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Microfinance & ICICI Bank June 2007
Agenda Microfinance Institutions (MFIs)  Way Forward Financial Intermediation Models Microfinance: An Overview
Microfinance vs Microlending โ€œ Poor people borrow some of the time but save  all  of the timeโ€ Very Poor People who have few (if any) assets โ€“ very limited chances to earn money credit savings Entrepreneurial Poor Self Employed Poor Laboring Poor Very Poor The Poverty Pyramid Entrepreneurial Poor  People who are slightly below the poverty line.  Laboring Poor Farm laborers, domestics and unemployed workers Self-Employed Poor Poor people who are meeting their basic needs by running microbusinesses  *Source: FINCAโ€™s Poverty Pyramid insurance The need of customer is more than creditโ€ฆ.
Constraints to scaling  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Regulatory Issues Poorly functioning  Markets Staff Incentives within organisations not aligned to maximise access to financial services for poor Provision of microfinance is constrained byโ€ฆ
Agenda Microfinance Institutions (MFIs)  MFIs โ€“ Financial Intermediation Models Way Forward Microfinance: An Overview
Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) Cooperatives/MACs/federations   Typical MicroFinance Institutions (MFIs) Multiservice NGOs & SHPIs  -  under NABARDโ€™s SHG Bank linkage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Self Help Group (SHG) -  Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Joint Liability Group (JLG) โ€“ Grameen Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],*Photograph: Swayam Krushi Sangam, Hyderabad
Agenda Microfinance Institutions (MFIs)  MFIs โ€“ Financial Intermediation Models Way Forward Microfinance: An Overview
Traditional models lack scalabilityโ€ฆ SHG-Bank Linkage Bank SHG Branch Bank-MFI Linkage MFI Bank Ind./SHG/JLG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],NGO
Hence, the ICICI Bank Partnership ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Structure separates risk of the MFI from risk of the portfolio ICICI Bank MFIs
Moving on โ€“ Buyouts:  Credit  Enhancement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Structure
Agenda Microfinance Institutions (MFIs)  MFIs โ€“ Financial Intermediation Models Way Forward Microfinance: An Overview
Large geographic asymmetries existโ€ฆ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],โ€ฆ Requires reduction of geographic asymmetries and increasing depth of outreachโ€ฆ
The Universe... The Universe... The Universe... Different resources required at different stages
Building Blocksโ€ฆ. MFI Model  Funds  Capital  Manpower Technology Training
The Resources Required... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Finance โ€“ bringing in risk equity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Take out finance model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Guarantees leveraged
Finance โ€“ access to secondary markets ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The entity provides quasi equity, credit enhancement and technical & financial services to MFIs
And supporting systemsโ€ฆ Operational processes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Technology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Human Resourcesโ€ฆ Fresh passouts ,[object Object],[object Object],Building a pipeline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Lateral
Enhancing Skillsโ€ฆ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Staff Skills Product development
Building Capacitiesโ€ฆ Mentoring ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Initiatives promoting long term sectoral growthโ€ฆ
Beyond  Microcredit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thank you

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06

  • 1. Microfinance & ICICI Bank June 2007
  • 2. Agenda Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) Way Forward Financial Intermediation Models Microfinance: An Overview
  • 3. Microfinance vs Microlending โ€œ Poor people borrow some of the time but save all of the timeโ€ Very Poor People who have few (if any) assets โ€“ very limited chances to earn money credit savings Entrepreneurial Poor Self Employed Poor Laboring Poor Very Poor The Poverty Pyramid Entrepreneurial Poor People who are slightly below the poverty line. Laboring Poor Farm laborers, domestics and unemployed workers Self-Employed Poor Poor people who are meeting their basic needs by running microbusinesses *Source: FINCAโ€™s Poverty Pyramid insurance The need of customer is more than creditโ€ฆ.
  • 4.
  • 5. Agenda Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) MFIs โ€“ Financial Intermediation Models Way Forward Microfinance: An Overview
  • 6.
  • 7.
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  • 9. Agenda Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) MFIs โ€“ Financial Intermediation Models Way Forward Microfinance: An Overview
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. Agenda Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) MFIs โ€“ Financial Intermediation Models Way Forward Microfinance: An Overview
  • 14.
  • 15. The Universe... The Universe... The Universe... Different resources required at different stages
  • 16. Building Blocksโ€ฆ. MFI Model Funds Capital Manpower Technology Training
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  • 24.

Editor's Notes

  1. Against an estimate demand of Rs. 20,000 crore to Rs. 50,000 crore for credit, the supply from financial sources was less than Rs. 2500 crores Traditionally, it has been believed that the poor are not bankable. The main reasons relate to Lack of information on the income flows and expenditure patterns of households (which makes it difficult to assess whether the individual will be able to pay for the services. E.g. in the urban retail client some indicators used are salary slip, income tax return, ownership of assets, number of family members, etc.) The costs of reaching services is very large. E.g. SHARE one of the largest micro finance organisations in the county employs over 3000 people to service a portfolio of Rs. 2000 million. Banks typically handle much larger amounts per individual (ICICI Bank has a 5 person micro-finance team that handles Rs. 4000 million) The absence of facilitative environment such as absence of well functioning commodity markets, non existence of credit bureaus, etc. act as a hindrance. Indian regulations do not permit MFIs to collect savings. However, the FMโ€™s in his budget speech has allowed Banking Correspondents.
  2. It is an attempt to marry the bankโ€™s strength and the MFI s weaknesses and viceversa FLDG
  3. We donโ€™t just find mature MFIS
  4. HR thro micro financejos.com