1. Big Era Three
Civilization
Farming and the Emergence
of Complex Societies
10,000 – 1,000 BCE.
1
2. Farming and
complex societies?
Where did they
come from?
I thought
we were still
hunting and
gathering!
2
3. Farming and …and changes
complex have always been
societies are the —and still are—
result of part of human
CHANGE… history.
Let’s look for
a minute at
the changes
that took
place in Big
Era Two.
Big Eras 3-9
Big Era 1
Big Era 2
200k yrs ago 10k years ago Today
3
4. You will
probably recall
that life
200,000 years
ago looked
something like
this.
Homo erectus doing lunch
Big Eras 3-9
Big Era 1 Human Origins
Big Era 2
200k yrs ago 10k years ago Today
4
5. 10,000 years ago at
the close of Big Era
Two, life looked more
like this:
Homo sapiens at home
Big Eras 3-9
Big Era 1 Human Origins
Big Era 2
200k yrs ago 10k years ago Today
5
6. Notice any
changes?
Homo erectus – 200,000 years ago
Would you say Homo sapiens – 10,000 years ago
there were:
(a) No changes?
(b) Some changes?
(c) Lots of changes?
6
7. If you said
there were If, on the other
“(c) Lots of hand, you chose
changes,” you “(a) No
were right. changes” or
“(b) Some
changes,” you
must have a
fever and are
delirious. (Hope
you feel better
soon!).
7
8. Hints
So, we will go with
“(c) Lots of
changes”, right? So, it’s
antelope
burgers
tonight, right?
Boomerang
Americas
Before moving
on, jot them
down.
8
9. Changes that occurred by the end of Big Era 2
(Beginning of Big Era 3)
1. Homo sapiens appear.
2. Language develops.
3. Habitats expand.
4. Technology multiplies.
5. Wall painting and
End of Big Era Two
sculpture are created.
(Beginning of
Big Era 3)
Big Eras 4-9
Big Era 2
Big Era 3
10,000 years ago 1,000 years ago Today
9
10. Keeping those changes
in mind, let’s look
at life all the way at the
end of Big Era Three, that
is, about 1,000 BCE.
Big Eras 4-9
Big Era 2
Big Era 3
10,000 years ago 1,000 years ago Today
10
11. Big Eras 4-9
Big Era 2
Big Era 3
10,000 years ago 1,000 years ago Today
11
13. So, how did we
get from…
HERE to HERE?
Jot down some
notes on what
events you think
might have
taken place
between 10,000
and 1,000 BCE.
13
14. One of the major changes is
the DOMESTICATION of…
animals and plants
Big Eras 4-9
Big Era 2
Big Era 3
10,000 years ago 1,000 years ago Today
14
15. Domestication of plants and animals
was a monumental change.
Have you ‘herd’
It resulted in the new way of about pastoralism?
living we know as
FARMING
(AGRICULTURE)…
…which included both
PASTORALISM
(herding sheep, goats, cattle,
horses, and camels),
and…
Big Eras 4-9
Big Era 2
Big Era 3
10,000 years ago 1,000 years ago Today
15
17. the development of…
FARMING
COMMUNITIES
Big Eras 4-9
Big Era 2
Big Era 3
10,000 years ago 1,000 years ago Today
17
18. Eastern North America
China
Fertile Crescent
Nile valley
West
Mesoamerica Africa New Guinea
Ethiopia
Andes Amazonia
Between about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farming
appeared INDEPENDENTLY in a number of places,
possibly in all of the places marked in red on the map.
Big Eras 4-9
Big Era 2
Big Era 3
10,000 years ago 1,000 years ago Today
18
19. Prior to farming,
population size in any
one area was limited
by the availability of wild
game, grain, berries,
seeds, and nuts. POPULATION
Farming and the large, INTENSIFICATION
relatively dependable
crops it provides That means
population
allowed for… increases in certain
areas. Population in
those areas became
both larger and
denser.
19
20. At the same time,
farmers in some
places were, in spite
of population growth,
able to produce
SURPLUS food.
What does
SURPLUS
FOOD
PRODUCTION
mean for a
society?
20
21. SURPLUS FOOD
PRODUCTION…
…means that not
everyone has to grow
food or tend animals.
