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Chapter 21: School Health

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Chapter Highlights
• Historical perspectives of school health
• Components and organization of school health programs
• School health scope of services
• Health assessment of school-aged children
• Common health concerns in schools

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School Health Nursing
• Specialized practice of professional nursing that advances
the well-being, academic success, and lifelong
achievement of students

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Question
Is the following statement True or False?
Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment
(EPSDT)—program mandated by a state laws passed in
1969, which required that children and adolescents
younger than 21 years of age have access to the periodic
screenings in several states

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Answer
False
Rationale: Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and
Treatment (EPSDT)—program mandated by a federal law
passed in 1969, which required that children and
adolescents younger than 21 years of age have access to
the periodic screenings

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Historical Perspectives
• Since the passage of PL 94-142 in 1975, school nurses
provide more complex care for conditions such as
– Seizures
– Asthma
– Cardiac conditions
– Cystic fibrosis
– Quadriplegia
– Life-threatening allergies

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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
• Wide-ranging federal legislation enacted in 1990 that is
intended to make American society more accessible to
people with disabilities.

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Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and
Treatment (EPSDT)
• Program mandated by a federal law passed in 1969,
which required that children and adolescents younger
than 21 years of age have access to the periodic
screenings

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
(IDEA)
• Federal law enacted in 1990 and reauthorized in 1997
designed to protect the rights of students with disabilities
by ensuring that everyone receives a free appropriate
public education, regardless of ability.
• IDEA strives to grant equal access to students with
disabilities and to provide additional special education
services and procedural safeguards.

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Role of the School Nurse
• Health assessment
• Health promotion and assessment of school health needs
– Data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance
Survey (YRBSS can be used by the school nurse as a
tool for monitoring trends both locally and nationally.
– There are online clearinghouses of school-based,
evidence-based programs for the prevention of
common health risk behaviors.

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Common Health Concerns
• Drugs and alcohol
• Smoking
• Sexual behavior and teenage pregnancy
• Sexually transmitted infections
• Nutrition
• Violence

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The School Nurse as a Child Advocate
• Collaboration
• Policy making

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The Future of School Health:
The Community School Model
The future of school nursing is providing a prevention
framework that links the community and the school.
Collaborative design that uses the resources of a
community to provide structured preventive services
such as after-school programs, parent outreach, and
crisis intervention.