SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 7
What is water quality management
In this file, you can ref useful information about what is water quality management such as what
is water quality managementforms, tools for what is water quality management, what is water
quality managementstrategies … If you need more assistant for what is water quality
management, please leave your comment at the end of file.
Other useful material for what is water quality management:
• qualitymanagement123.com/23-free-ebooks-for-quality-management
• qualitymanagement123.com/185-free-quality-management-forms
• qualitymanagement123.com/free-98-ISO-9001-templates-and-forms
• qualitymanagement123.com/top-84-quality-management-KPIs
• qualitymanagement123.com/top-18-quality-management-job-descriptions
• qualitymanagement123.com/86-quality-management-interview-questions-and-answers
I. Contents of what is water quality management
==================
The Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for Texas is a waste treatment plan required
under the Texas Water Code and the federal Clean Water Act .
The WQMP is tied to the State’s water quality assessments that identify priority water quality
problems. The WQMPs are used to direct planning for implementation measures that control
and/or prevent water quality problems. Several elements may be contained in the WQMP, such
as effluent limitations of wastewater facilities, total maximum daily loads (TMDLs), nonpoint
source management controls, identification of designated management agencies, and ground
water and source water protection planning. Some of these elements may be contained in
separate documents which are prepared independently of the current WQMP update process, but
may be referenced as needed to address planning for water quality control measures.
The Water Quality Division updates the WQMP on a quarterly basis with projected effluent
limits that may be used for water quality planning purposes in Texas Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (TPDES) permit actions. All applications for new and amended permits are
reviewed for conformance with applicable WQMP recommendations. WQMP updates only
involve the elements of the plan that require modification to account for changing circumstances,
conditions and program requirements. The elements of the WQMP that typically require revision
consist of effluent limits for TPDES permits, designation of management areas, service area
population for municipal wastewater facilities, and total maximum daily loads (TMDL’s).
Previously certified and approved water quality management plans remain in effect. The original
plan and its subsequent updates are collectively referred to as the State of Texas Water Quality
Management Plan.
After a public comment process and the TCEQ’s certification, the update is submitted to EPA
for approval as an update to the State’s WQMP. Upon EPA approval, the WQMP update
revisions officially become part of the WQMP for Texas. The process for updating the WQMP is
described in more detail in Series 6 of the Continuing Planning Process.
==================
III. Quality management tools
1. Check sheet
The check sheet is a form (document) used to collect data
in real time at the location where the data is generated.
The data it captures can be quantitative or qualitative.
When the information is quantitative, the check sheet is
sometimes called a tally sheet.
The defining characteristic of a check sheet is that data
are recorded by making marks ("checks") on it. A typical
check sheet is divided into regions, and marks made in
different regions have different significance. Data are
read by observing the location and number of marks on
the sheet.
Check sheets typically employ a heading that answers the
Five Ws:
 Who filled out the check sheet
 What was collected (what each check represents,
an identifying batch or lot number)
 Where the collection took place (facility, room,
apparatus)
 When the collection took place (hour, shift, day
of the week)
 Why the data were collected
2. Control chart
Control charts, also known as Shewhart charts
(after Walter A. Shewhart) or process-behavior
charts, in statistical process control are tools used
to determine if a manufacturing or business
process is in a state of statistical control.
If analysis of the control chart indicates that the
process is currently under control (i.e., is stable,
with variation only coming from sources common
to the process), then no corrections or changes to
process control parameters are needed or desired.
In addition, data from the process can be used to
predict the future performance of the process. If
the chart indicates that the monitored process is
not in control, analysis of the chart can help
determine the sources of variation, as this will
result in degraded process performance.[1] A
process that is stable but operating outside of
desired (specification) limits (e.g., scrap rates
may be in statistical control but above desired
limits) needs to be improved through a deliberate
effort to understand the causes of current
performance and fundamentally improve the
process.
The control chart is one of the seven basic tools of
quality control.[3] Typically control charts are
used for time-series data, though they can be used
for data that have logical comparability (i.e. you
want to compare samples that were taken all at
the same time, or the performance of different
individuals), however the type of chart used to do
this requires consideration.
3. Pareto chart
A Pareto chart, named after Vilfredo Pareto, is a type
of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where
individual values are represented in descending order
by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the
line.
The left vertical axis is the frequency of occurrence,
but it can alternatively represent cost or another
