This is a presentation on the planet mars. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest planet in the Solar System, after Mercury . It is named after the Roman god of war. Revolution : 687 Earth days Length of day: 1d 0h 40m Radius: 2,106 mi Distance from Sun: 141.6 million mi Mass: 6.39 × 1023 kg ( 639,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg) Gravity: 38% of Earth Moons: Phobos, Deimos Crust = On Mars the crust is usually made up of a volcanic rock called basalt. Basalt is also found on the crust of the Earth and Moon. The average thickness of the Mars's crust is 30 miles (50 kilometers). The crust may be thinner to the north than the south. Mantle = It is the next layer nearest to the core. Mantle is peridotite a rock that is made up of chiefly of silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium. Olivine is the most abundant mineral in peridotite.  Core = Core is the center of mars or any planet for the matter. Mars's core is made up of sulfur, nickel, and iron. The radius of Mars's core measures between 1500-2000 kilometers (900 -1200 miles). Mar’s surface is a dry, barren wasteland marked by old volcanoes and impact craters. The entire surface can be scoured by a single sand storm that hides it from observation for days at a time. Its surface is rocky, with canyons, volcanoes, dry lake beds and craters all over it. Red dust covers most of its surface. Mars has clouds and wind just like Earth. Sometimes the wind blows the red dust into a dust storm. Even with the largest telescopes it is very hard to see much detail on Mars. In the late 1800s, some scientists thought they could see straight lines crossing the planet's surface. These lines joined greenish areas that looked as if they were covered by plants. These scientists thought that the straight lines were canals built by Martians to carry water to their crops. Spacecraft pictures have shown that these canals do not exist. There is no sign of any life – plants or intelligent Martians - on the planet. We now know that Mars is a very cold, dry planet, where liquid water cannot exist on the surface. However, there are large areas of water ice at the polar caps. There is also a lot of ice in the frozen ground – much like the permafrost areas of northern Canada and Russia. Although there is no oxygen in Mars , human life can be supported there. Mangalyaan - 5th November 2013 Mars Observer – 25th September 1992 Spirit – 10th June 2003 Mars Odyssey - 7th April 2001 Mars Polar Lander - 3rd January 1999 etc . SATELLITES SENT TO MOONS OF MARS Aladdin - Phobos and Deimos PCROSS - Phobos Gulliver – Deimos etc.

3. MARS
Romil Kharia

4. INTRODUCTION TO MARS
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest
planet in the Solar System, after Mercury . It is named after the
Roman god of war.
Revolution : 687 Earth days
Length of day: 1d 0h 40m
Radius: 2,106 mi
Distance from Sun: 141.6 million mi
Mass: 6.39 × 1023 kg ( 639,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg)
Gravity: 38% of Earth
Moons: Phobos, Deimos

5. STRUCTURE OF MARS
• Crust = On Mars the crust is usually made up of a
volcanic rock called basalt. Basalt is also found on
the crust of the Earth and Moon. The average
thickness of the Mars's crust is 30 miles (50
kilometers). The crust may be thinner to the north
than the south.
• Mantle = It is the next layer nearest to the core.
Mantle is peridotite a rock that is made up of
chiefly of silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium.
Olivine is the most abundant mineral in peridotite.
• Core = Core is the center of mars or any planet for
the matter. Mars's core is made up of sulfur, nickel,
and iron. The radius of Mars's core measures
between 1500-2000 kilometers (900 -1200 miles).

6. SURFACE COMPOSITION OF MARS
• Mar’s surface is a dry, barren wasteland marked by old volcanoes and impact craters. The entire surface can
be scoured by a single sand storm that hides it from observation for days at a time. Its surface is rocky, with
canyons, volcanoes, dry lake beds and craters all over it. Red dust covers most of its surface. Mars has clouds
and wind just like Earth. Sometimes the wind blows the red dust into a dust storm.

7. LIFE ON MARS ????
• Even with the largest telescopes it is very hard to see much detail on Mars. In the late
1800s, some scientists thought they could see straight lines crossing the planet's
surface. These lines joined greenish areas that looked as if they were covered by
plants. These scientists thought that the straight lines were canals built by Martians to
carry water to their crops. Spacecraft pictures have shown that these canals do not
exist. There is no sign of any life – plants or intelligent Martians - on the planet. We
now know that Mars is a very cold, dry planet, where liquid water cannot exist on the
surface. However, there are large areas of water ice at the polar caps. There is also a
lot of ice in the frozen ground – much like the permafrost areas of northern Canada
and Russia. Although there is no oxygen in Mars , human life can be supported there.

8. SATELLITES SENT INTO MARS
• Mangalyaan - 5th November 2013
• Mars Observer – 25th September 1992
• Spirit – 10th June 2003
• Mars Odyssey - 7th April 2001
• Mars Polar Lander - 3rd January 1999
etc .
SATELLITES SENT TO MOONS OF MARS
• Aladdin - Phobos and Deimos
• PCROSS - Phobos
• Gulliver – Deimos
etc.