Graphene is an atom-thick sheet of carbon that has a variety of applications. It is a multi-million dollar industry used in textiles, aeronautics, and electronics. Graphene can be produced through chemical vapor deposition, mechanical peeling, and growth on silicon carbide. Companies are investing heavily in research to develop technologies like denim jeans that use graphene's properties to regulate temperature. Graphene costs over $3,500 per gram and has potential uses in semiconductors, energy storage, batteries, and transistors.