Cast nylon is produced by melting caprolactam and catalysts in exact proportions and casting it into heated molds. During polymerization, the material undergoes a density change and shrinks by 15%, allowing it to be easily removed from the molds. Caprolactam has a density of 1.0 like water before melting, and the resulting cast nylon has a higher density of 1.15 due to the chemical reaction that occurs during casting.