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Theology of the Pentateuch.pptx
1. Theology of the Pentateuch:
An Introduction
Pst Chukwuemeka Opara
2. 1. Theological Overviews
2. Theological Outlines
3. Theological Outcomes
The following slides engage in an exploration of
the theology found within the corpus of the
Pentateuch. As learned earlier, the Pentateuch is
foundational to the understanding of concepts
such as the nature of God, the human condition
and the relationship between God and humanity.
These concepts are explored as listed. Let us begin
5. the first book of the Bible and contains foundational
material for Jewish and Christian theology, both
historic and contemporary It is written by Moses
and records God's creation of the world and His love
for all that He created. The book of Genesis is a rich
source of theological themes and messages.
6. .1. Introduces God
2 . Introduces the problem of Sin
3. Introduces God's solution to the problem of Sin
4. Introduces the concept of Covenant
5. Introduces the Concept of 2 kinds of Human Beings
7. God
God is the primary character in the book of
Genesis, and virtually every characteristic of God
that is found in the Old Testament is present here⁴.
God is seen to be present and active
God is shown to be sovereign
8. Sin
A rebellion against the urpose of God
A separation from the presence of God
A hindrance from the promises of God
10. The Concept of Covenant
Covenants as captured in Genesis are signatures of God's faithfulness even in the
presence of human failure. Each of the covenants in Genesis show that God desires to
faithfully bless humanity, and that unlike faltering humans, God faithfully fulfills the
promises he makes to bless his people, especially when circumstances appear most
unfavorable.
1. Covenant according to Nature
2. Covenant according to Relationship
12. Bibliography
(1) the theology of the book of genesis - Cambridge University Press ....
https://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/66316/frontmatter/9780521866316_frontmatter.pdf.
(2) Genesis Summary - Bible Hub. https://biblehub.com/summary/genesis/.
(3) Theological Themes in Genesis - Enter the Bible.
https://enterthebible.org/courses/genesis/lessons/theological-themes-in-genesis.
(4) (PDF) A Theology of Genesis | Andreaz Hedén - Academia.edu.
https://www.academia.edu/25958574/A_Theology_of_Genesis.
(5) The Theology of the Book of Genesis - Cambridge University Press ....
https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/theology-of-the-book-of-
genesis/FD8D9B82E904E55D1424583B423B68F1
14. The **Book of Exodus** is rich in theology. It reveals the disclosure of God from a distant
deity of an oppressed people in Egypt to one in intimate relationship with the people of
Israel on their way to the promised land¹.
15. The theological significance of
Exodus is best understood when
its literary development is
considered, as the revelation of
God unfolds in different ways
throughout the book.
16. The book begins with God delivering the Israelites from oppression in Egypt, which
leads to their responsibility as God's people¹. The first part takes place in Egypt, while
the second part begins and ends at Mount Sinai in the wilderness
17. The theological reflections in Exodus are profound. The book's main significance lies
in God's deliverance of Israel from Egyptian slavery, which forms the basis for
confessions of faith and corporate worship throughout the Old Testament. Almost
every part of the book yields reward to theological reflection.
19. In Exodus 40, Moses sets up and prepares the
tabernacle for the Lord, leading directly to His
habitation there in the form of His "glory" that had
fire in it by night¹.
20. The "glory" cloud and fire
form an envelope around the
tabernacle, and are pointers
to God's presence amongst
his people
21. Bibliography
(1) Exodus, Theology of - Bible Meaning & Definition - Baker's Dictionary.
https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionaries/bakers-evangelical-dictionary/exodus-
theology-of.html.
(2) The Theology of Exodus | Theology | Today in the Word.
https://www.todayintheword.org/issues/2019/10/theology-matters/.
(3) Introduction to the Book of Exodus - Learn Religions.
https://www.learnreligions.com/book-of-exodus-701144.
(4) The Theology of the Book of Exodus: A Reflection on Exodus 12:12.
https://preachingsource.com/journal/the-theology-of-the-book-of-exodus-a-reflection-on-
exodus-1212/.
23. The Book of Leviticus is one of the most intensely theological books of the Old
Testament. It contains the core of the priestly ritual material of the Pentateuch and, in
fact, the entire Old Testament.