important unit of measure. The right vertical axis is
the cumulative percentage of the total number of
occurrences, total cost, or total of the particular unit of
measure. Because the reasons are in decreasing order,
the cumulative function is a concave function. To take
the example above, in order to lower the amount of
late arrivals by 78%, it is sufficient to solve the first
three issues.
The purpose of the Pareto chart is to highlight the
most important among a (typically large) set of
factors. In quality control, it often represents the most
common sources of defects, the highest occurring type
of defect, or the most frequent reasons for customer
complaints, and so on. Wilkinson (2006) devised an
algorithm for producing statistically based acceptance
limits (similar to confidence intervals) for each bar in
the Pareto chart.
4. Scatter plot Method
A scatter plot, scatterplot, or scattergraph is a type of
mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to
display values for two variables for a set of data.
The data is displayed as a collection of points, each
having the value of one variable determining the position
on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable
determining the position on the vertical axis.[2] This kind
of plot is also called a scatter chart, scattergram, scatter
diagram,[3] or scatter graph.
A scatter plot is used when a variable exists that is under
the control of the experimenter. If a parameter exists that
is systematically incremented and/or decremented by the
other, it is called the control parameter or independent
variable and is customarily plotted along the horizontal
axis. The measured or dependent variable is customarily
plotted along the vertical axis. If no dependent variable
exists, either type of variable can be plotted on either axis
and a scatter plot will illustrate only the degree of
correlation (not causation) between two variables.
A scatter plot can suggest various kinds of correlations
between variables with a certain confidence interval. For
example, weight and height, weight would be on x axis
and height would be on the y axis. Correlations may be
positive (rising), negative (falling), or null (uncorrelated).
If the pattern of dots slopes from lower left to upper right,
it suggests a positive correlation between the variables
being studied. If the pattern of dots slopes from upper left
to lower right, it suggests a negative correlation. A line of
best fit (alternatively called 'trendline') can be drawn in
order to study the correlation between the variables. An
equation for the correlation between the variables can be
determined by established best-fit procedures. For a linear
correlation, the best-fit procedure is known as linear
regression and is guaranteed to generate a correct solution
in a finite time. No universal best-fit procedure is
guaranteed to generate a correct solution for arbitrary
relationships. A scatter plot is also very useful when we
wish to see how two comparable data sets agree with each
other. In this case, an identity line, i.e., a y=x line, or an
1:1 line, is often drawn as a reference. The more the two
data sets agree, the more the scatters tend to concentrate in
the vicinity of the identity line; if the two data sets are
numerically identical, the scatters fall on the identity line
exactly.
5.Ishikawa diagram
Ishikawa diagrams (also called fishbone diagrams,
herringbone diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, or
Fishikawa) are causal diagrams created by Kaoru
Ishikawa (1968) that show the causes of a specific
event.[1][2] Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are
product design and quality defect prevention, to identify
potential factors causing an overall effect. Each cause or
reason for imperfection is a source of variation. Causes
are usually grouped into major categories to identify these
sources of variation. The categories typically include
 People: Anyone involved with the process
 Methods: How the process is performed and the
specific requirements for doing it, such as policies,
procedures, rules, regulations and laws
 Machines: Any equipment, computers, tools, etc.
required to accomplish the job
 Materials: Raw materials, parts, pens, paper, etc.
used to produce the final product
 Measurements: Data generated from the process
that are used to evaluate its quality
 Environment: The conditions, such as location,
time, temperature, and culture in which the process
operates
6. Histogram method
A histogram is a graphical representation of the
distribution of data. It is an estimate of the probability
distribution of a continuous variable (quantitative
variable) and was first introduced by Karl Pearson.[1] To
construct a histogram, the first step is to "bin" the range of
values -- that is, divide the entire range of values into a
series of small intervals -- and then count how many
values fall into each interval. A rectangle is drawn with
height proportional to the count and width equal to the bin
size, so that rectangles abut each other. A histogram may
also be normalized displaying relative frequencies. It then
shows the proportion of cases that fall into each of several
categories, with the sum of the heights equaling 1. The
bins are usually specified as consecutive, non-overlapping
intervals of a variable. The bins (intervals) must be
adjacent, and usually equal size.[2] The rectangles of a
histogram are drawn so that they touch each other to
indicate that the original variable is continuous.[3]
III. Other topics related to What is water quality management (pdf download)
quality management systems
quality management courses
quality management tools
iso 9001 quality management system
quality management process
quality management system example
quality system management
quality management techniques
quality management standards
quality management policy
quality management strategy
quality management books

