Implant infusion pump & ophthalmic inserts.Its advantages, disadvantages, and application.

1. Submitted by
Abhishek Sunil Dhoot (160603003)
First Year MPharm (Pharmaceutics)
IMPLANT INFUSION PUMPS,
OSMOTIC PUMP &
OPHTHALMIC INSERTS
Under the guidance of
Dr. Srinivas Mutalik

2. CONTENTS:
Introduction
Implant infusion pumps
Osmotic Pumps
Ophthalmic inserts
Conclusion
References

3. INTRODUCTION
•Implants are small sterile solid masses consisting of a highly
purified drug made by compression or moulding.
•Implants type drug delivery is useful for patients having difficulty
in taking drugs orally, and it allows the avoidance of frequent
dosage by sustained supply.
•Implanted infusion pumps are small devices surgically implanted
under your skin.
•They are used when you need long-term medications.
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4. IMPLANT INFUSION PUMP
IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS
•It should posses chemical, physical and biological stability
•Compatible with drug
•Convenient to use by patients and health professionals
•Long reservoir.
•Simple means to performance of the pump
•Easy to manufacture & relatively inexpensive.
•Good mechanical strength.
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5. OSMOTIC PUMPS
ALZET OSMOTIC PUMP
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6. Advantages
•Improved patient convenience and compliance.
•Reduction in fluctuation in steady-state levels.
•Increased safety margin of high potency drugs.
•Maximum utilization of drug.
•Less frequency of dosing
•Reduction in health care cost through improved therapy
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7. •Expensive, as special equipment is required for making
the system.
•If the coating process is not well controlled there is a
risk of film defects, which results in dose dumping
•Tissue or skin damage
Disadvantages
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8. Basic components of Osmotic Pumps
Drug:
•Both water soluble and water insoluble drugs can be used in the
osmotic pump systems.
•The drug candidate used in the osmotically controlled drug
delivery should possess short biological half-life (2-6h),
•High potency and should be required for a chronic treatment.
•Nifedipine, Virapamil, Metoprolol, Captopril, Diltiazem
hydrochloride, Carvedilol,Valsartan etc......
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9. Osmotic agents:
Osmotic agents usually are ionic compounds consisting of either in
organic salts such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride
magnesium sulphate, sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate and
sodium bicarbonate
Hydrophilic polymers like Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,
Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose,Hydroxyethylmethylcellulose,
Methylcellulose, Polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrollidine.
Additionally, sugars such as glucose, sorbitol, sucrose and
inorganic salts of carbohydrates can also act as effective osmotic
agents.
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10. Semi Permeable / Micro porous Membrane
Semi permeable membrane plays an important role in the
modulation of dug release from the osmotic drug delivery system.
It should be stable to both outer and the inner environment of the
device.
The membrane should be rigid and inert and should maintain its
dimensional integrity to provide a constant osmotic driving force
during drug delivery.
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12. OPHTHALMIC INSERTS
•Ocular inserts are defined as sterile,
thin, solid or semisolid devices
placed into conjuctival sac.
•Its size and shape are especially
designed for ophthalmic application.
•They are composed of a polymeric
support that may or may not contain a
drug.
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13. CLASSIFICATION
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14. Diffusion Inserts
•The diffusion systems are composed of a drug reservoir enclosed
in a specially designed semi-permeable or micro porous
membrane, which allows the drug to diffuse from the reservoir.
•The drug release from such a system is controlled by the
lachrymal fluid, which permeates through the membrane.
•The drug delivery rate is controlled by diffusion through the
membrane.
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15. Ocusert
•Ocusert is a diffusion-controlled, reservoir-type device marketed
in the United States.
•Pilocarpine ophthalmic (for the eyes) is used to treat glaucoma or
ocular hypertension (high pressure inside the eye).
•Side effects:
Flushing
Excessive secretion of tears
Itching of skin
Fatigue
Blurred vision
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16. Osmotic Inserts
•The drug and the osmotic solutes are placed in two separate
Compartments surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane.
•The tear fluid diffuses through the semi-permeable membrane,
wets them, and induces their dissolution and then released from
the deposits of the device.
•The drug release from the system is generally very rapid at the
beginning and then declines exponentially with time.
•The release of the drug takes place when tears penetrate into the
insert.
•This induces drug release by diffusion and forms a layer of gel
around the core of the insert.
Contact Lenses
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17. Soluble Ophthalmic Inserts
•Soluble inserts correspond to the oldest class of ocular inserts,
which offer the advantage of being wholly soluble, so they need
not be removed from the site of application.
•The soluble ophthalmic inserts are easily processed by
conventional methods – E.g. Compression
•The bioerodible inserts are composed of homogeneous dispersion
of a drug which can be included in or not included in the
hydrophobic coat made of bioerodible polymers.
•Drug release from such a system is due to the contact of the
device with the tear fluid, inducing a superficial bioerosion of the
matrix.
Bioerodible Ophthalmic Inserts
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18. Advantages and disadvantages:
•prolonged drug activity and higher bioavailability
•Release of drugs at a slow, constant rate
•Accurate dosing
•Sterility.
•Stability.
•Increased shelf life with respect to aqueous solutions.
•A major disadvantage of ocular inserts resides in their ‘solidity’,
that is, they are felt by the (often oversensitive) patients as an
extraneous body in the eye.
•Difficulty in placement of the ocular inserts
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19. Lacrisert
Lacrisert is a sterile ophthalmic insert used in treatment of Dry eye
syndrome and is usually recommended for patient unable to
obtain symptomatic relief with artificial tear solutions
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21. CONCLUSION
Implantable infusion pumps are especially well suited for
long term delivery of drugs.
They are free from toxicity and are safe and effective.
Ocular inserts Reduced frequency of administrations and
thus better patient compliance with lower
incidence of visual side effects.
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