanding
scenic natural areas for their own sake grew into a concept of American (U.S.)
national policy. The national park system was expanded during the following
decades, and the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) was created in 1916 to
administer the parks. By the early 21st century the NPS administered more
than 400 separate areas constituting about 85 million acres (34 million
hectares). In addition to national parks, the system included national preserves,
monuments, recreation areas, seashores, lakeshores, historic parks and sites,
parkways, scenic trails, and battlefields.
Partly inspired by the American example, movements in favour of national parks
sprang up in many other countries, beginning with Canada, which established its
first three national parks in the mid-1880s. Nature reserves had been
maintained in Europe for centuries to protect hunting grounds for use by kings
and nobles, but the establishment of modern national parks and nature reserves
gained momentum only after World War I or, in some cases, after World War
II. Great Britain established the administrative machinery for both national parks
and nature reserves in 1949.

5. It also began establishing national parks in India and its African colonies after
the war, and this practice was continued and expanded by those new nations
after reaching independence. Japan and Mexico established their first national
parks in the 1930s, but interest in parks generally came later in Asia and Latin
America than it did in the Anglo-American countries and Europe.
National parks in India are IUCN (International Union of Conservation of
Nature) category II protected areas. India's first national park was established
in 1936, now known as jim corbett national park., Uttarakhand. By 1970, India
only had five national parks. In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection
Act and Project Tiger in 1973 to safeguard the habitats of conservation reliant
species. Now there are 106 national parks in India.
Further federal legislation strengthening protection for wildlife was introduced
in the 1980s.
There are 106 existing national parks in India covering an area of 44,378
km2, which is 1.35% of the geographical area of the country (National
Wildlife Database, Dec. 2020)

6. NATIONAL PARK IN U.P
There is only 1 national park located within Uttar Pradesh.
Dudhwa National Park
The Dudhwa National Park is a national park in the Terai belt of
marshy grasslands in northern Uttar Pradesh, India. It stretches over an area of
490.3 km2 (189.3 sq mi), with a buffer zone of 190 km2 (73 sq mi). It is part of
the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve in the Kheri and Lakhimpur districts.[1] The park is
located on the Indo-Nepali border in the Lakhimpur Kheri District, and has
buffers of reserved forest areas on the northern and southern sides. It
represents one of the few remaining protected areas of the diverse and
productive Terai ecosystem, supporting many endangered species, obligate
species of tall wet grasslands and species of restricted distribution.

7. Dudhwa became a tiger reserve in 1979. The area was established in
1958 as a wildlife sanctuary for swamp deer. Thanks to the efforts
of Billy Arjan Singh the area was notified as a national park in January
1977.[2] In 1987, the park was declared a tiger reserve and brought
under the purview of the ‘Project Tiger’. Together with the Kishanpur
Wildlife Sanctuary and the Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary it forms
the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve.
History
Climate
Like most of northern India, Dudhwa has an extreme humid
subtropical with dry winters (CWa) type of climate. Summers are
hot with temperatures rising up to 40 °C (104 °F). During winters
from mid-October to mid-March, temperatures hover between 20
and 30 °C (68 and 86 °F). The months of February to April are ideal
for visiting the park.

8. Prevalent winds are westerly. The hot wind Loo blows strongly from
mid-April up to end of May. Monsoon starting in mid-June and
lasting up to September accounts for 90% of the rainfall of 150 cm
(59 in). Temperatures range from between a minimum of 9 °C (48 °F)
in winter to a maximum of up to 45 °C (113 °F) in peak summer.
Habitat
The area of the park falls within the Upper Gangetic plains and is a
vast alluvial plain ranging in altitude from 150 m (490 ft) in the
farthest southeast to 182 metres (597 ft) in the extreme north. The
park's mosaic of high forest interspersed with grasslands is
characteristic of the Terai ecosystems in India and the area is,
probably, the last prominent remnant of this type of ecosystem.
The forests, especially the sal forests, have always been very dense
and can be categorized into northern tropical semi-evergreen
forest, northern Indian moist deciduous forest, tropical
seasonal swamp forest and northern tropical dry deciduous forest.

