During the Ottoman period, rulers and palace women wore elaborate clothes made from precious fabrics like silk and gold. Rulers wore a kavuk hat and caftan over shirt and pants, while women in the palace wore long dresses under caftans along with hoods and gold belts decorated with stones. Common women in Anatolia wore simpler wool outfits, and styles varied across the vast Ottoman Empire, with men sometimes wearing shalwar, fez and turbans.