3. TECHNIQUES FOR OBTAINING BIOLOGIC
SPECIMENS
• COLLECTION OF SPUTUM.
• PERCUTANIOUS NEEDLE ASPIRATION.
• THORACENTESIS.
• BRONCHOSCOPY.
4. TECHNIQUES SOME OF WHICHINVOLVE
DIRECT VISUALIZATION OF PART OF
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• FLEXIBLE FIBEROPTIC BRONCHOSCOPY.
• VIDEO-ASSISTED THORACIC SURGERY.
• THORACOTOMY.
• MEDIASTINOSCOPY AND MEDIASTINOTOMY.