research methodology

2.  Definition:
as the observation, identification, description, experimental
investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural
phenomena.
 A systematically organized body of knowledge on a
particular subject.
• Investigate and understand the natural world
• Explain events in natural world
• Make useful predication about natural events

3.  Scientific knowledge is tentative but durable
 Science demands and relies on empirical evidence.(is an evidence based
process for acquiring knowledge
 Science is a highly creative idea.
 Science is self corrective and progressive
 There are historical, cultural, and social influences on science.
 Science and technology impact each other, but they are not the same.
 Data is required ,data is obtained by observation
 Any scientific observation is repeatable(Anywhere, anytime, anyone)
 Deals with natural world

4.  Karl Popper
 “A theory that explains everything's, doesn’t really
explain anything’
 “If you are wrong , you were right”
 Non-science is unfalsifiable
 Example:
 Water addition in emulsion reduces viscosity
 Light-particle , wave….

5.  “Research is the systematic approach to obtaining and
confirming new and reliable knowledge”
 Investigate systematically.
 Creative and systematic work
 2 types : Fundamental and applied research
 Aim to improve scientific theories for improved understanding or
prediction of natural or other phenomena.
 A methodology used to solve a specific, practical problem of an
individual or group.

7. Observation Problem
Literature
survey
Hypothesis
Method to adopted
/experiments
Data
Conclusion
Published/IP
Not in consonance with hypothesis
Consonance with hypothesis

8.  Person should be aware possible independent
variable
 Detailed observations are made in the
experiments
 Measurements are taken carefully ,
accurately and consistently
 Detailed procedure is properly developed and
is reproducible
 Controlled variables are kept constant
 Describe: How to change variables? How to
measure the changes ? how to measure
dependent variables?