More Related Content

What's hot

Quality management courses uk
Quality management courses ukQuality management courses uk
Quality management courses uk
selinasimpson2201
 
Quality management systems guidelines
Quality management systems guidelinesQuality management systems guidelines
Quality management systems guidelines
selinasimpson3001
 
Air quality management district
Air quality management districtAir quality management district
Air quality management district
selinasimpson0301
 
Quality management organization
Quality management organizationQuality management organization
Quality management organization
selinasimpson2601
 
Supplier quality management software
Supplier quality management softwareSupplier quality management software
Supplier quality management software
selinasimpson3001
 
Quality management international
Quality management internationalQuality management international
Quality management international
selinasimpson2301
 
Quotes on quality management
Quotes on quality managementQuotes on quality management
Quotes on quality management
selinasimpson331
 
Quality management system objectives
Quality management system objectivesQuality management system objectives
Quality management system objectives
selinasimpson361
 
Environmental quality management
Environmental quality managementEnvironmental quality management
Environmental quality management
selinasimpson0201
 
Quality assurance management
Quality assurance managementQuality assurance management
Quality assurance management
selinasimpson0301
 
Quality management information system
Quality management information systemQuality management information system
Quality management information system
selinasimpson341
 
What is quality management system
What is quality management systemWhat is quality management system
What is quality management system
selinasimpson0201
 
Cqi diploma in quality management
Cqi diploma in quality managementCqi diploma in quality management
Cqi diploma in quality management
selinasimpson2101
 
Quality management software reviews
Quality management software reviewsQuality management software reviews
Quality management software reviews
selinasimpson311
 
Quality management document
Quality management documentQuality management document
Quality management document
selinasimpson321
 
Integrated quality management system
Integrated quality management systemIntegrated quality management system
Integrated quality management system
selinasimpson0501
 

What's hot (20)

Quality management courses uk
Quality management courses ukQuality management courses uk
Quality management courses uk
 
Quality management systems guidelines
Quality management systems guidelinesQuality management systems guidelines
Quality management systems guidelines
 
Air quality management district
Air quality management districtAir quality management district
Air quality management district
 
Quality management organization
Quality management organizationQuality management organization
Quality management organization
 
Supplier quality management software
Supplier quality management softwareSupplier quality management software
Supplier quality management software
 
Quality management plans
Quality management plansQuality management plans
Quality management plans
 
Quality management planning
Quality management planningQuality management planning
Quality management planning
 
Quality management international
Quality management internationalQuality management international
Quality management international
 
Quotes on quality management
Quotes on quality managementQuotes on quality management
Quotes on quality management
 
Quality management system objectives
Quality management system objectivesQuality management system objectives
Quality management system objectives
 
Environmental quality management
Environmental quality managementEnvironmental quality management
Environmental quality management
 
Quality assurance management
Quality assurance managementQuality assurance management
Quality assurance management
 
Quality management information system
Quality management information systemQuality management information system
Quality management information system
 
What is quality management system
What is quality management systemWhat is quality management system
What is quality management system
 
Quality management pmp
Quality management pmpQuality management pmp
Quality management pmp
 
Cqi diploma in quality management
Cqi diploma in quality managementCqi diploma in quality management
Cqi diploma in quality management
 
Quality management software reviews
Quality management software reviewsQuality management software reviews
Quality management software reviews
 
Quality management document
Quality management documentQuality management document
Quality management document
 
Quality management audit
Quality management auditQuality management audit
Quality management audit
 
Integrated quality management system
Integrated quality management systemIntegrated quality management system
Integrated quality management system
 

Viewers also liked (7)

Water Quality Management 2012
Water Quality Management 2012Water Quality Management 2012
Water Quality Management 2012
 
Water Quality Management
Water Quality ManagementWater Quality Management
Water Quality Management
 
Water Quality Management In Rivers
Water  Quality  Management In  RiversWater  Quality  Management In  Rivers
Water Quality Management In Rivers
 
Chapter 5 water quality
Chapter 5 water qualityChapter 5 water quality
Chapter 5 water quality
 
Research methodology
Research methodologyResearch methodology
Research methodology
 
1.introduction to research methodology
1.introduction to research methodology1.introduction to research methodology
1.introduction to research methodology
 
Research Methodology
Research MethodologyResearch Methodology
Research Methodology
 