24. The regulations are often quite specific and detailed, being tied to the very fabric of
personal and communal life in ancient Israel, but always from a markedly priestly
point of view¹. The laws in this book carry deep theological impact for both the Old
Testament and the New Testament. They cover various aspects such as holiness,
purity, sacrificial atonement, and forgiveness.
25. Theologically, the book of Leviticus is centered around the presence of God, and what
humans must do to accommodate this presence continually. Exodus ends with God
coming down to dwell with his people through the Shekina-Glory over the
mercylocated in the place of meeting - the Tabernacle.. However, Exodus ends with a
Problem. When Moses the representative of man to God tried to enter, to meet with
God, he could not
And it is on this note that Leviticus begins. God begins to give Moses instructions
regarding what he needs to do
27. God's demand for holiness in His people is based on His own holy nature². Holiness
must be maintained before God, and it can only be attained through a proper
atonement².
The book communicates that the lives of God's people should be marked by holy
living and spiritual growth³.
28. Bibliography
(1) Leviticus, Theology of - Bible Meaning & Definition - Baker's Dictionary.
https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionaries/bakers-evangelical-dictionary/leviticus-theology-of.html.
(2) Theological Themes in Leviticus - Enter the Bible.
https://enterthebible.org/courses/leviticus/lessons/theological-themes-in-leviticus.
(3) Summary of the Book of Leviticus - Bible Survey | GotQuestions.org.
https://www.gotquestions.org/Book-of-Leviticus.html.
(4) Book of Leviticus Overview - Insight for Living Ministries. https://insight.org/resources/bible/the-
pentateuch/leviticus.
(5) Book of Leviticus Introduction: A Guide for Holy Living - Learn Religions.
https://www.learnreligions.com/book-of-leviticus-701146.
30. Numbers, which emphasizes the interaction between the sovereign God and His
people as recent recipients of the covenant stipulations. Hence its importance to
theology cannot be over emphasized.
31. Numbers is a book of practical theology. It covers
Israel's thirty-eight-year wilderness period from the
second year after the exodus until the arrival at the
border of the promised land¹.
It emphasizes holiness and obedience to God's
commands.
It portrays God as a God of order, and Israel's
quick release from Egyptian bondage into an
unknown land necessitated a certain amount of
structure for the tribes and their families¹.
The distinction between the priests and Levites is
presented as the work of God, as is the selection of
seventy elders to lead the people¹.
32. Bibliography
(1) Numbers, Theology of - Bible Meaning & Definition - Baker's Dictionary.
https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionaries/bakers-evangelical-dictionary/numbers-theology-of.html.
(2) Summary of the Book of Numbers - Bible Survey | GotQuestions.org.
https://www.gotquestions.org/Book-of-Numbers.html.
(3) Direction: Theology of Numbers. https://directionjournal.org/29/1/theology-of-numbers.html.
(4) Introduction to the Book of Numbers - Learn Religions. https://www.learnreligions.com/book-of-
numbers-701116.
(5) The Book of Numbers - Agape Bible Study.
https://www.agapebiblestudy.com/Numbers/Numbers_Menu.php.
34. The book contains the central themes of Israel's faith and stresses the importance of
gratitude, obedience, and devotion to God¹
Deuteronomy is structured in a series of sermons explaining how Israel is to live
within the covenant in the Land of Canaan¹ This is to say that unlike other books of
the Pentateuch it is not a book aimed at Systematizing new aspects of theology. Rather,
it restates what is already known.
35. Character of God
The book emphasizes aspects of God's character,
such as His sole Godhead, spirituality, choice of
Israel, love, faithfulness, and redemption¹.
Election
Deuteronomy highlights Israel's election as God's
chosen people and their special relationship with
Him
36. Covenant
The book explores the covenant between God and
Israel, emphasizing the importance of loyalty and
obedience to God's commandments
Law
Deuteronomy contains laws and regulations that
guide Israel's conduct and worship
37. Sin
The book addresses the perils of idolatry and
emphasizes the need for Israel to avoid false gods
Repentance
Deuteronomy encourages repentance and turning
back to God after disobedience or straying from
His ways
38. Eschatology:
While not extensively discussed,
Deuteronomy touches on eschatological
themes related to blessings and curses
based on faithfulness or disobedience to
God's commands
39. Bibliography
(1) Some Theological Concepts in the Book of Deuteronomy.
https://preachingsource.com/journal/some-theological-concepts-in-the-book-of-deuteronomy/.
