Exploring Effective Seed Treatment Methods for Controlling Seed-Borne Diseases in Tomato Cultivation

1. DEPARTMENT OF SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
SIKSHA ‘O’ ANUSANDHAN (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)
BHUBANESWAR - 751003
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. Chakradhar Patra
Associate Professor
Dept. of Seed Science and Technology
PREPARED & PRESENTED BY:
Sahil Sahu
Regd. No.- 2161920003
M.Sc. (Ag) 1st Year
DIFFERENT SEED TREATMENT METHODS USED FOR
CONTROLLING SEED BORNE DISEASES IN TOMATO
SUBJECT – SEED QUALITY TESTING (SST-507)

2. DIFFERENT SEED TREATMENT METHODS USED FOR
CONTROLLING SEED BORNE DISEASES IN TOMATO

3. INTRODUCTION
•Seed-borne diseases assumed greater importance to seed industries.
•Pathogens in seeds cause seed rots, seedling deterioration, pre- and post-
emergence mortalities, abnormalities, discolouration, reduced seed size, and
seed shrivelledness.
•The seed-borne pathogens not only affect the market value but also the nutritive
value of the products.

4. SEED TREATMENT
Seed treatment is a physical, biological or chemical process
designed to mitigate external or internal seed-borne
microorganisms resulting in the emergence of healthy
seedlings and subsequently healthy parts.

5. SEED TREATMENT HISTORY
Seed treatment is practiced for
the prevention of seed-borne
diseases about 400 years ago.
One of the earliest recorded was
the dipping of cereal seeds in
salt brine solution during the
17th century to prevent bunt
and smut in wheat.

6. SEED BORNE DISEASES
•The establishment of pathogen
in, on and with the seed.
•Pathogens attack seeds:
If the mother plant is infected
During processing
During storage
During transportation

7. SEED BORNE PATHOGENS MAY CAUSE:
Reduction of crop yield
Loss of germination and vigour
Discolouration and shrivelling
Biochemical change
Spread of pathogens in new areas
Development of plant diseases

8. SEED TREATMENT FOR SEED BORNE DISEASES
•Seed treatment – A process by which
seeds are treated with physical,
chemical or biological agents to
prevent disease.
•Types of seed treatment:
Physical seed treatment
Mechanical seed treatment
Biological seed treatment
Chemical seed treatment

9. PHYSICAL SEED TREATMENT
Hot water treatment- 42-50°C for
15-25 mins.
Advantages:
• Most effective.
• Kills diseases both inside and
outside.
• No residue.
Disadvantages:
• Can damage the seed.
• Requires an investment.

10. Aerated steam heat – A mixture
of air and steam is passed
through the seeds. It inactivates
the pathogens by denaturation of
metabolites and exhaustion of
reserve food.

11. Dry heat – Keeping seeds in heated
air at 70°C for 3-4 days prevent
mosaic disease. Less effective than
hot water treatment.
Solar heat – Sun drying of seeds kills
most of the pathogens.

12. MECHANICAL SEED TREATMENT
• Removal of fungal bodies like ergots, sclerotia and infected inert
matter from seeds.

13. BIOLOGICAL SEED TREATMENT
Trichoderma viridae Trichoderma
harzianum
Bacillus subtilis
Pseudomonas
fluorescens

14. CHEMICAL SEED TREATMENT
• Most used method due to its effectiveness and easy handling.
• Important chemicals used for seed treatment:
Technical Names Available formulation
Captan 50% WP
Carbendazim 50% WP
Deltamethrin 2.8% EC
Imidacloprid 70% WS, 48% FS
Metalaxyl 35% WS
Thiamethoxam 70% WS, 30% FS
Thiram 75% WS

15. AN IDEAL
CHEMICAL
Highly
effective
Harmless
Economic
Easy to
apply
Stable

16. SEED BORNE DISEASES IN TOMATO
SEED-BORNE
FUNGAL DISEASES
Fusarium Wilt
Early Blight
Septoria Leaf Spot
Phoma Rot
Late Blight
Anthracnose
SEED-BORNE
BACTERIAL DISEASES
Bacterial Wilt
Bacterial Leaf Spot
Bacterial Canker
SEED-BORNE VIRUS
DISEASES
Mosaic

17. Fusarium Wilt
• C.O.- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.
lycopersici
• Seed Treatment-
• With Organo essential oil and carvacrol
Early Blight
• C.O.- Alternaria linariae
• Seed Treatment:-
• With Mancozeb

18. Septoria Leaf Spot
• C.O.- Septoria lycopersici
• Seed Treatment-
• With Thiram @ 2.5g/Kg of seed.
Phoma Rot
• C.O.- Phoma destructive
• Seed Treatment:-
• With Organomercurial
• Hot water treatment @ 50°C for 25
mins.