9. The main flora comprises
sal, asna, shisham, jamun, gular, sehore and bahera. The grasslands
comprise about 19% of the park. The wetlands constitute the third
major habitat type and include the rivers, streams, lakes and
marshes. While many of the major wetlands are perennial with
some amount of surface moisture retained round the year, some
dry up during hot summer.
The park is home to one of the finest forests in India, some of
these trees are more than 150 years old and over 70 ft (21 m) tall.
Fauna
Major attractions of Dudhwa National Park are
the tigers (population 58 in 2014) and swamp deer (population
over 1,600). Billy Arjan Singh successfully hand-reared and
reintroduced zoo-born tigers and leopards into the wilds of
Dudhwa. Some rare species inhabit the park. Hispid hare, earlier
thought to have become extinct, was rediscovered here in 1984.

10. BIRDS
The park has rich bird life, with over 350 species, including
the swamp francolin, great slaty woodpecker and Bengal florican.
Dudhwa also boasts a range of migratory birds that settle here
during winters. It includes among others, painted storks, black and
white necked storks, sarus
cranes, woodpeckers, barbets, kingfishers, minivets, bee-
eaters, bulbuls and varied night birds of prey.
There are also drongos, barbets, cormorants, ducks, geese,
hornbills, bulbuls, teal, woodpeckers, heron, bee-eaters, minivets,
kingfishers, egrets, orioles, painted storks, owls.

11. Dudhwa's birds in particular are a delight for any avid bird watcher where
bengal florican is most popular between bird watchers. The marshlands are
habitat for about 400 species of resident and migratory birds including
the swamp francolin, great slaty woodpecker, Bengal florican, plenty of painted
stork, sarus crane, several species of owl, Asian
barbet, woodpecker and minivets. Much of the park’s avian fauna is aquatic in
nature and found around Dudhwa’s lakes such as Banke Tal.
The endangered white-rumped vulture has been sighted in a group of 115
individuals.

12. WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES
A Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area of importance
for flora, fauna, or features of geological or other interest, which is
reserved and managed for conservation and to provide
opportunities for study or research. The Wild Life (Protection) Act,
1972 provides for the establishment of Protected Areas in India.
Wildlife sanctuaries of India are classified as IUCN Category IV
protected areas. As of December 2020, 553 wildlife sanctuaries
were established in India, covering
119,776 km2 (46,246 sq mi).[2] Among these, Project Tiger governs
51 tiger reserves, which are of special significance for the
conservation of the Bengal tiger. The oldest bird sanctuary
is Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary near Chennai in Tamil Nadu state,
and was established in 1796.

13. WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES IN U.P
There are total 25 Sanctuary including national park to bird
sanctuary.
• Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary
• Chandraprabha Wildlife Sanctuary
• Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Bird Wildlife Sanctuary
• Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary
• Jai Prakash Narayan (Surha taal) Bird Wildlife Sanctuary
• Kaimoor Wildlife Sanctuary
• Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary
• Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary
• Lakh Bahosi Bird Wildlife Sanctuary
• Mahavir Swami Wildlife Sanctuary
• National Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary
• Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary
• Okhla Bird Wildlife Sanctuary

14. • Patna Wildlife (Pundhir Bird) Sanctuary
• Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary
• Saman Bird Wildlife Sanctuary
• Samaspur Wildlife (Bird) Sanctuary
• Sandi Bird Wildlife Sanctuary
• Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary
• Sohelwa Wildlife Sanctuary
• Sur Sarovar Wild Life Sanctuary
• Suraha Tal Sanctuary
• Turtle (Kachhua) Wildlife Sanctuary
• Vijai Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary
• Parvati Aranga Bird Wildlife Sanctuary

15. Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary
The Bakhira Bird Sanctuary is the largest natural flood plain wetland of India in Sant
Kabir Nagar district of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. The sanctuary was established in 1980. It
is situated 44 km west of Gorakhpur city 18 km away from khalilabad and 55 km away
from basti. It is a vast stretch of water body expanding over an area of 29 km2. This is
an important lake of eastern UP, which provides a wintering and staging ground for a
number of migratory waterfowls and a breeding ground for resident birds. This is also
used for farming activities as it is connected to Bakhira Canal which covers the people
of 15 km from its origin. The sanctuary is named after the village Bakhira located
adjacent to the lake along with as many as hundred and eight villages surrounding the
lake within the 5 km radius.