Similar to What is water quality management

The importance of quality management
The importance of quality managementThe importance of quality management
The importance of quality management
selinasimpson1501
 
Data quality management definition
Data quality management definitionData quality management definition
Data quality management definition
selinasimpson311
 
Software for quality management
Software for quality managementSoftware for quality management
Software for quality management
selinasimpson341
 
What is service quality management
What is service quality managementWhat is service quality management
What is service quality management
selinasimpson1801
 
Example of quality management
Example of quality managementExample of quality management
Example of quality management
selinasimpson2401
 
Examples of quality management
Examples of quality managementExamples of quality management
Examples of quality management
selinasimpson2201
 
Quality management systems for education and training providers
Quality management systems for education and training providersQuality management systems for education and training providers
Quality management systems for education and training providers
selinasimpson341
 
What is the quality management
What is the quality managementWhat is the quality management
What is the quality management
selinasimpson2901
 
Continuous improvement quality management
Continuous improvement quality managementContinuous improvement quality management
Continuous improvement quality management
selinasimpson381
 
Quality management essentials
Quality management essentialsQuality management essentials
Quality management essentials
selinasimpson2601
 
Supplier quality management process
Supplier quality management processSupplier quality management process
Supplier quality management process
selinasimpson2801
 
Quality management in radiology
Quality management in radiologyQuality management in radiology
Quality management in radiology
selinasimpson351
 

Similar to What is water quality management (20)

Pmbok quality management
Pmbok quality managementPmbok quality management
Pmbok quality management
 
Agile quality management
Agile quality managementAgile quality management
Agile quality management
 
The importance of quality management
The importance of quality managementThe importance of quality management
The importance of quality management
 
Data quality management definition
Data quality management definitionData quality management definition
Data quality management definition
 
Software for quality management
Software for quality managementSoftware for quality management
Software for quality management
 
Quality management software
Quality management softwareQuality management software
Quality management software
 
What is service quality management
What is service quality managementWhat is service quality management
What is service quality management
 
Example of quality management
Example of quality managementExample of quality management
Example of quality management
 
Examples of quality management
Examples of quality managementExamples of quality management
Examples of quality management
 
Quality management systems for education and training providers
Quality management systems for education and training providersQuality management systems for education and training providers
Quality management systems for education and training providers
 
Management quality system
Management quality systemManagement quality system
Management quality system
 
What is the quality management
What is the quality managementWhat is the quality management
What is the quality management
 
Water quality management
Water quality managementWater quality management
Water quality management
 
Continuous improvement quality management
Continuous improvement quality managementContinuous improvement quality management
Continuous improvement quality management
 
Quality driven management
Quality driven managementQuality driven management
Quality driven management
 
Quality management seminars
Quality management seminarsQuality management seminars
Quality management seminars
 
Quality management essentials
Quality management essentialsQuality management essentials
Quality management essentials
 
Quality management example
Quality management exampleQuality management example
Quality management example
 
Supplier quality management process
Supplier quality management processSupplier quality management process
Supplier quality management process
 
Quality management in radiology
Quality management in radiologyQuality management in radiology
Quality management in radiology
 

More from selinasimpson311

Quality management philosophies
Quality management philosophiesQuality management philosophies
Quality management philosophies
selinasimpson311
 
Quality management in projects
Quality management in projectsQuality management in projects
Quality management in projects
selinasimpson311
 
Quality management conference
Quality management conferenceQuality management conference
Quality management conference
selinasimpson311
 
Project quality management process
Project quality management processProject quality management process
Project quality management process
selinasimpson311
 
Lean quality management system
Lean quality management systemLean quality management system
Lean quality management system
selinasimpson311
 
Key concepts of quality management
Key concepts of quality managementKey concepts of quality management
Key concepts of quality management
selinasimpson311
 
Diploma of quality management
Diploma of quality managementDiploma of quality management
Diploma of quality management
selinasimpson311
 
Courses in quality management
Courses in quality managementCourses in quality management
Courses in quality management
selinasimpson311
 
Components of a quality management system
Components of a quality management systemComponents of a quality management system
Components of a quality management system
selinasimpson311
 

More from selinasimpson311 (10)

Quality management philosophies
Quality management philosophiesQuality management philosophies
Quality management philosophies
 
Quality management news
Quality management newsQuality management news
Quality management news
 
Quality management in projects
Quality management in projectsQuality management in projects
Quality management in projects
 
Quality management conference
Quality management conferenceQuality management conference
Quality management conference
 
