4. 背景─ Sustainability in the context of concrete structures
可持續的混凝土結構內 涵
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Is this structure suitable for society needs?
Does this structure add value to the society?
What are the impacts on all sections of the society?
Are the materials sourced locally?
Social 社會
面
Environment
環境面
Economy
經濟面
4
What are the emissions/energy associated with
this construction?
Does the structure help to reduce the overall
emissions?
Does the design cater for the environment?
How is the resource efficiency during
construction and maintenance stage?
What is the impact at the “end of life”
scenario?
What is the value for money proposition?
What is the affordability over its life time
including maintenance?
What are the economic impacts on the client and all
sections of the society?
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5. 背景 ─ 混凝土結構供應鏈
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Sum of the Supply Chain Segments
FA+CA + Cement + Cementitious + Additives +
Production + A&E + Construction
=
Concrete Structures
All vertical & horizontal applications
and concrete products
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7. Asia’s Increasing Share of Consumption of
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Cement
From Prof. Ouchi
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8. Consumption of Cement in Asian Region
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1990 後水泥產量,中國激增台灣銳減
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From Prof. Ouchi
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9. 背景 ─Reframe the issue
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From:
CO2 footprint
of cement
To: Lifecycle
Eco-footprint
of concrete
structures
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10. 放
2
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(1) Each ton of cement contributes one ton of CO2
(2) 4GJ of energy (fossil fuel and electricity) per
ton of finished cement
(3) Each ton of cement requires 1.5 tons of
limestone
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11. 背景 ─
節省能源、資源與減排策略
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1. Reduce environmental impacts of cement production
2. Greater use of supplementary cementing materials
3. Recycle and reuse of concrete
4. Enhancement of service life of concrete structures
5.Research and use of emerging technologies – new
concrete
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14. 背景 ─ 水淬高爐石粉 (ggbs)
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1.World production of slag > 100 million tons
2. Granulated form > 25 million tons
3. Utilization rate as a cementitious materials
has increased in recent years and this trend
is expected to continue
4. Blended slag cement ( > 50% slag content)
5 . High Volume slag concrete (55% to 45% of
slag replacement rate) was commonly used
in Taiwan for applications where high or
moderate sulfate resistance is required
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背景 ─ 矽 灰 ( 硅粉 ) ( Silica Fume)
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1. By-product of silicon metal
or ferrosilicon alloy production
Smooth, spherical, glassy
particles 0.1 to 0.15 micron,
about 1/100 the size of
cement particles
2. Worldwide production - 2
million tons
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16. 背景 ─ 微觀結構與耐久性 pore size and
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pore distribution (Reactive Powder Concrete)
25mm
4µm
Capillary pores in the
cement matrix
4µm
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38. CFBC 灰應用相關研究
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相關文獻
2
Guanghong Sheng and Jianping Zhai , Utilization of fly ash
coming from a CFBC boiler co-firing coal and petroleum coke
in Portland cement , Fuel , 2007.
R.E.Conn and K.Sellakumar , Utilization of CFB Fly Ash for
Construction Application, Proceedings of the 15th
International conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, 1999.
台塑石化公司,副產品「混合石膏及副產飛灰」再利用技
術及應用推廣規範評估報告, 2005.
N. Mike Jackson and Robb Mack , Pavement Subgrade
Stabilization and Construction Using Bed and Fly Ash , World
of Coal Ash (WOCA) , 2007
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39. CFBC 灰應用相關研究
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相關文獻
2
Anthony EJ, The long term behavior of CFBC ash-water
system, Waste Management.
錢覺時,流化床燃煤固硫灰渣活性評定方法,煤炭學報
(journal of China Coal Society) , 2006 。
Guanghong Sheng, Self-cementitious properties of fly ashes
from CFBC boilers co-firing coal and high-sulphur petroleum
coke, Cement and Concrete, 2007.
C.S. Poon, Activation of fly ash/cement systems using calcium
sulfate
anhydrute(CaSO4),Cement
and
Concrete
Research,2007.
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52. CFBC 灰作為鹼激發劑相關規定
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相關研究與參考規範
2
CNS 14603
硬固水泥砂漿及混凝土長度變化試驗法
CNS 14704
營建材料試驗法之精密度與偏差
CNS 14794
水硬性水泥砂漿棒暴露於硫酸鹽溶液中之長度變化檢驗法
ASTM C593-06 Standard Specification for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for
Use With Lime for Soil Stabilization
ASTM C821-78 Standard Specification for Lime for Use with Pozzolans
(Withdrawn 2009)
ASTM C25-11 Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
ASTM C1202-12 Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete's
Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration
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53. CFBC 灰作為鹼激發劑相關規定 ( 耐久性與耐磨耗
性)
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相關研究與參考規範
2
ASTM C418-12 Standard Test Method for Abrasion
Resistance of Concrete by Sandblasting
ASTM D4404-10 Standard Test Method for Determination
of Pore Volume and Pore Volume Distribution of Soil and
Rock by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry
AASHTO T259 Resistance of Concrete to Chloride Ion
Penetration
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With the media attention on climate change, regulatory discussion has focused on the subject of cement’s CO2 footprint.
We cannot avoid this narrow subject. But we do aim to broaden the discussion on the what is far more relevant to overall sustainability, namely the lifecycle enviro- or eco- footprint of concrete structures.
With the media attention on climate change, regulatory discussion has focused on the subject of cement’s CO2 footprint.
We cannot avoid this narrow subject. But we do aim to broaden the discussion on the what is far more relevant to overall sustainability, namely the lifecycle enviro- or eco- footprint of concrete structures.