16. Chandraprabha Wildlife Sanctuary
The Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary, also known as Chandraprabha,
is situated in Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh state in central India. It
is well endowed with beautiful picnic spots, dense forests, and scenic
waterfalls like Rajdari, Devdari & Naugarh waterfall that attract tourists
every year to its vicinity. Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary is situated
about 70 kilometres from the historic city of Varanasi.

17. Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Bird Wildlife Sanctuary
An area of 25864 hectares (258.64 sq km) of North Sagar Forest Division
has been selected by the department for the sanctuary. Its headquarters
will be in Sagar. It is named as Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar Sanctuary North
Sagar.
In the sanctuary, 98.202 cubic metres of timber and 236 cubic metres of
firewood worth Rs 42 lakh and Rs 4.96 lakh respectively will be affected
annually. This means, wood quantity mentioned will be used by the
villagers.

18. Hastinapur sanctuary is spread over an area of 2073 square kilometre. It
is inhabited by wildlife varieties like sambar, cheetah, blue bull, swamp
deer, hyena, wild cat etc. Visitors can have a look at the activities of
amphibians and butterflies. Hastinapur sanctuary is also a bird watching
spot. Birds commonly spotted here include painted storks, colorful
woodpeckers, kingfisher and bulbul.
Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary

19. Surha, locally called Surha Taal (in Bhojpuri: Taal=lake) is a natural lake located in Ballia
District of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is an oval shaped lake which has an area of
34.32 km2. and is located about 17 km. north from the Ballia city along the
river Ganges.
Jai Prakash Narayan (Surha taal) Bird Wildlife
Sanctuary
Geographically Surha is located in Middle Ganga Plains along the margins of Ganges. It
owes its origin to the meandering of Ganges and now a narrow outlet of about 23 km
named Kathar Nala connects it with the river and is the main outflow channel

20. Kaimoor Wildlife Sanctuary
Kaimoor Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Sonbhadra and Mirzapur districts of
southeastern Uttar Pradesh. The sanctuary reaches generally east and west along
the Kaimur Range, extending to the Son River at its eastern end, and to the border of
Madhya Pradesh at its western end. It was established in 1982.
The vegetation consists of 500 square kilometers of verdant land. The topography of
the region is as varied as the types of animals that it houses.

21. Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary
The Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in the Upper Gangetic plain,
near Bahraich city in Bahraich district of Uttar Pradesh, India and covers an area of
400.6 km2 (154.7 sq mi) in the Terai of the Bahraich district. In 1987, it was brought
under the purview of the ‘Project Tiger’, and together with the Kishanpur Wildlife
Sanctuary and the Dudhwa National Park it forms the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve.[1] It was
established in 1975.

22. Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary
Kishanpur sanctuary is spread over an area of 200 square kilometer. The
entire area is covered by green meadows. One can watch interesting
wildlife species like swamp deer, spotted deer, python and tigers. The
scene of chital or Barasingha moving in herds is a visitor’s delight. One
can also watch colorful birds in this sanctuary.

23. Lakh Bahosi Bird Wildlife Sanctuary
Lakh Bahosi Sanctuary is a bird sanctuary spread over two jheels
(shallow lakes) near the villages of Lakh and Bahosi (abt 4 km apart)
in Kannauj district, Uttar Pradesh. It is about 40 km from Kannauj.
Primarily a bird sanctuary, species from 49 genera (of the 97 inhabiting
India) can be seen at the sanctuary. It is one of the largest bird sanctuary
in India, covering 80 km2 including also a stretch of the Upper Ganges
canal.

