This document summarizes the work of Sunitha Krishnan, a social activist who has rescued over 2,000 victims of sexual exploitation in India. She runs an organization called Prajwala that operates children's homes, schools, and job training programs. Despite facing threats and attacks, Sunitha works tirelessly to prosecute traffickers, change laws, and rehabilitate victims. Her dedication has helped improve police cooperation and led to some of the first convictions of traffickers in the region. However, reintegrating victims remains challenging as about one-third return to prostitution due to societal stigma and the psychological effects of abuse.

1. •
ntre 1
f
She saves the innocent and
pursues the guilty
As applause erupts around her, nan felicitate students who've done
16-year-old Seema*, dressed in a white well in their 10th-standard exams.
salwar-kameez, accepts a box contain- Going by the cheerful hubbub, it could
ing a pair of gold earrings. Beaming, be prize-giving day at any girls' school.
the slender, elegant girl bends down In fact, most of the 120 children here-
and touches the feet of the petite some as young as three-are victims
woman beside me. of sexual exploitation whom Sunitha
I'm in the courtyard of Astha Nivas, has rescued. Many, like Seema, were
a children's home in the old part of subjected to horrifying sexual abuse
Hyderabad, watching Sunitha Krish- for years; nearly all are HIV positive.
• Asterisked names have been changed. But thanks to the love and attention
100 READER'S DIGEST rd-india.com OCTOBER 2008

2. they receive at Astha Nivas, they have her crusade in 1991, Sunitha has been stalled the scheme. but she trusted her instincts and her
a good chance of overcoming their beaten up more than a dozen times. In early 1997, following a court informants and was able to pull it off.
dark pasts. That's why she can't straighten her order, the police evicted prostitutes Initially, the children she rescued were
left arm or hear in her right ear. A from Mehboob-ki-Mehndi, a notori- placed in missionary and charitable
Each pair of the pretty earrings that Sumo van once deliberately rammed ous Hyderabad red light area. Carried juvenile homes; later she started her
Seema and 13 other students received her autorickshaw, but she escaped out with typical bureaucratic ham- own shelter.
today costs Rs3000. "Won't some of serious injury. She's had acid flung at handedness, hundreds of prostitutes Slowly, Prajwala**, as Sunitha and
the girls be tempted to sell the jew- her (fortunately it missed), and there's were suddenly homeless. Desperate, Jose named their organization, took
ellery?" I ask. even been a poisoning attempt. many committed suicide. on additional responsibilities. Today,
Sunitha bristles at the suggestion. Far from being intimidated by aU By this time, Sunitha had become apart from Astha Nivas, the children's
"They're not just girls," she snaps. this, Sunitha, 36, has even refused friendly with a Catholic brother shelter, Prajwala has five day schools
"They're my daughters. If your daugh- police protection. She says attacks on named Jose Vetticatil, who was just as for the children of prostitutes in
ters did well in their exams, wouldn't her are to be expected, given her committed to helping the underpriv- Hyderabad and a residential facility
you give them something valuable?" mission. in the city called
The curt reply is typical of Sunitha's Sunitha has always wanted to help Asha Niketan,
for rescued adult
response to any aspersions cast on her
charges. But she's not just their fiercely
other people: as a child, she'd return
home from school and teach the e pre )lst.itutt;~, the' hegan women. It has
protective mother; she's also an in- neighbourhood children what she'd tc lIng l1cr abOUl also helped other
NGOs set up and
trepid and determined foe of India's
huge and powerful commercial sex in-
dustry. In the last to years, she has res-
learned. By her teens, she'd decided
to work for the underprivileged.
especially women victimized and
children in brothels. run 17 day care
centres for pros-
cued around 2000 victims of sexual disdained by society. She plunged into iJeged. Sunitha and he met the evicted tituted women's children across
slavery. She has persuaded the Andhra a number of causes and also got a mas- women who said they wanted their Andhra Pradesh.
Pradesh government to work with her ter's in psychiatric social work. children to be educated so that they, While the children at Astha Nivas
in cracking down on this organized In 1996, Sunitha, an ardent feminist. too, didn't end up in the sex trade. and the day schools are educated up
crime and helped secure the convic- was arrested-along with more than a Sunitha set up a classroom for five to the seventh standard and then
tion of more than a dozen traffickers. dozen other activists-for protesting children in an empty brothel, and transferred to private high schools,
Says Dr P.M. Nair. senior police officer against the staging of the Miss World became its first teacher. the older victims are trained in a
and leading anti-trafficking expert: competition in Bangalore, her home- As Sunitha grew friendlier with the number of useful skills ranging from
"Sunitha works in territory most peo- town. By now her radical views had prostitutes, they began telling her bookbinding to masonry and welding.
ple wouldn't dare venture into. And estranged her from her family, so about traffic~ed children confined in They are then placed with private
she's had a major impact." when she was released two months brothels. Right away, Sunitha knew companies or given a job at Prajwala
later she decided to move to Hyder- she had to free them. Enterprises, a small-scale unit that
rawer of her office desk, abad where she could make a fresh Because of the danger of violence mostly makes and sells stationery and
out an iron rod with a start. from traffickers, Brother Jose was dead furniture.
d. "This is to protect She soon became involved with the against the idea. But Sunitha refused In its early years, Sunitha had to
ys. "If necessary, I'll housing problems of slum dwellers. to play safe. Each rescue was a cloak- sell her jewelJery and even most of
When the homes of people living by and-dagger operation, dependent on her household utensils to make ends
the city's Musi River were slated to accurate information, perfect timing, meet at Prajwala. She also learned to
be bulldozed for a "beautification" and a clean getaway. Sunitha had never chase donations-"I have a PhD in
project, she organized protests and attempted anything remotely similar, ~. The word means eternal flame.
102 REAOU·S DIGEST rd·lndll.com OCTOBER 2008 REAOER'S OIGEST rd·lndia.com O(T08£R 1008 103

