1. The Greco-Romans “Astronomy compels the soul to look upwards and leads us from this world to another.” -Plato (Greek Philosopher) Allison Miller, Nicholas Leffler. Lauren Crawford, Sterling Conyers
2. ~Gods~ There are a group of gods and Goddesses shared by the Greeks and Romans, only they have different names for each God. Rome adopted the gods from the Greeks. University of Cumbria. "Greco-Roman Religion." RE-XS for Higher Education. PHILTAR. Web. 12 Sept. 2011. <http://www.philtar.ac.uk/encyclopedia/europe/grecorom.html>.
3. ~Followers~ Most Greeks and Romans During this Era followed the Greco-roman religion. Some of the Greco- Roman Philosophers include: 5th century BCE: -Socrates -Plato -Democritus 4th Century BCE: -Aristotle Picture: http://schoolworkhelper.net/2011/02/aristotle-vs-plato-view-of-‘substance’/ Gill, N. S. "Timeline of Greek and Roman Philosophers." Ancient / Classical History - Ancient Greece & Rome & Classics Research Guide. About.com, 2011. Web. 12 Sept. 2011. <http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/greekphilosophy/a/TimeLPhilosophr.htm>.
4. ~Basic Beliefs~ fate and destiny -Gods and all living things were at the hands of faith and destiny 4 divine beings caused the creation of the earth: -Chaos -the Abyss -Gaea -Eros Spirits, Monsters, and other mythological beings roamed the earth ex. Amazons, Keres (evil female spirits), Medusa, Satyrs, Centaurs, sirens, and Typhon (represents disorder and devastation) Purpose in life was to believe in the gods and pay homage to them with sacrifices and prayers The world was viewed as a flat disk and it had a soul “Overview of Greek Religion.” Religion Facts. Blue Host, 20 Jan 2005. Web. 8 Sep 2011. <http://www.religionfacts.com/greco-roman/overview.htm>
5. ~Basic Beliefs~ Death and the afterlife: -Death was not a glorious thing -Hades was the universal destination of the dead -Tartarus: a place in Hades where the wicked sinners are sent and all the monsters and other cruel beasts were casts when defying the gods. -Elysium: the nicest part of Hades, where the brave and good (a select few) were sent after death. -Reincarnation was a major widespread belief in Greco-roman philosophy “The glorious gifts of the gods are not to be cast aside.” -Homer, The Iliad Picture: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eUmD6Jn9hTk/Tc8gyZGKe7I/AAAAAAAAAPA/nszA7VMHSis/s1600/jan+brugel+persenphone+hades+orpheus.jpg “Greco Roman Religious Beliefs.” Religion Facts. 4/12/2007. Web. 11 Sep 2011. <http://www.religionfacts.com.greco-roman/beliefs.htm>
6. ~Rituals~ “A Sacrifice without prayer is thought to be useless and not a proper consultation of the Gods.” -Pliny the Elder Greeks: Altars used for most religious practices Food, wine, and precious objects were left as sacrifices The relationship between mortals and gods Based on exchange Gods gave gifts, worshippers left sacrifices to thank the gods Religious Festivals Sports were played as a way to entertain the gods Based on time-honored observances Rooted in the Bronze Age (3000-1050 BCE) ~And Holidays~ Picture: http://lavistachurchofchrist.org/images/GreekSacrifice.jpg Hemingway, Colette; Hemingway, Sean. “Greek Gods and Religious Practices.” Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. October 2003. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/grlg/hd_grlg.htm
7. ~Rituals~ Romans: -All Sacrifices and offerings needed to be followed by a prayer in order to be effective. -Spoken Prayer was the most powerful religious action, and correct praying guidelines/ components were key -Formulaic Prayer: the person praying merely chose to recite a prayer that had a specific purpose. -Prayed and made sacrifices for protection or good traveling before setting off on a journey. -In times of crisis (i.e. a natural disaster), mass prayers would be decreed by city officials and citizens would pray for the crisis to be solved. -Sacrifices: -Increased the power of deities and mainly consisted of livestock and plants. -Daily sacrifices made to household guardian deities and were performed in daylight. -Human sacrifice was very rare but extremely frowned upon. ~And Holidays~ Hemingway, Colette; Hemingway, Sean. “Greek Gods and Religious Practices.” Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. October 2003. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/grlg/hd_grlg.htm
8. The social status of Women was very low Aristotle's main thrust was to explain the nature of things from they are seen to be, and deduced women’s inferiority by nature. Women's inferiority lies in a defect When a man and a woman have intercourse, the man supplies the substance of a human being (the soul, i.e. the form), the woman only the nourishment (the matter). Limitations of Women: -Confined within the parental home until a husband was chosen for her (which would be around the age of mid-teen) -Of many Daughters in a family, only one of them was likely to be fully raised; the others would be kicked out of the household and would die or be forced Into slavery -Social Events run by men were completely off limit to women -Women were often Raped ~The Role of Women~ Image: http://www.stockphotopro.com/photo-thumbs-2/A38FCX.jpg "Greek Philosophy on the Inferiority of Women." Transfer. Web. 10 Sept. 2011. <http://www.womenpriests.org/traditio/infe_gre.asp>.
9. Philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle wrote major texts that show fine examples of the Greco-Roman Philosophy: Aristophanes (c.445-c.385 BCE) Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): The Symposium Peripatetics ~Major Texts~ Xenophon Picture: http://www.armenian-history.com/Nyuter/HISTORY/ArmeniaBC/pictures/xenophon_picture.jpg "Internet History Sourcebooks." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 09 Sept. 2011. <http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook07.asp#Philosophy>. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Web. 09 Sept. 2011. <http://www.iep.utm.edu/>.
10. The school’s that Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle founded served as the missionary outreach for the youth of Greece No known Missionary/ outreach in Rome ~Missionary/ outreach work until 600 C.E.~
