This document discusses antipsychotic drugs, including their uses, mechanisms of action, and classifications. Antipsychotics are used to treat psychosis like schizophrenia by competitively blocking dopamine receptors in the brain and lowering dopamine activity. They are classified based on their chemical structure, such as phenothiazines which are non-selective dopamine antagonists. Chlorpromazine is provided as an example antipsychotic drug, with its chemical structure, synthesis, and mechanism of action described.

2.  Antipsychotics are the drugs that have specific sedative effect and which improves the
attitude and calm behavior of psychotics patient.
 They are essential used in the symptomatic treatment of psychosis, such as
schizophrenia and organic psychosis.
 Antipsychotic drug have a significantly stronger effect on the CNS, but they are not
CNS depressant.
 The symptoms of schizophrenia can be divided into two types, positive and negative.
 Positive symptoms are those that are not normally found in healthy individuals,
including hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder.
 Negative symptoms represent the loss of qualities normally present in healthy
individuals, including impoverishment of thought, blunted emotion, attention deficit,
and lack of motivation or initiative.

3.  All antipsychotics except cloazapine have potent dopamine (D2) receptor blocking
action.
 Antipsychotic drugs competitively bind with dopamine receptor and block the action
of dopamine on the corresponding receptor sites and lower the antipshycotics
activity.
 Phenothiazines and thioxanthanes also block D1, D3, and D4 receptors and have
correlation with antipsychotic or tranquillizing property.
 These drug also used for controlling manic phase in manic depressive psychosis like
anxiety, fear, aggression,.

6.  These are non selective , competitive, antagonist of D1 and D 2 receptors and hence
blocks dopamine activity on this receptor site.
 These drug also known as tricyclic antipsychotics. These acts on the CNS by causing
moderate sedative and antiemetic effect.
 These are further classified according to the type of substitution on the N- atom the
phenothiazine ring :-
 A) Phenothiazine with aliphatic side chain :- e.g. Chlopromazine, Promazine
 B) Piperazine derivative :- e.g. acetophenazine,fluphenazine, perphenazine
 C) Piperidines :- e.g. Mesoridaine, thioridazine

9.  It is presumed that phenothazines mediated that pharmacological effect
mainly through interaction at D 2 typedopamine receptor.
 The activity of phenothazines is determined by following :-
 Nature of Alkyl Side Chain C -10
 Amino Group of Side Chain
 Substitution on Aromatic Ring

13. 1. Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride
3-(2-Chloro-10 H-Phenothiazine-10-yl) N, N – Dimethyl Propane-1-Amine

14. N Cl
Synthesis :-
S
2-Chlorophenothiazine
CH3
Cl CH2 CH2 CH2 N
CH3
3-Chloropropyl-dimethylamine
Refulx
in presence of
toulene and
sodamide
S
N Cl
CH3
CH2 CH2 CH2 N
CH3
Chloropromazine
H

15. Mechanism of Action :- Its act as an antagonist of Dopamine, serotonin,
Histamine, Adrenergic and Muscarinic Receptor.
Uses :-
 It is used in the treatment of psychotic disorder such as
schizophrenia.
 It is control Nausea and Vomiting.
 It is Occasionally used treatment for Migraine.

16. Nomenclature of Anti-Psychotic Drugs