19. Late Blight
• C.O.- Phytophthora infestans
• Seed Treatment-
• With Thiram @2-3 g/Kg seed.
Anthracnose
• C.O.- Colletotrichum coccodes
• Seed Treatment-
• Disease-free transplants.
• Fungicides also help to control.

20. Bacterial Wilt
• C.O.- Burkholderia solanacearum
• Seed Treatment-
• Apply Bleaching powder @ 10Kg/Ha
• Crop rotation is also effective.
• Hot water treatment.
Bacterial Leaf Spot
• C.O.- Xanthomonas campestris pv.
vesicatoria
• Seed Treatment-
• With Mercuric Chloride @ 1:1000
• Hot water treatment @ 50°C for 25
min.

21. Mosaic
• C.O.- Tomato Mosaic Virus (TMV)
• Seed Treatment-
• Soak seeds before sowing in
Trisodium phosphate 90g/l water
Bacterial Canker
• C.O.- Clavibacter michiganensis
pv. michiganensis
• Seed Treatment-
• Hot water treatment @ 50°C for 25
mins.
• Soak seeds in Streptocycline @ 1g/L
water.

22. CASE STUDIES

23. EFFECT OF HOT WATER TREATMENT ON BACTERIAL
SPECK OF TOMATO
Temp in °C for 30 min % Infection % Germination
Control 96.5 78.5
45 13.0 79.5
50 2.6 72.5
55 0.25 71.5
60 0.77 0
“Tomato seed treatments for the control of bacterial speck”, by Pyke N.B.

24. EFFECT OF STEAM AIR TREATMENT ON BACTERIAL SPECK
OF TOMATO
Temp in °C % Infection % Germination
Control 100 78
45 24.8 83
50 23.8 77.5
55 23.5 80.5
60 15 69
52.5 6 77
65 1.5 49
“Tomato seed treatments for the control of bacterial speck”, by Pyke N.B.

25. EFFECT OF BIO-CONTROL AGENTS ON FUNGAL DISEASES
OF TOMATO
Treatments Infection (%) Germination (%)
P. fluorescens @0.8% 14.00 92.00
P. fluorescens @0.8% + Jelly 10.00 98.33
P. fluorescens @0.8% + Vermiculite 12.33 95.33
P. fluorescens @0.8% + Coco peat 12.00 96.33
P. fluorescens @0.8% + Coir pith 13.33 94.00
T. harzianum @0.8% 14.67 91.67
T. harzianum @0.8% + Jelly 12.67 95.00
T. harzianum @0.8% + Vermiculite 13.67 92.67
T. harzianum @0.8% + Coco peat 11.33 97.00
T. harzianum @0.8% + Coir pith 15.33 91.33
Control 29.67 68.67
Biopriming: A novel seed treatment options to manage the seed-borne fungal infection of tomato by Jayashree Rajaput et.al

26. EFFECT OF SEED TREATING CHEMICALS ON TOMATO
SEEDS TO CONTROL EARLY BLIGHT AND FUSARIUM WILT
TREATMENTS
Fusarium wilt incidence (%) Early blight incidence (%)
45 DAS 60 DAS 30 DAS 45 DAS 60 DAS 90 DAS
ST with carbendazim +
mancozeb @ 0.3% and
hexaconazole @ 0.1% spray 8.24 10.18 15.11 9.97 12.73 16.13
ST with carboxin and thiram @
0.3% and hexaconazole @0.1%
spray 9.17 11.23 15.74 10.73 13.07 17.23
Control 18.98 21.75 28.44 22.20 24.20 34.57
Field Evaluation of Different Seed Treatments for the Management of Early Blight and Fusarium Wilt of Tomato (Solanum
lycopersicum Mill.), by Jayashree Rajaput et.al

27. CONCLUSION

28. REFERENCES:
•Tomato seed treatments for the control of bacterial speck by Pyke N.B. and et.al.
•Field Evaluation of Different Seed Treatments for the Management of Early Blight and Fusarium Wilt of
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) by Jayashree Rajaput and et.al.
•Biopriming: A novel seed treatment options to manage the seed-borne fungal infection of tomato by
Jayashree Rajaput by et.al.
•Seed borne diseases and management by Manju K.P.
•Diseases of Tomato by More D.R.
•Diseases of tomato and their management by Pandey P.
•http://www.pstu.ac.bd/files/materials/1541489541.pdf
•https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/common-diseases-of-tomatoes-part-i-diseases-caused-by-
fungi.html
•https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/common-diseases-of-tomatoes-part-ii-diseases-caused-by-
bacteria-viruses-and-nematodes.html
•https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/tomato-diseases-disorders/
•https://www.slideserve.com/yon/tomato-diseases