Project quality management process
Project quality management processProject quality management process
Project quality management process
 
Lean quality management system
Lean quality management systemLean quality management system
Lean quality management system
 
Key concepts of quality management
Key concepts of quality managementKey concepts of quality management
Key concepts of quality management
 
Diploma of quality management
Diploma of quality managementDiploma of quality management
Diploma of quality management
 
Courses in quality management
Courses in quality managementCourses in quality management
Courses in quality management
 
Components of a quality management system
Components of a quality management systemComponents of a quality management system
Components of a quality management system
 

What is water quality management

  • 1. What is water quality management In this file, you can ref useful information about what is water quality management such as what is water quality managementforms, tools for what is water quality management, what is water quality managementstrategies … If you need more assistant for what is water quality management, please leave your comment at the end of file. Other useful material for what is water quality management: • qualitymanagement123.com/23-free-ebooks-for-quality-management • qualitymanagement123.com/185-free-quality-management-forms • qualitymanagement123.com/free-98-ISO-9001-templates-and-forms • qualitymanagement123.com/top-84-quality-management-KPIs • qualitymanagement123.com/top-18-quality-management-job-descriptions • qualitymanagement123.com/86-quality-management-interview-questions-and-answers I. Contents of what is water quality management ================== The Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for Texas is a waste treatment plan required under the Texas Water Code and the federal Clean Water Act . The WQMP is tied to the State’s water quality assessments that identify priority water quality problems. The WQMPs are used to direct planning for implementation measures that control and/or prevent water quality problems. Several elements may be contained in the WQMP, such as effluent limitations of wastewater facilities, total maximum daily loads (TMDLs), nonpoint source management controls, identification of designated management agencies, and ground water and source water protection planning. Some of these elements may be contained in separate documents which are prepared independently of the current WQMP update process, but may be referenced as needed to address planning for water quality control measures. The Water Quality Division updates the WQMP on a quarterly basis with projected effluent limits that may be used for water quality planning purposes in Texas Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (TPDES) permit actions. All applications for new and amended permits are reviewed for conformance with applicable WQMP recommendations. WQMP updates only
  • 2. involve the elements of the plan that require modification to account for changing circumstances, conditions and program requirements. The elements of the WQMP that typically require revision consist of effluent limits for TPDES permits, designation of management areas, service area population for municipal wastewater facilities, and total maximum daily loads (TMDL’s). Previously certified and approved water quality management plans remain in effect. The original plan and its subsequent updates are collectively referred to as the State of Texas Water Quality Management Plan. After a public comment process and the TCEQ’s certification, the update is submitted to EPA for approval as an update to the State’s WQMP. Upon EPA approval, the WQMP update revisions officially become part of the WQMP for Texas. The process for updating the WQMP is described in more detail in Series 6 of the Continuing Planning Process. ================== III. Quality management tools 1. Check sheet The check sheet is a form (document) used to collect data in real time at the location where the data is generated. The data it captures can be quantitative or qualitative. When the information is quantitative, the check sheet is sometimes called a tally sheet. The defining characteristic of a check sheet is that data are recorded by making marks ("checks") on it. A typical check sheet is divided into regions, and marks made in different regions have different significance. Data are read by observing the location and number of marks on the sheet. Check sheets typically employ a heading that answers the Five Ws:  Who filled out the check sheet  What was collected (what each check represents, an identifying batch or lot number)
  • 3.  Where the collection took place (facility, room, apparatus)  When the collection took place (hour, shift, day of the week)  Why the data were collected 2. Control chart Control charts, also known as Shewhart charts (after Walter A. Shewhart) or process-behavior charts, in statistical process control are tools used to determine if a manufacturing or business process is in a state of statistical control. If analysis of the control chart indicates that the process is currently under control (i.e., is stable, with variation only coming from sources common to the process), then no corrections or changes to process control parameters are needed or desired. In addition, data from the process can be used to predict the future performance of the process. If the chart indicates that the monitored process is not in control, analysis of the chart can help determine the sources of variation, as this will result in degraded process performance.[1] A process that is stable but operating outside of desired (specification) limits (e.g., scrap rates may be in statistical control but above desired limits) needs to be improved through a deliberate effort to understand the causes of current performance and fundamentally improve the process. The control chart is one of the seven basic tools of quality control.[3] Typically control charts are used for time-series data, though they can be used for data that have logical comparability (i.e. you want to compare samples that were taken all at the same time, or the performance of different individuals), however the type of chart used to do this requires consideration.
