When white light passes through a prism, it refracts and separates into the visible color spectrum of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. This document discusses the refraction of light through prisms and how it leads to the observation of the color spectrum, provides a link on how to make a rainbow, and clarifies that rainbows are produced by the reflection and refraction of sunlight through water droplets, not a single droplet.