2. WHAT IS ACTIVE POLLUTION?
• Radioactive pollution can be
defined as the emission of high
energy particles or radioactive
substance into air, water or land
due to human activities in the
form of radioactive waste.
3. CAUSES OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION
• Production of nuclear fuel
• Nuclear power reactors
• Use of Radio nuclides in industries for
various applications
• Nuclear tests carried out by Defense
Personnel
• Disposal of nuclear waste
• Uranium Mining
4. NUCLEAR REACTOR ACCIDENTS
Almost 99 such nuclear
accidents have been
occur through out
worldwide.
56 of 99,have been
occurred only in USA.
5. Kyshtym, Russia (former Soviet Union) –
29,september,1957 (INES Level 6)
200 people died on direct radiation and almost 8000 people died in 32
years of this nuclear accidents
6. MAJAR NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS.
• Three Mile
Island, United States
– 28 March, 1979
(INES Level 5)
• one of the elements
of the power plant’s
system malfunctioned
.
7. Chernobyl, Ukraine (former Soviet Union) –
26,april,1986 (INES Level 7)
a series of events led to the explosion of the reactor number four at the
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
8. Fukushima, Japan –11,march 2011 (INES Level 7)
9.0 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Japan. The resulting
tsunami (49 feet tall) hit the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant 51 and
experienced meltdown.
9. NUCLEAR BOMBS
• Radioactive pollution that is spread
through the earth’s atmosphere is called
“Fallout”
• The best example of fallout is the nuclear
bomb attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
Japan in 1945 by United States of America
during world war 2.
10. August 6, 1945, Hiroshima
directly killing an estimated 80,000 people. By the end of the year, injury
and radiation brought total casualties to 90,000–140,000
11. On August 9, 1945, Nagasaki
Almost 75,000 people died and more affected by radiation.
12. Effects of Radiation Exposure on Human Health
• Although a dose of just 25 rems causes some
detectable changes in blood, doses to near
100 rems usually have no immediate harmful
effects. Doses above 100 rems cause the first
signs of radiation sickness including:
– nausea
– vomiting
– headache
– some loss of white blood cells
13. Effects of Radiation Exposure on Human Health
• Doses of 300 rems or more cause temporary
hair loss, but also more significant internal
harm, including damage to nerve cells and
the cells that line the digestive tract. Severe
loss of white blood cells, which are the body's
main defense against infection, makes
radiation victims highly vulnerable to disease.
Radiation also reduces production of blood
platelets, which aid blood clotting, so victims
of radiation sickness are also vulnerable to
hemorrhaging.
14. Effects of Radiation Exposure on Human Health
• Half of all people exposed to 450 rems
die, and doses of 800 rems or more are
always fatal. Besides the symptoms
mentioned above, these people also suffer
from fever and diarrhea. As of yet, there is no
effective treatment--so death occurs within
two to fourteen days.
• In time, for survivors, diseases such as
leukemia (cancer of the blood), lung
cancer, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, and
cancers of other organs can appear due to
the radiation received. Even genetic
disorders.