3. begging," she says. in improving their shelters for viet' married simultaneously
Hyderabad businessman Muralid- of trafficking. She agreed, but: and the guests included
haran T. testifies to that. In August before the South Koreans promised to tOP government officials,
2001, following heavy rains, Muralid- arrange a two-day stay for her ,. na among them the chief jus-
haran's offices were flooded and local brothel so that she could stud tice of Andhra Pradesh,
substantial equipment damaged in a the local situation closely. Y G.S. Singhvi. Recently,
new company he'd started. He and his Jus tice Singhvi, now a
employees wondered if the business With the summer vacation Over and sup reme Court judge, con-
would survive. T hen Sunitha arrived. schools about to reopen, most of the fessed that he was an
asking for donat ions-not for Pra- b lue u n iformed gi rl s at Prajwala ardent fan of Sunitha. "She
jwala, but to help people whose homes Enterprises are busy making note- is unique," he said. "She
had been washed away. "She was so books. "Since when have yo u been does wonderful work."
persuasive," Muralidharan says, "that working here?" I ask one of them.
to O Uf astonishment we all found our- "Since 2003," she says. "I like it." Inspector General of Po-
selves donating money." Zuleikha* was once a teenager lice S. Umapathi shakes his
living with her parents in Hyderabad. head and looks at me rue-
The devout Catholic, Brother Jose, "Married" over the te lep hone to a fully. He's been telling me
and the devout Hindu, Sunitha, made "sheikh" supposedly living in Dubai, about a thoughtless policy
an unlikely team. "He was the brains, Zuleikha was dumped in a Mumbai that the Andhra police
I the doer," she says. So it was a great brothel and then moved to Delhi. Two had been following-until
b low when Jose suddenly died of harrowing years later, she was rescued Sunitha brought about "a
a heart attack in 2005. But Sunitha and came to Asha Niketan. complete change in our
recovered. In 2006, she married film Trained in book-binding Zuleikha, mindset." Until recently,
director Rajesh Touchriver. Her hus- 23, now earns Rs4800 a month, the state police, like cops
band, apart from providing much enough for her to be able to move out in the rest of India, mostly
needed emotional support, also helps of Asha Niketan and rent a room. She arrested the prostitutes
her make films that educate the pub- fell in love with a young Hindu in when they raided a brothel.
lic on the evils of sex trafficking. 2006, and both families have agreed The n, at a workshop in
Prajwala, with a staff of 200, two- to the match. However, Zuleikha has 2005, Sunitha convinced
thirds of whom are survivors of pros- yet to tell her boyfriend that she is Umapathi and other offi-
titution, has thrived under Sunitha's HIV positive-but has p romised cers that the true criminals were the victims to be immediately counselled
leadership. It now has an international Sunitha that she will. traffickers, not the women they'd by the NGO's social workers.
rep utation and Sunitha is regularly If the marriage is to take place. fo rced into prostitution. "We now There's been some change in offi-
co nsulted, in addition to the Indian Sunitha will make all the a rrange- foc us on arresting traffickers and res- cial attitudes towards traffickers too.
authorities, by the United Nations and ments-as she has done for about 400 cuing the victims," Umapathi says. Very often, the police in red light areas
the US government. She has also won others so far. Before giving her con- Thanks to Sunitha opening their are hand in glove with traffickers and
several awards, which she has used sent to a marriage Sunitha has the eyes, the police are now much more rarely arrest them. But even when they
to strengthen Prajwala's finances. groom thoroughly checked out. She willing to cooperate with her. They do, it's very hard to get convictions:
Recently, Sunitha received a request also buys each bride a trousseau, act on tip-offs provided by her inform- since witness protection programs
from an unexpected quarter: the South jewellery and utensils. ers, take a Prajwala representative on don't exist, victims are usually too
Korean government wanted her help Last year, eight couples were rescue mis,sions, and arrange for the scared to testify in court. Moreover,
104 REA,DE R'S DIGES T Id.lndla.com OC TOBER zoo, R'~ DER'S DIGEST rd·lndia.com OCTO BER zo08 105

