2. “Portrait of a Man said to be Columbus” (1519) by Sebastiano del Piombo

5. “First Images of America:
Castles in Hispaniola”
Woodcut from Columbus letter of 1493

6. Columbus at Hispaniola (1493)
Woodcut (Basel, Switzerland)

7. The Indigenous peoples:
“no tienenhierroniaceroniarmas . . . son muytemorosos a maravilla”
“se haráncristianos, que se inclinan al amor y al servicio de SusAltezas…”
“nosdar de lascosasque [t]ienen en abundancia”

8. “es el lugarmásconvenible y mejorcomarcaparalas minas de oro”
“tornándosetantos pueblos a nuestrasantafe”
“todos los critstianostendránaquírefrigerio y ganacia”

9. “The Return of Christopher Columbus” (1839) by Eugene Delacroix

10. Portrait of Hernán Cortés (17th century) MuseoNacional del Virreinato (Mexico)

12. Indian labor:
-Decline in population
-Royal Laws to protect the Indigenous
peoples (1530, 1534, 1542)
Black labor: from 1518

13. 1. Peninsulares
2. Creoles
3. Mestizos
4. Mulattoes and Free Black Peoples
5. Indigenous Peoples
6. Black Slaves

14. Castas painting,
Mexico, 18th century,
unknown author,
MuseoNacional del
Virreinato

15. “Allegory of Spanish and Indigenous Authorities” (1809) in Mexico.
by Patricio Suarez de Peredo