EAA_2009

1. The relation between cost system functionality and contingent factors: an empirical study of Greek hotels Dr Odysseas Pavlatos Athens University of Economics an Business Department of Accounting and Finance

12. Research Methodology Variables measurement Extent of the use of cost data (USE) 0.90 Cronbach alpha 85.7 9 . 34 0 .736 Business process re-engineering 0 . 834 Benchmarking 0 . 892 Acceptance– rejection sales packages from tour- operators 0 . 812 Service design 0 . 905 Cost reduction 0 . 834 Output 0 . 798 Budgeting 0 . 864 Performance evaluation 0 . 832 Service mix 0 . 875 Customer profitability analysis 0 . 868 Service pricing Percent of variance Ε igenvalue Factor loadings Items

13. Research Methodology Variables measurement Low cost strategy (COST) 0.84 Cronbach alpha 70.1 4.2 0 . 834 The hotel develops cost control programs of its activities 0 . 794 The increase of the productivity-efficiency is vitally connected with these motives 0 . 812 The hotel’s policy is to provide motives to the departments which manage to lower their costs 0 . 785 The hotel provides services in low cost so as to have a competitive advantage 0 . 820 The hotel follows a policy oriented to the cost decrease in order to increase its revenues Percent of variance Ε igenvalue Factor loadings Items

15. Research Methodology Variables measurement Extent of the use of innovative management accounting techniques (INNO) 0.596 55.41 1.16 0.843 Balanced scorecard 0.613 Value chain analysis 0.759 Activity Based Costing Cronbach alpha Percent of variance Ε igenvalue Factor loadings Items

17. Data analysis Descriptive statistics for independent variables and proxy variables >6 6 4-6 22 2-3 40 1 32 N 100 Allocation bases Std. Dev. 1.10 Mean 3.1 N 100 Timely Construct validity measures 14 8 1.52 10.48 100 Extent of use of innovative management accounting techniques 17 3 3.54 8.12 100 Number of services variants 5 2 0.97 3.42 100 Level of competition 99 3.2 11.4 9.2 100 Size (€ mil) 25 5 3.97 12.31 100 Low cost strategy 53 13 9.12 29.9 100 Extent of use of cost data Actual Maximum Actual Minimum Std. Dev. Mean N Variable

18. Data analysis Spearman correlation matrix for the independent variables Note: * indicates Correlations is significant at the .05level (2 tailed) **indicates Correlations is significant at the .01 level (2 tailed) 1 0.461 ** 0.172 0.256 * 0.269 ** 0.188 0.384 ** CO ST 1 0.060 0.123 0.411 ** 0.138 0.204 * USE 1 0.116 0.096 -0.173 -0.023 SERV 1 0.145 0.213 * 0.110 MULT 1 0.720 0.183 SIZE 1 0.192 COMP 1 INNO CO ST USE SERV MULT SIZE COMP INNO Variable

19. Research Findings Critical attributes of cost system functionality Note: N= 100 24 efficiency variances 24 Monthly 24 price variances 76 Annually 24 mix variances Variance Yes Frequency 24 great degree of accuracy of cost data 24 cost by tour operator /travel agent Accuracy 24 cost by room 24 controllable/non- controllable cost 24 cost by room night 24 direct/indirect cost 24 cost by customer 24 fixed/variable cost 24 cost by individual service Yes Classification Yes Detail

21. Research Findings Hypothesis testing (2) 0.64 Nagelkerke R square 0.42 Cox & Snell R square 0.332 Hosmer – Lemeshow goodness of fit 0.000 Chi-square 0 0.037 9.367 -19.505 Constant 1.290 0.775 1.687 0.217 0.429 0.523 Extent of the use of innovative management accounting techniques 1.290 0.775 3.852 0.217 0.424 1.349 Member of multinational chain 1.115 0.897 1.195 0.094 0.106 0.178 Number of services variants 1.538 0.650 2.635 0.023 0.427 0.969 Low cost strategy 1.164 0.859 6.281 0.153 1.287 1.837 Size 1.183 0.846 1.817 0.154 0.419 0.597 Level of competition 1.300 0.769 2.201 0.025 0.353 0.789 Extent of the use of cost data VIF Tolerence Exp. B P Value St . Er . B 85% Per cent correctly classified Collinearity statistics