24. Mahavir Swami Wildlife Sanctuary
Set amidst dense forested region, the sanctuary has lush green
landscape and varying topography. Visitors can find wild beasts like
Nilgai, leopard, wild boar and sambar here. In addition miscellaneous
birds are found at this spot, making it a bird watchers’ delight. Apart
from wildlife, the sanctuary is home to 41 Jain temples representative of
the Gupta or Golden age. Many edifices and pillars are also found here.

25. National Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary
It is a riverine sanctuary located along the Chambal river. It supports
huge number of local gharial or Gavialis gangeticus. It is also a good spot
for watching Gangetic dolphins. In this sanctuary, one can find 8 turtle
species. Visitors can also get glimpse of many native and migratory
varieties of beautiful birds in this wildlife destination. Also check the hill
stations near Meerut city here.

26. Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary
Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary, renamed in 2015 Shahid Chandra Shekhar Azad Bird
Sanctuary,[2] is a bird sanctuary located in Unnao district on the Kanpur-Lucknow
highway in Uttar Pradesh, India consisting of a lake and the surrounding environment.
It is one of the many wetlands of Northern India. The sanctuary provides protection for
250 species of migratory birds mostly from CIS (or formerly USSR) countries, but the
numbers have been dwindling since the 1990s, most having relocated to newer areas
in Himachal and Rajasthan. The sanctuary also houses a deer park, watchtowers and
boats.

27. Okhla Bird Wildlife Sanctuary
Okhla Bird Sanctuary is a bird sanctuary at the Okhla barrage over Yamuna River. It is
situated in Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar district, on Delhi-Uttar Pradesh state border
and known as a haven for over 300 bird species, especially waterbirds.[1] In 1990, an
area of 3.5 square kilometres (1.4 sq mi) on the river Yamuna was designated a bird
sanctuary by the Government of Uttar Pradesh under the Wildlife Protection Act,
1972. The site is located at the point where the river enters Uttar Pradesh.

28. Parvati Aranga Bird Wildlife Sanctuary
Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary is situated in the Gonda District and about 45 Km.
from Gonda at Mankapur-Nawabganj Road and Mankapur-Faizabad Railway Line in the
state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The sanctuary is spread over an area of 1084.47 ha. The
lake is naturally able to sustain resident birds throughout the year and migratory birds
during winter season. It was a part of the Saryu River. As the river changed its flow
path these lakes were left as its remains. Thus, both the lakes are oxbow lakes. Parvati
Arga Bird Sanctuary was declared vide Government. Notification No. 1021/14-3-14/90
dated 23.05.1990.

29. Patna Wildlife (Pundhir Bird) Sanctuary
Patna Bird Sanctuary is a protected area in Uttar Pradesh's Etah district
encompassing a lentic lake that is an important wintering ground
for migrating birds.It is situated near a town Jalesar which is also known
as Ghungroo Nagari or Bell City . It was founded in 1991 and covers an
area of 1.09 km2 (0.42 sq mi).[1] With a lake area of only
1 km2 (0.39 sq mi), it is the smallest bird sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh.

30. Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary
Ranipur National Park is situated adjacent to the holy spot of
Chitrakutdham. Throughout its area, this reserve is full of green shrubs.
One can also get to see the Nilgai here. Apart from wildlife, this National
Park is home to many sightseeing points of spiritual significance like
Sabri waterfall, Raghav waterfall, Amravati waterfall and Dhanwantari
ashram.