(2) Conclusions from the Book of Deuteronomy | Theology of Work.
https://www.theologyofwork.org/old-testament/deuteronomy-and-work/conclusions-from-the-book-of-
deuteronomy.
(3) Deuteronomy | Ancient Hebrew Law, Moses & Covenant | Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Deuteronomy.
(4) Deuteronomy, Theology of - Bible Meaning & Definition - Baker's Dictionary.
https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionaries/bakers-evangelical-dictionary/deuteronomy-theology-
of.html.
42. The Making of God's Chosen Vessels
How it all Began Genesis 1-2:3
The Purpose of Man Genesis 2:4- 25
The Failure of Man Genesis 3-6
An Example of God's Judgment Genesis 7
An Example of God's Restoration Genesis 9 - He makes all things new
43. How it all Began Again
How Mankind Fails Again
Another Example of God's Judgment
Another Example of God's Restoration - A Prelude to the Call of Abraham
44. The Remaking of God's Chosen Vessels
The call of Abraham
The journey of Abraham
The Failure of Abraham
The Faithfulness of God
The Story of Isaac
45. The Making of God's Holy Nation
The call of Jacob
The journey of Jacob
Joseph choses to make a difference
The repentance of Judah and the persistence of Tamar ( the promise of a seed)
Israel Goes to Egypt
The Hope of a Future
47. The Redemption from Egypt Chapters 1-19
The Revelation and Reception of the Law Chapters 20-31 (moral & instructions for the
tabernacle & clothing)
The Response of God's People Chapters 32-40 (initially bad,then good)
49. Rites for Becoming Holy
The Sacrifices 1-7
Burnt Offering 1
Grain Offering 2
Peace Offering 3
Sin Offering 4 (sin against God)
Trespass Offering 5-6:7 (In Hebrew Scripture the
chapter break is after 6:7) (sin against self or
others)
Attending regulations 6:8-chp. 7
The Priesthood 8-10
Consecration 8
Beginning 9
Conduct 10 (Nadab and Abihu
50. Rites for Restoring Holiness
Physical Defilement 11-15
Foods 11
Childbirth 12
Disease 13-15
Day of Atonement 16
Defilement by Conduct 17-20
Sacrifices and blood 17
Sexual 18
Miscellaneous 19
Death Penalty 20
Priests and sacrifices 21-22
51. Rites for Fellowship with God
The Feasts 23
Provisions for the Tabernacle 24:1-9
Blasphemy and retribution 24:10-23 (mixed son)
Seventh Year and Jubilee 25
Blessings and Cursings 26
Laws of Redemption 27
53. Stationed at Sinai
The First Numbering chapters 1-3
The Levitical Duties chapter 4
Purity chapter 5
Nazarite chapter 6
Offerings of Leaders chapter 7
Cleansing the Levites chapter 8
Second Passover chapter 9
54. Stumbling in Disobedience
Departure from Sinai chapter 10
Complaint of Israel chapter 11
Complaint of Aaron and Miriam chapter 12
Spies – chapter 13
Revolt chapter 14
Laws of sacrifice and sin chapter 15
55. Rebellion of Korah chapter 16
Aaron’s Rod chapter 17
Priests duties and offerings chapter 18
Purification procedures chapter 19
Striking the rock & death of Aaron chapter 20
The Canaanites, the bronze serpent, and Sihon & Og chapter 21
Balak & Balaam chapters 22-24
Israel’s failure chapter 25
56. Sanctified by Grace
Second Numbering chapter 26
Inheritance and Joshua chapter 27
Offerings chapters 28-29
Vows chapter 30
Revenge on the Midianites Chapter 31
57. Tribes east of the Jordan chapter 32
Review of the Journey chapter 33
Boundaries of Canaan chapter 34
Special Cities chapter 35
Marriage & Inheritance chapter 36
60. Merciful Reminders
The Great Commandments 5-6
The Great Relationship between God and Israel 7-11
The Many Commandments 12-26
61. Drawing the Curtains Close
Curses and Blessings 27-30
A Look to the Future 31
A Song for the Future 32
A Final Blessing 33
The Death of a Great Man 34
63. Theological Applications for Today
Assignment:
From your understanding of each of the books, what are the theological applications of
the Narrative of the Pentateuch for God's people today?