4. prosecutions are desultory, and judges counsel unable to discredit the plain-
are often openly contemptuous of tiff's testimony, the trial ended swiftly
the victims. with convictions for both defendants.
In her quest to bring traffickers to It was the first time ever that sex
book, Sunitha has also worked hard traffickers had been convicted in
to change the attitudes of public pros- Andhra Pradesh. What's more, one
ecutors and judges. Her strategy was defendant was given 10 years-
tested last year when a pregnant 16- the severest punishment for traffick-
year-old managed to escape the ing ever handed down in India. And
brothel she'd been confined in and in another case seven months later,
came to Prajwala. 12 more traffickers were put behind
"To our astonishment, she wanted bars.
to testify against her traffickers,"
Sunitha says, "so we took her to the The phone rings, and Sunitha picks it
police station to lodge a complaint. up. As she listens to the person at the
other end, she looks
[ -J , more and more
'raffickcrs to bopk, Svnitha grim. "That was the
head of the govern-
has worked hard to ment's women and
child welfare de-
change attitudes. partment," she tells
me, hanging up.
Luckily, the inspector there had been "Our food parlour in the secretariat
trained by me and went out of his way was shut down because of the allega-
to help." tion of one of our three girls working
Serendipitously, both the public there was entertaining men early in
prosecutor and the judge also turned the morning before it opened."
out to have attended Sunitha's lec- The closure of the popular and
tures. "The public prosecutor treated very profitable parlour doesn't just
the girl really well," Sunitha says. "He represent a financial blow and the
convinced her that she was somebody loss of three jobs. Another girl
he and other officials cared about, that has betrayed Sunitha's hope and trust.
her evidence was vital, that they Sadly, it happens regularly because
would ensure her safety. He even even though a woman may have been
arranged for a mock trial in which she forced into prostitution, the longer
was taken through the court process she remains in the brothel the more
and warned about how aggressive the used she becomes to that life and
defence lawyer would be." the more difficult it is for her to stay
On her part, the judge kept the trial away from it. Sunitha blames it also
moving briskly. And with the defence on society's apathy towards the
106 REAOER'S OIGEST rd-india.com OCTOBE R '008

5. ---- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
victims. Indeed, nowhere in the world failure may not be entirely so. One
have rehabilitation programmes for woman who went back to prostitution
prostitutes met with great success, is today also an informer for Prajwala.
and at Prajwala, despite all the coun-
selling and training, about one- A pdllce constable enters Sunitha's
third of the victims return to the sex roo d stands respectfully before
trade. her. He' come to serve a summons
Although each relapse hurts o a r..e:scued trafficking victim. She
Sunitha-and occasionally even leads has to gi evidence in the trial of five
her to wonder if she's doing the people Who trafficked her.
right thing-her conviction in her mis"" The girl igns the receipt for the
sion basically remains as strong as summons and turns around to leave.
ever. "I don't believe in the numbers "You'll testify?" Sunitha asks her.
game," she says. To her each person "Yes, Madam."
rescued is unique, each victim must "You're sure?"
be given every opportunity to start "Yes, Madam."
afresh, each attempt to rehabilitate "You won't get scared?"
is worthwhile. "No, Madam ... No. After all, you're
And, sometimes, what seems a with me."