31. Saman Bird Wildlife Sanctuary
Saman Bird Sanctuary is in Mainpuri district, in western Uttar Pradesh.
It has been designated as a protected Ramsar site since 2019.
Mainpuri is the nearest railhead. Also, UPSRTC operates city buses to
and from the main archaeological sites. Agra is the nearest Airport

32. Samaspur Wildlife (Bird) Sanctuary
Samaspur Bird Sanctuary is a protected area situated near Salon in Raebareli
district, Uttar Pradesh, India, about 122 km from Lucknow on Lucknow-
Varanasi highway. It was established in 1987 on about 780 hectares of land. The
nearest railway station is Unchahar and the nearest airport is Fursatganj. More than
250 varieties of birds can be seen there, some of which travel more than 5000 km to
get there, including the greylag goose, pintail, common teal, Eurasian
wigeon, northern shoveler, and ruddy shelduck (Surkhab). Local birds include
the knob-billed duck, lesser whistling-duck, Indian spot-billed duck, Eurasian
spoonbill, kingfishers, and vultures. There are twelve varieties of fish in the lake at
Samaspur.

33. Sandi Bird Wildlife Sanctuary
Sandi Bird Sanctuary is a bird sanctuary in Hardoi district of Uttar
Pradesh, India.
The sanctuary is located at a distance of 19 km on Hardoi-Sandi Road in
Sandi in Hardoi district of Uttar Pradesh. Sandi Bird Sanctuary is 1 km
from Sandi town on Main Road at Nawabganj, near Sandi Police Station
of Hardoi district.

34. Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary
Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary is in the Maharajganj district in Uttar
Pradesh state of India. It covers 428.2 km²,[1] located on the west Bank
of the Gandaki River, near the border with Nepal. Sohagi Barwa is one of
the tiger habitats of in Uttar Pradesh. SBWS is divided into seven forest
ranges, namely; Pakdi, Madhwaliya, Laxmipur, North Chouk, South
Chouk, Seopur and Nichlaul ranges with 21 grasslands. The sanctuary is
home to diverse flora and fauna, including tigers.

35. Sohelwa Wildlife Sanctuary
Suhelva Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located
in Balrampur, Gonda and Sravasti districts of the state of Uttar
Pradesh in India. It is about 66 km from Balrampur, 120 km
from Gonda and about 210 km from Lucknow. It covers an area of 452
square kilometers.[1]
The forest is one of the oldest forests in Uttar Pradesh and was given the
status of a wildlife sanctuary in 1998.

36. Sur Sarovar Wild Life Sanctuary
It is the holy point where Lord Krishna used to meet his beloved Radha during
Dwapara Yuga. It covers an area of 7.97 square kilometre. There is a beautiful lake in
the vicinity of the sanctuary. One can find as many as 165 species of endemic and
migratory birds in this place. This bird sanctuary inherits it’s name from reverend poet
Surdas. It was here that Surdas got inspired to compose his compilation of verses
known as Bhakti Kavya. Apart from its spiritual significance, Sur Sarovar bird sanctuary
has added speciality. This sanctuary is used to preserve a variety of bear called the
‘dancing bear’.

37. Suraha Tal Sanctuary
Surha, locally called Surha Taal (in Bhojpuri: Taal=lake) is a natural lake
located in Ballia District of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is an oval shaped
lake[1] which has an area of 34.32 km2.[2] and is located about 17 km.
north from the Ballia city along the river Ganges.

38. Turtle (Kachhua) Wildlife Sanctuary
Kachhua Sanctuary is in Varanasi district in Uttar Pradesh, India. Turtles, the Ganges
dolphin and other water animals can be found here.
Location 8 km from railway station, spread over the 7 km stretch of River Ganges from
Rajghat to Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India Distances 28 km from Babatpur (Varanasi)
Airport, by road - Lucknow- Varanasi via Sultanpur-285 km, Via Pratapgarh 302, via
Faizabad 323 km. One can contact the Office of Warden, Turtle Wild Life Sanctuary,
Sarnath, Varanasi. Best season - (October–June)
Turtle Sanctuary was declared on 21 December 1989.

39. Vijai Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary
Vijai Sagar Sanctuary is located in Mahoba District of Uttar Pradesh.
Vijai Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary was founded in 1990.
The nearest railway and bus stations are located at Mahoba about 4 km
from the sanctuary.
Jackal, mongoose, wildcat and various local and migratory birds occupy
the 3 km2 of area. The ideal time to visit is from December to February.