  • 4. 3. Pareto chart A Pareto chart, named after Vilfredo Pareto, is a type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where individual values are represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line. The left vertical axis is the frequency of occurrence, but it can alternatively represent cost or another important unit of measure. The right vertical axis is the cumulative percentage of the total number of occurrences, total cost, or total of the particular unit of measure. Because the reasons are in decreasing order, the cumulative function is a concave function. To take the example above, in order to lower the amount of late arrivals by 78%, it is sufficient to solve the first three issues. The purpose of the Pareto chart is to highlight the most important among a (typically large) set of factors. In quality control, it often represents the most common sources of defects, the highest occurring type of defect, or the most frequent reasons for customer complaints, and so on. Wilkinson (2006) devised an algorithm for producing statistically based acceptance limits (similar to confidence intervals) for each bar in the Pareto chart. 4. Scatter plot Method
  • 5. A scatter plot, scatterplot, or scattergraph is a type of mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data. The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis.[2] This kind of plot is also called a scatter chart, scattergram, scatter diagram,[3] or scatter graph. A scatter plot is used when a variable exists that is under the control of the experimenter. If a parameter exists that is systematically incremented and/or decremented by the other, it is called the control parameter or independent variable and is customarily plotted along the horizontal axis. The measured or dependent variable is customarily plotted along the vertical axis. If no dependent variable exists, either type of variable can be plotted on either axis and a scatter plot will illustrate only the degree of correlation (not causation) between two variables. A scatter plot can suggest various kinds of correlations between variables with a certain confidence interval. For example, weight and height, weight would be on x axis and height would be on the y axis. Correlations may be positive (rising), negative (falling), or null (uncorrelated). If the pattern of dots slopes from lower left to upper right, it suggests a positive correlation between the variables being studied. If the pattern of dots slopes from upper left to lower right, it suggests a negative correlation. A line of best fit (alternatively called 'trendline') can be drawn in order to study the correlation between the variables. An equation for the correlation between the variables can be determined by established best-fit procedures. For a linear correlation, the best-fit procedure is known as linear regression and is guaranteed to generate a correct solution in a finite time. No universal best-fit procedure is guaranteed to generate a correct solution for arbitrary relationships. A scatter plot is also very useful when we wish to see how two comparable data sets agree with each other. In this case, an identity line, i.e., a y=x line, or an 1:1 line, is often drawn as a reference. The more the two data sets agree, the more the scatters tend to concentrate in the vicinity of the identity line; if the two data sets are numerically identical, the scatters fall on the identity line
  • 6. exactly. 5.Ishikawa diagram Ishikawa diagrams (also called fishbone diagrams, herringbone diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, or Fishikawa) are causal diagrams created by Kaoru Ishikawa (1968) that show the causes of a specific event.[1][2] Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are product design and quality defect prevention, to identify potential factors causing an overall effect. Each cause or reason for imperfection is a source of variation. Causes are usually grouped into major categories to identify these sources of variation. The categories typically include  People: Anyone involved with the process  Methods: How the process is performed and the specific requirements for doing it, such as policies, procedures, rules, regulations and laws  Machines: Any equipment, computers, tools, etc. required to accomplish the job  Materials: Raw materials, parts, pens, paper, etc. used to produce the final product  Measurements: Data generated from the process that are used to evaluate its quality  Environment: The conditions, such as location, time, temperature, and culture in which the process operates 6. Histogram method
  • 7. A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of data. It is an estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable (quantitative variable) and was first introduced by Karl Pearson.[1] To construct a histogram, the first step is to "bin" the range of values -- that is, divide the entire range of values into a series of small intervals -- and then count how many values fall into each interval. A rectangle is drawn with height proportional to the count and width equal to the bin size, so that rectangles abut each other. A histogram may also be normalized displaying relative frequencies. It then shows the proportion of cases that fall into each of several categories, with the sum of the heights equaling 1. The bins are usually specified as consecutive, non-overlapping intervals of a variable. The bins (intervals) must be adjacent, and usually equal size.[2] The rectangles of a histogram are drawn so that they touch each other to indicate that the original variable is continuous.[3] III. Other topics related to What is water quality management (pdf download) quality management systems quality management courses quality management tools iso 9001 quality management system quality management process quality management system example quality system management quality management techniques quality management standards quality management policy quality management strategy quality management books