Immune-mediated inner ear disease is characterized by rapidly progressive hearing loss and vertigo in both ears. It can lead to irreversible damage within days. Autoimmune inner ear disease is a rare inflammatory condition where the immune system attacks the inner ear, causing hearing loss and dizziness. Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and fullness. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most common cause of vertigo and involves brief episodes of dizziness triggered by changes in head position.

1. Disease of Inner Ear
Rogayn Almbarak
karganda Medical University

3. • Immune-mediated inner ear disease is
characterized by the presence of
rapidly progressive, often bilateral
SNHL, and frequently by vertigo,
tinnitus, and a sense of aural fullness,
sometimes indistinguishable from
Menière's disease at the beginning.
Immune-mediated inner ear disease
usually leads to irreversible damage
within hours or days of the onset and
involves both ears, often
asynchronously.

4. • Inner Ear Conditions :-
• Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease (AIED)
• This is an inflammatory condition of the inner
ear that occurs when the body’s immune
system attacks cells in the inner ear,
mistaking them for virus or bacteria. Prompt
diagnosis and treatment from the ENT
specialists at Coastal is important for long-
term success. Over half of AIED patients have
a combination of hearing loss and dizziness.
Fortunately, the condition is rare, accounting
for less than 1% of hearing loss or dizziness
cases.

5. • 1-Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner
ear that can lead to dizzy spells (vertigo) and
hearing loss. In most cases, Meniere's
disease affects only one ear.
• Meniere's disease can occur at any age, but it
usually starts between young and middle-aged
adulthood. It's considered a chronic condition,
but various treatments can help relieve
symptoms and minimize the long-term impact
on your life.

6. • Symptoms
• Signs and symptoms of Meniere's disease include:
• Recurring episodes of vertigo. You have a
spinning sensation that starts and stops
spontaneously. Episodes of vertigo occur without
warning and usually last 20 minutes to several
hours, but not more than 24 hours. Severe vertigo
can cause nausea.
• Hearing loss. Hearing loss in Meniere's disease
may come and go, particularly early on. Eventually,
most people have some permanent hearing loss.

7. • Ringing in the ear (tinnitus). Tinnitus is the
perception of a ringing, buzzing, roaring,
whistling or hissing sound in your ear.
• Feeling of fullness in the ear. People with
Meniere's disease often feel pressure in an
affected ear (aural fullness).

8. • Inner ear and balance
• Semicircular canals and otolith organs — the
utricle and saccule — in your inner ear contain
fluid and fine, hairlike sensors that help you
keep your eyes focused on a target when your
head is in motion and assist in helping you
maintain your balance.

10. • Causes :-
• Inner ear and balance
• The cause of Meniere's disease is unknown.
Symptoms of Meniere's disease appear to be
the result of an abnormal amount of fluid
(endolymph) in the inner ear, but it isn't clear
what causes that to happen.

11. • Improper fluid drainage, perhaps because of a
blockage or anatomic abnormality
• Abnormal immune response
• Viral infection
• Genetic predisposition

12. • What is the most common inner ear disorder?
• Common inner ear balance disorders include:
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV),
also known as positional vertigo, is a dizzy or
spinning sensation in your head, and is the
most common type of vertigo.

13. • Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
is one of the most common causes of
vertigo — the sudden sensation that you're
spinning or that the inside of your head is
spinning. BPPV causes brief episodes of mild
to intense dizziness. It is usually triggered by
specific changes in your head's position.

15. • Symptoms
• The signs and symptoms of benign paroxysmal
positional vertigo (BPPV) may include:
• Dizziness
• A sense that you or your surroundings are
spinning or moving (vertigo)
• A loss of balance or unsteadiness
• Nausea
• Vomiting

16. • Risk factors
• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
occurs most often in people age 50
and older, but can occur at any age.
BPPV is also more common in women
than in men. A head injury or any other
disorder of the balance organs of your
ear may make you more susceptible to
BPPV.

18. • Diagnosis
• Your doctor may do a series of tests to determine the
cause of your dizziness. During a physical exam, your
doctor will likely look for:
• Signs and symptoms of dizziness that are prompted
by eye or head movements and then decrease in less
than one minute
• Dizziness with specific eye movements that occur
when you lie on your back with your head turned to
one side and tipped slightly over the edge of the
examination bed
• Involuntary movements of your eyes from side to side

19. • Electronystagmography (ENG) or
videonystagmography (VNG).
• The purpose of these tests is to detect
abnormal eye movement. ENG (which uses
electrodes) or VNG (which uses small cameras)
can help determine if dizziness is due to inner
ear disease by measuring involuntary eye
movements while your head is placed in
different positions or your balance organs are
stimulated with water or air.

21. • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
• This test uses a magnetic field and radio waves to
create cross-sectional images of your head and
body. Your doctor can use these images to identify
and diagnose a range of conditions. MRI may be
performed to rule out other possible causes of
vertigo.

22. • Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo may go
away on its own within a few weeks or
months. But, to help relieve BPPV sooner,
your doctor, audiologist or physical therapist
may treat you with a series of movements
known as the canalith repositioning
procedure.
• Canalith repositioning
• Performed in your doctor's office, the canalith
repositioning procedure consists of several
simple and slow maneuvers for positioning
your head. The goal is to move particles from
the fluid-filled semicircular canals of your
inner ear into a tiny baglike open area
(vestibule) that houses one of the otolith
organs in your ear, where these particles

23. • Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo may go
away on its own within a few weeks or
months. But, to help relieve BPPV sooner,
your doctor, audiologist or physical therapist
may treat you with a series of movements
known as the canalith repositioning
procedure.

24. • Rogayn Almbarak
• Group 4032
• Thank you for attention ..!