They can take on other
tasks. They can
specialize in some non-
farming task.
21
22. This is called…
Job Specialization.
Men and women may
become:
• Weavers
• Stone Masons
• Potters
• Priests
• Scribes
• Traders
• Army officers
22
23. So, let’s have a
quick review of that
last sequence of
events.
23
24. Domestication of Plants and Animals
Farming
Population
Surplus Food Specialization
Intensification
Complex Society,
also known as
CIVILIZATION
Big Eras 4-9
Big Era 2
Big Era 3
10,000 years ago 1,000 years ago Today
24
25. Civilizations have a number
of elements in common.
You might want
to make a note
of these as we
go along.
Hint, hint!
25
26. 26
Answer: A civilization is a complex society.
Answer: A civilization is a complex society.
Write it down.
Remember it. that term?
it? Did you catch
define
Can you
Civilization
27. Elements of civilization include:
1) Cities
Mohenjo Daro
It’s the
law
2) Central governments
And Law codes
Hammurabi’s
Law Code
Pharaohs
27
28. Elements of Civilization include:
1) Cities
2) Central governments
and law codes 3) Writing and
record keeping
Can you identify
the society
represented
by each of these two
writing samples?
4) Highly organized religions
28
29. Elements of Civilization include:
1) Cities
2) Central Governments
and law codes
3) Writing and 5) Specialized Jobs
record keeping
4) Highly organized
religion
Full-time monk
6) Social Classes
Assyrian slaves
In Egypt
29
30. Elements of Civilization include:
1) Cities
2) Central governments
and law codes
7) Complex
3) Writing and
record keeping Technologies
4) Highly organized
religion
Chariot
5) Specialized jobs
6) Social classes
Bronze Sword
30
31. So, have you
been paying
attention
or doing a bit of
day dreaming?
Can you list
some of the Let’s
elements of a check!
civilization?
Clue:
There were
7!
31
32. Check your answers below:
Good job if your list includes:
1. Cities
2. Central governments and law codes
3. Writing and record-keeping
4. Specialized jobs
5. Social classes
6. Complex technologies
7. Highly organized religions
Good job,
huh?
32
33. By 3,000 BCE, societies in Southwest Asia and Egypt
were developing elements of complex societies.
Are we
supposed
to be taking
notes on this?
Big Eras 4-9
Big Era 2
Big Era 3
10,000 years ago 3,000 years ago 1,000 years ago Today
33
34. By the end of Big
Era Three, about
1000 BCE, there
were several well-
established
civilizations in
Afroeurasia.
There were
also two new
ones in the
Americas.
At least two civilizations in
Afroeurasia, the Minoan in the
Mediterranean region and the
Harappan in the Indus River valley
had already come and gone.
34
35. Now, looking back
over Big Era Three,
let’s review the
major changes.
Big Eras 4-9
Big Era 2
Big Era 3
10,000 years ago 1,000 years ago Today
35
36. Domestication of Plants and Animals
Farming
Population
Surplus Food Specialization
Intensification
Complex Society,
also known as
CIVILIZATION
Big Eras 4-9
Big Era 2
Big Era 3
10,000 years ago 1,000 years ago Today
36
37. That translates into:
Farmers
Herders
Cities
Central governments
Armies
Monumental buildings
Written language
Social hierarchies
Complex belief systems
In 10,000 BCE none of these existed in the world. By 1,000 BCE they all did.
37
38. Not only has life changed
culturally and
technologically, but also Letters and
the rate of change has envelopes
accelerated. Writing
Irrigation Pyramids
Wheel
Copper
Temple building
smelting Walled cities
. Dogs, sheep. goats, horses, wheat, rice, Plow farming Alphabet
chiles, potatoes—all domesticated
Chariots
Pottery 360-degree circle
Sailing technology
Law Codes
Regular trade routes Big
Eras
Bow & arrow 4-9
Big Era 1 Language Art Calendars
Big Era 2 BE3
10k years ago
200k yrs ago
1k years ago
Today
38
39. You may have noticed
that the difference
between the rate of
change in Big Era Two
and in Big Era Three is
enormous.
What factors Make a few
do you think notes and
might account discuss this
for this question with
increasing rate your teacher
of change? and fellow
students.
39
